2016届高考英语二轮复习专用素材：Module 3 The Violence of Nature（外研版必修3）

　　Module 3 The Violence of Nature

　　话题词汇

　　1.earthquake n.地震

　　2.fire n.火灾

　　3.flood n.洪水

　　4.burn v.燃烧

　　5.destroy v.破坏

　　6.rescue v.援救

　　7.survive v.幸存

　　8.die out灭绝

　　9.lead to/contribute to导致

　　10.in harmony with nature与自然和谐相处

　　经典语篇 (2011·福建)

　　为纪念汶川大地震三周年，某英文报发起关于灾区新貌的征文活动。请根据以下图片提示，以“Great Changes”为题，用英语写一篇短文应征。内容要点如下：

　　1.某中学灾后三年来的变化，如教学与活动场所，以及师生精神面貌等；

　　2.发生变化的原因；

　　3.你的感想。

　　注意：1.短文标题与开头已给出，不计入总词数；

　　2.可根据图片提示适当发挥；

　　3.词数120左右。

　　Great Changes

　　I am deeply impressed by the great changes that have taken place in the school over the past three years.

　　佳作欣赏

　　Great Changes

　　I am deeply impressed by the great changes that have taken place in the school over the past three years.

　　On May 12,2008，a severe earthquake destroyed almost everything in the school，leaving badly­damaged buildings① .It is now，however，taking on a new look.Tall buildings have been put up，including classrooms and laboratory buildings，and a library.There is also a newly­built standard playground.In the new environment，teachers and students are living happily and working hard.It is really amazing that the once­ruined place has now been turned into a beautiful school，full of life.②

　　Obviously，without the help of the whole society，there would be no new school today③.It is love and concern that have brought about the great changes.④ Many hands make light work.We can work wonders if we unite as a family, caring for each other and helping those in need.Union is strength.

　　思维发散

　　1.仿照第①句用现在分词短语作结果状语完成句子

　　体育馆的建设引起了很大的噪音，这使附近的人们很难入睡。

　　The construction of the gym caused much noise，making it difficult for people nearby to sleep.

　　2.将第②句改为what引导的主语从句

　　What is really amazing is that the once­ruined place has now been turned into a beautiful school，full of life.

　　3.将第③句中的without the help of the whole society改为if条件句

　　if it had not been for the help of the whole society

　　4.仿照第④句用It is/was...that...翻译句子

　　只有在他得到了他想要的以后，他才意识到这些并不是那么的重要。(2015·河北衡水中学期中)

　　It was after he got what he had desired that he realized it was not so important.

