专题11
特殊句式(强调、倒装及其他)
【易错雷区，步步为赢】
1． Kate，run a bit faster，______you can catch up with all of your classmates.
A．so
B.and
C.but
D．or
2．________，so he didn't come to school last week.
A．Though he was ill
B.Being ill
C.Having been ill
D．He was ill
3． He had to sell his luxury car，________his company was in debt.
A．before
B.until
C.while
D.for
4．________for his action on the playing field ，but he is also famous for the things that he does off the playing field.
A．Not he is only known
B．Not only is he known
C．Only is he known not
D．He is only not known
5．Relax yourself every day，________you'll be too tired to get good grades.
A．and
B．or
C．for
D．but
6. Reality is not the way you wish things to be，nor the way they appear to be，________the way they actually are.
A．as
B．or
C．but
D．and
7．No sooner ________at the airport than she was surrounded by many reporters.
A．has the star arrived B．the star has arrived
C．the star had arrived D．had the star arrived
8． ________，Guo Mingyi makes his effort to help those in poverty.
A．Not rich although he is
B．In spite of not rich
C．Though not rich
D．As he is not rich
9．The door opened and there________.
A．entering our English teacher
B．entered our English teacher
C．did our English teacher enter
D．our English teacher entered
10． Not until he failed in the last examination ________he should have spent more time on study.
A．did he realize B．he realized
C．did he not realize
D．he didn't realize
【名师点睛，易错起源】
易错起源1、强调句的正确运用
例1．【2015·湖南】21.It was when we were returning home ________ I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.
A. which B. that C. where D. how
【变式探究】It was on september 1 st
he became a member of our school.
A. when
B. that
C. /
D. till
【名师点睛】
使用强调句时，应该注意如下几点:
1.强调状语:It is tomorrow that will hold the meeting.(that不能换成when)
It was on the sports ground that I found (that 不能换成where)
2.强调含有not...util...一结构的句子时，要用 It is／was not until...that...结构。that后的句子要 用肯定句，且须用陈述语序。
3.强调句和主语从句句型(指 “It+be+adj.／n.+that从句”类型)的异同点:二者均有 It be ... that／who...之类的语言标志。所不同的是:
(1)含有主语从句的句子译为汉语时不可加上“正是……”或“就是……”之类的字眼，而强调则可以。
(2)含有主语从句的句子若删掉 It be...that／who...则原句不论结构还是语意均不成立，而强调句去掉结构标志仍然成立。如:It is ture that he once went to to Canada.(不可以去掉 It is及that，否则原句不成立)
It
was on December 11，典型例题at China became a member of WTO.(去掉was及that后原句仍然成立)
【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】
1.含有定语从句的强调句型:仔细分析出at或 who在句中的作用，若that或who可有可无(结合it be来分析)，则为强调句，否则是定语从句。如:
It was in the lab that was set up by Mr.Smith that they finshed the experiment.(lab后的出at不可省略,因为出at引导定语从句，作该句的主语。句中第二个，that才是强调句的标志。)
2.强调谓语时用“do/does／did+动词原形”。如:
He did come yesterday.他昨天的确来了。
易错起源2、倒装句的正确运用
例2．【2015·天津】3. Only when Lily walked into the office ______ that she had left the contract at home.
A. she realized
B. has she realized
C. she has realized
D. did she realize
They have a good knowledge of English but little they know about German.
A. have
B. did
C. had
D. do
【名师点睛】
在下列情况下，句子要完全倒装:
1.在there，here 引导的句子中，谓语是be；exist 等表示状态的词。如:Hereisaseatforyou.Tom.
There stands a building on；the top of the mountain
2.在语气词there，here开头的句子中，谓语是 come，be等。
如:There goes the bell!铃响了!
Here comes your husband.你丈夫来了。
There you go again你又来这一套。
3.由副词now,then,thus 引导的句子中，谓语是 come,begin,be
如: Now comes your turn.
Thus ended the meeting.
4.在 in, out up, over, back等作状语置于句首时，谓语动词是 come, go, rush, run 等的句子里。
如:Up and up the prices
Off went the horses
5.地点状语提前，谓语是 be ,stand,lie 的句子中
如:In front of the door stood a boy.
On the ground lay a sick dog.
A. 在疑问句里。
Do you have an English class every day?
What did the two cheats pretend to be doing?
在特殊疑问句里，如果疑问词作主语，则不用倒装。
Who is in the next room?谁在隔壁房间？
What makes you so angry? 什么使你这么生气？
B.在以so 开头表示“也一样”，和以nor或neither开关表示“也不一样”的句子里。
I get up at seven and so does my brother.