　　Ⅰ.重点单词

　　A.写作单词

　　1.cause (vt.)引起；导致

　　2.bury (vt.)埋葬；专心致志于

　　3.occur (vi.)发生

　　4.strike (vt.& n.)(雷电、暴风雨等)袭击；打击

　　5.ruin (vt.)毁坏

　　6.earthquake (n.)地震

　　7.luckily (adv.)幸运地；幸亏

　　8.thankfully (adv.)感激地；满怀感谢地

　　9.worldwide (adj.)全世界的

　　10.damage (n.& v.)损失；损害

　　11.experience (vt.& n.)经历；经验

　　experienced (adj.)有经验的

　　12.possibility (n.)可能；可能性

　　possible (adj.)可能的

　　13.terrifying (adj.)吓人的；可怕的

　　terrified (adj.)恐惧的；受惊吓的

　　terrify (vt.)使惊恐；使受惊吓

　　14.hopefully (adv.)满怀希望地；有希望地

　　hopeful (adj.)满怀希望的

　　15.sadly (adv.)伤心地；不幸地

　　sad (adj.)伤心的

　　16.fortunately (adv.)幸运地；幸亏

　　fortunate (adj.)幸运的

　　17.warning (n.)警告

　　warn (vt.)警告

　　18.active (adj.)积极的；活跃的

　　activity (n.)活跃；活动

　　B.阅读单词

　　19.disaster (n.)灾难

　　20.flood (n.)洪水

　　21.lightning (n.)闪电

　　22.thunderstorm (n.)雷暴

　　23.column (n.)柱状物；柱状体；专栏

　　24.current (n.)海流；潮流

　　25.feather (n.)羽毛

　　26.fur (n.)(动物的)毛皮

　　27.wave (n.)波浪

　　28.ash (n.)灰

　　29.erupt (vt.)(火山的)爆发；喷发

　　30.previous (adj.)以前的

　　31.furniture (n.)家具

　　furnish (vt.)布置；提供

　　32.violent (adj.)猛烈的；激烈的；强烈的

　　violence (n.)暴力

　　Ⅱ.重点短语

　　1.pick up卷起；掀起；捡起；用车接；(经济等的)复苏

　　2.take off去掉

　　3.on average平均起来

　　4.end up 结果为……，以……结束

　　5.set fire to放火(焚烧)……

　　6.catch fire 着火

　　7.put out扑灭(火)

　　8.take place发生

　　9.in all总共；总计

　　Ⅲ.经典句式

　　1.They can destroy houses，but leave the furniture inside exactly where it was.

　　它们能毁掉房子，却把房内的家具留在原处。

　　2.On average，there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year，causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries.

　　平均来说，美国每年发生800次龙卷风，造成大约80人死亡，1 500人受伤。

　　3.By the time it ended，more than 700 people had been killed and 2,700 had been injured.

　　等到风停时，已有700多人死亡，2 700多人受伤。

　　4.When the lava reached the sea，there was the possibility of a huge tidal wave which could flood half the island.

　　当岩浆蔓延至海面时，有可能会激起一个能够淹没半个岛屿的大浪潮。

　　5.By the late 1890s，he had moved to Galveston，where he died in 1899，a year before the hurricane struck.

　　到19世纪90年代末，他搬到了加尔维斯顿，于1899年在那里逝世，正是飓风袭击的头一年。

　　Ⅳ.课文语法填空

　　The most violent tornadoes have winds of over 400 km per hour.They can take cars，trains and even houses 1.to other places，also take the fur or features 2.off an animal.Almost all tornadoes occur in the US.On average，there’re 800 each year,3.causing (cause) about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries.The 4.worst (bad) one was in 1925，causing over 700 deaths and 2,700 injuries.

　　Hurricanes have winds of 120 km per hour or more，5.which cause huge waves，heavy rain and floods.There’re six Atlantic hurricanes each year on average.The worst 6.one was in 1900 in Galveston，Texas，which caused 6,000 deaths and destroyed 3,600 buildings.Charles Coghlan,7.a nineteenth­century Irish actor，died and was buried in Texas in 1899.The cemetery 8.was destroyed (destroy) by the hurricane and his coffin ended up in the sea.Eight years 9.later(late)，the coffin was found in the east of Canada,3,000 km away from 10.where Coghlan was buried.

　　1

　　[多词一义]　cause，bring about，lead to，result in，contribute to

　　(1)the cause of ……的原因

　　cause and effect因果关系

　　(2)cause sb.sth.＝cause sth.for/to sb.给某人引来某事

　　cause sb.to do sth.使某人做某事

　　(1)The cause of the accident was the fact that he was driving too fast.

　　导致这次事故发生的原因是他开车太快。

　　(2)The child caused his parents a lot of trouble.

　　＝The child caused a lot of trouble for/to his parents.

　　这个孩子给他的父母带来了很多麻烦。

　　(3)What caused her to change her mind?

　　是什么使她改变了主意？

　　[词义辨析]　cause，reason，excuse

　　(1)cause原因，起因，表示造成某种事实或现象的起因，后接of短语或不定式。

　　(2)reason理由，原因，指一种行为或看法的理由，其后介词多用for。

　　(3)excuse辩解，借口，指为某一行为所做的解释，可以是真的，也可以是托词。

　　多维训练

　　(1)用cause，reason或excuse的正确形式填空

　　①His misunderstanding of language was the primary cause of his other problems.

　　②There is no excuse for such behavior.

　　③I have no particular reason for doubting him.

　　④Don’t make an excuse for it.

　　(2)单句改错

　　Smoking is one of the cause of heart disease.cause→causes

　　2

　　[多词一义]　occur，happen，come about，take place

　　sth.occurs to sb.某人突然想起某事；某人发生某事

　　It occurs to sb.that.../to do...某人突然想起……

　　(1)The crash occurred only minutes after the plane took off.

　　空难在飞机起飞几分钟后就发生了。

　　(2)Didn’t it occur to you that he was lying?

　　你当时没想到他在撒谎吗？

　　[特别提醒]

　　表示“某人想起……”的短语还有：sth.strike/hit sb.，sb.hit/strike on sth.，sth.come to sb.，sth.come into one’s mind等。

　　多维训练

　　(1)单句语法填空

　　①An idea occurred to me.

　　②An idea came into my mind.

　　③I hit/struck on an idea.

　　④It suddenly occurred to me that I hadn’t locked my door.

　　(2)单句改错

　　①A brilliant idea was occurred to me.去掉was

　　②When did the accident occur to？去掉to

　　3 strike vt.& vi.struck，struck打；罢工；敲；撞击hit；侵袭attack；给某人以……印象impress；擦rub；突然想起；n.罢工；打击

　　[应试指导]　熟词新义的考查

　　1be struck with/by为……所袭击感动

　　It strikes me that...我觉得……；我的印象是……

　　sth.strike sb.＝sb.strike on sth.某人想到……

　　2be on strike在罢工

　　go on strike举行罢工

　　(1)He struck the ball straight into the hospitality tent.

　　他将球直接打进了迎宾帐篷里。

　　(2)It strikes me that you are not serious about it.

　　我觉得你并未把这事当真。

　　(3)Staff at the hospital went on strike in protest at the incidents.

　　医院员工举行罢工，抗议这几起事件。

　　多维训练

　　(1)写出下列句子中strike的汉语意思

　　①The clock has just struck 10.(钟)敲

　　②He hit me，so I struck him back.打

　　③The girl struck a match and lit a candle.划(火柴)

　　④She was struck by his kindness.打动

　　⑤They have been on strike for several days.罢工

　　⑥A big earthquake struck the area last week.袭击

　　(2)同义句改写

　　They were struck by the beauty of its buildings on their previous visit，so they decided to visit the small old town again.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)

　　Struck by the beauty of its buildings on their previous visit，they decided to visit the small old town again.

　　4

　　1ruin oneself毁掉自己

　　2in ruins严重受损；破败不堪

　　fall/come into ruin逐渐破碎

　　bring...to ruin使……失败；使……毁坏

　　(1)The bad weather has ruined all my pleasure for the holiday.

　　糟糕的天气毁掉了我度假的好心情。

　　(2)A large number of churches fell into ruin after the revolution.

　　革命过后，许多教堂都毁了。

　　多维训练

　　(1)单句语法填空

　　①Years of fighting has left Iraq ruined(ruin).

　　②It rained for two weeks on end，completely ruining(ruin) our holiday.

　　③This country was once proud of its education system.Now it seems to be in ruins.

　　④Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and being reduced to ruins (ruin)，the city took on a new look.

　　(2)单句改错

　　①The castle has fallen into ruins.ruins→ruin

　　②After he was dead，his body would ruin it in twelve months.it→itself

　　5pick up拾起，捡起，拿起；学会(语言)；收听/看；染上；用车接某人；好转；感染；恢复健康；振作起(精神)

　　pick out挑出；辨别出；领会,pick off摘掉；拔去

　　(1)We’re waiting until the weather picks up a bit.