He didn’t do it and neither did I.
C.在以 never, hardly, scarcely, seldom, little, barely , rarely, nowhere, by no means, hot until, hardly (scarcely)... when ,no sooner... than 等否定或半否定意义的词位于句首表示强调的句子里。
Never before have I met him.我以前从未见过他。
Seldom did the boy icad newspapers.这个孩子以前很少读报。
Little do I dream of seeing wonderful seenery.我梦想不到会看到这样神奇的景色。
Not until midnight did it stop raining.雨一直下到半夜才停。
Hardly had he entered the house when it began to rain. 他一进屋就开始下雨了。
No sooner had they got to the plant than they started to wrok.他们一进工厂就开始工作。
易错起源3、反意疑问句的用法
例3．（2017重庆卷 ）10.— I spent two weeks in London last summer.
—Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay._____ you?
A. mustn’t B. haven’t C. didn’t D. hadn’t
There is no light in the dormitory. They must have gone to the lecture,
?
A. didn’t they
B. don’t they
C. mustn’t they
D. haven’t they
【名师点睛】
使用反意疑问句时，应注意下列问题：
1.陈述部分包含有no，never，hardly，little等含有否定意义的词时，附加问句用肯定形式(但不包括带有否定意义的前后缀的词，如dislike，unfair等)。
2.陈述句和附加问句的情态动词或助动词一般要保持一致，但也有特殊情况：
(1)used to(过去常常)—usedn’t(或didn’t)；
(2)have(拥有)—haven’t(或don’t)；have(进行某-动作)—don’t; have(构成完成时态)—haven’t;have to(不得不)—don’t；
(3)ought to(应该)—oughtn’t；
(4)must(必须)—mustn’t must(必要)— needn’t； must be(表示猜测)—be；must have done (对过去某一时间的事情推测)—don’t；must have done(对发生在过去但对现在造成影响的动作进行推测)—haven’t;must not(表示禁止)—may。
3.陈述句的主语为名词或代词时，附加问句的主语为相应的人称代词；陈述句的主语为指示代词 this、that、不定代词nothing、不定式、动名词或从句时，附加问句的主语为小陈述句主语为指示代词 these、those、不定代词nobody、everbody、somebody等时，附加问句用they.
4.陈述部分若为“I／We don’t think(believe imagine，suppose，expect．．．) + 宾语从句”时，附加问句的谓语动词和主语应和宾语从句的动词和主语保持一致，且用肯定式。但当陈述部分的主语不是 I／We时，附加问句的构成同普通的反意疑问句。
5.含有强调句型的反意疑问句中，附加问句的主语代词永远是it.如:
It was last year that you graduated, wasn’t it?
易错起源4、省略句的用法
例4．（2017天津卷）________ the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.
A. Did he catch
B. should be catch
C. has he caught
D. Had he caught
【变式探究】The old tower must be saved,
__ the cost.
A. however
B. whatever
C. whichever
D. wherever
【名师点睛】
在英语中，下列情况下一般可以用省略:
A.祈使句一般省略主语
(You) Don’t touch this knob.请不要随便碰这个把手
(You) Come in,please! 请进来
(You) Be quiet !安静
B. 某些句子结构省略谓语
She gets up earlier than I ( get up) every day.她每天起床比我早。
( Is there) Anybody you want to see? 你想见什么人吗?
I like music and he (likes) sports. 我喜欢音乐，他喜欢体育。
C.部分问句常省略主语、谓语
Why not?为什么不呢?
Why?为什么?
Right? 对吗?
What? 什么?
Anything you want?你想要什么?
D. 疑问句省略回答
—Are these your friends? 这些人是你的朋友吗?
—Yes ,they are (my friends). 是的，他们是。
E.并列的不定式可以省略后面一个不定式的to 如: The book is intend to be read and not(to be) torn.
这本书是供人读的而不是供人撕毁的
F.宾语从句中常用so，not或其他来代替宾从句
如:①—Do you think she is a singer?
—Yes, I think so.
②—Shall I have a test next week?
—I hope not.
【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】
1.定语从句的省略
The car (which)you told about is here .你说过的那辆汽车在这里。
Do you know the man(who is)speaking to you?你认识和你讲话的那个人吗?
The people(who)you were talking to are Japanese.你与之谈话的那些人是日本人。
2.状语从句的省略
在When，while，if,as if，though，as，whether等连词引导的状语从句中，如果谓语有be，而主语又跟主句的主语相同或是it时，则从句的主语和be常常省略。
When(I was)in Japan,I took many beautiful pictures. 在日本，我拍了许多漂亮的照片。
You should notes when (it is)necessary.必要时你应该记笔记