　　我们等到天气好些再说。

　　(2)She was picked out from thousands of applicants for the job.

　　从数千名申请人中挑选出她来做那份工作。

　　多维训练

　　(1)写出下列句子中pick up的汉语意思

　　①Ridley picked up a pencil and fiddled(不停摆弄) with it.拿起

　　②His old father is beginning to pick up now.恢复精神/健康

　　③Where did you pick up your English？学会

　　④They’ve picked up a really severe infection from something they’ve eaten.染上

　　⑤We can pick up Italian television.收看到

　　⑥Chinese officials hope that trade will pick up when the two countries switch to hard currency.好转

　　(2)短语填空　

　　①Pick off all the dead leaves.

　　②Her British accent was picked up on her visit to London.

　　③Although he had not seen his sister for twenty years，he picked her out as soon as she got off the plane.

　　6

　　[多词一义]　end up with/in，finish，accomplish，complete

　　end up with/in...以……结束/告终

　　end up as...最后成为……

　　end up doing sth.最终却做了某事

　　end up＋形容词/介词短语　最终处于……状态

　　(1)He’ll end up in prison if he’s not careful.

　　如果他不小心，最后可能会锒铛入狱。

　　(2)He ended up as the head of the company.

　　他最后成为这家公司的老板。

　　(3)Most slimmers end up putting weight back on.

　　大多数减肥的人最后又发胖了。

　　多维训练

　　(1)单句语法填空

　　①The party ended up with a beautiful song.

　　②Our game always ends up in a quarrel.

　　③After several years of hard work，she ended up as a successful writer.

　　(2)完成句子

　　①You’ll end up in failure if you don’t follow my advice.

　　如果你不听我的建议，你最终会失败的。

　　②At first he refused to accept any responsibility but he ended up apologizing.

　　最初他拒不承认有任何责任，到头来还是道了歉。

　　7

　　多维训练

　　(1)单句语法填空

　　①This trip to Africa is an unforgetable experience for us.

　　②Experienced(experience) workers are badly needed here.

　　(2)完成句子

　　①He is an experienced teacher and he has much experience in teaching.

　　他是个有经验的老师，有丰富的教学经验。

　　②In my experience，he is an honest man.

　　以我的经验来看，他是个诚实的人。

　　(3)单句改错

　　Jumping out of an airplane at ten thousand feet is quite exciting experience.quite后加an

　　8

　　多维训练

　　(1)用bury的正确形式填空

　　①He walked slowly，his hand buried in his pocket.

　　②The girl was sitting on the bench in the park，burying her head in the book in her hands.

　　③They think she was buried in the desert，along with a few others.

　　(2)同义句改写

　　Because she buried herself in the film，she didn’t know it was snowing outside.

　　①Burying herself in the film，she didn’t know it was snowing outside.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)

　　②Buried in the film，she didn’t know it was snowing outside.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)

　　9

　　多维训练

　　(1)单句语法填空

　　①With his reputation damaged(damage)，he regretted having done so.

　　②Smoking does great damage to one’s health.

　　(2)用ruin，destroy，damage的正确形式填空

　　After the Wenchuan earthquake，many buildings were destroyed，but the local people still repaired the damaged ones and rebuilt the new ones to keep their hometown from coming to ruin.

　　(3)单句改错

　　The storm caused damages to the crops.damages→damage

　　10

　　多维训练

　　短语填空

　　(1)We should put aside our differences and discuss the things we have in common.

　　(2)They put out the fire with water.

　　(3)It is wise to have some money put away for old age.

　　(4)Put down what I said just now.

　　(5)The girl is afraid of putting on weight.

　　11

　　多维训练

　　短语填空

　　(1)Robson came on in place of Wilkins ten minutes before the end of the game.

　　(2)The evening party will take place on New Year’s Eve.

　　(3)Almost nobody knows how many services are in place，where they are or what they do.

　　(4)Nothing in the world can take the place of persistence.

　　(5)I began to feel unmistakably out of place in that pleasant family circle.

　　12 On average，there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year，causing about 80 deaths and 1，500 injuries.平均来说，美国每年发生800次龙卷风，造成大约80人死亡，1 500人受伤。

　　(1)现在分词((短语))作结果状语常表示“意料、情理之中”的结果，这种分词的逻辑主语既可以是句子的主语，也可以是前边的整个句子；逻辑主语为前边的整个句子时，其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句。

　　(2)不定式(短语)作结果状语常表示出乎意料的结果。

　　(1)The child fell，striking his head against the door.

　　这个小孩摔了一跤，头在门上碰了一下。

　　(2)He hurried to the bus stop，only to find the bus had left.

　　他匆匆地去了车站，结果却发现车已离开。

　　多维训练

　　(1)单句语法填空

　　①A number of new machines were introduced from abroad，resulting(result) in an increase in production.

　　②Anxiously，she took the dress out of the package and tried it on，only to find(find) it didn’t fit.

　　(2)同义句改写

　　A number of new machines were introduced from abroad，which resulted in an increase in production.(将上题句①改为含有定语从句的复合句)

　　13 By the late 1890s，he had moved to Galveston，where he died in 1899，a year before the hurricane struck.到19世纪90年代末，他搬到了加尔维斯顿，于1899年在那里逝世，正是飓风袭击的头一年。

　　1before用作连词，引导时间状语从句，除了表示“在……之前”以外，还可以表示“……之后才；不久就；不等……就；以免”。

　　2句型归纳：①It won’t be...before...用不了多长时间就会……before从句用一般现在时

　　②It will be...before...得过多久才……before从句用一般现在时

　　③It wasn’t...before...没过多长时间就……before从句用一般过去时

　　④It was...before...过了多长时间才……before从句用一般过去时

　　(1)Write down the telephone number before you forget it.

　　记下电话号码以免忘记。

　　(2)It wasn’t long before he learned to use the computer.

　　不久他就学会了使用计算机。

　　多维训练

　　(1)写出下列句子中before的汉语意思

　　①Before he came here，he was in England.在……之前

　　②It will be some time before we know the full results.得过多久才……

　　③Before we had walked five miles，Anne complained of sore feet.不到……就

　　④Put that away before it gets broken.以免

　　(2)完成句子

　　①The meaning of the word “nice” changed a few times before it finally came to include the sense “pleasant”(直到最后它才包含pleasant的含义).

　　②Before I could get in a word(我还没来得及插话)，he had measured me.

　　Ⅰ.语境填词

　　1.Don’t let negativity ruin(毁坏) your motivation.(2015·福建)

　　2.My previous(以前的) home had a stand of woods behind it and many animals in the backyard.(2015·四川)

　　3.A disaster(灾难) can change everything in life.(2015·浙江)

　　4.There are an extremely large number of ants worldwide(全世界的).(2015·安徽)

　　5.This of course created a new problem：dirt practically buried(埋葬) the first floors of every building in Chicago.(2015·湖南)

　　6.Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences(经历).(2015·全国Ⅰ)

　　7.I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy，but was held back thankfully(幸亏) by the shop window.(2015·湖南)

　　8.Dr.Epstein explained that it was actually a brilliant way for his young mind to handle the terrifying(可怕的) and painful life he led.(2017·广东)

　　Ⅱ.单句语法填空

　　1.Though，as children，we thought this was crazy，it would never have occurred to us to deny Papa a request.(2015·福建)

　　2.It struck me that playing against the other team was a great learning moment for all the girls on the team.(2015·全国Ⅱ)

　　3.If a student has kept a cat in his room for a week since the warning(warn)，he will face the Student Court.(2015·天津)

　　4.Having learned that you are holding an activity(active)，in which we can share more books，I want to join it.(2015·重庆)

　　5.Kindness and violence(violent) can reproduce themselves.(2017·广东)

　　6.If you leave your work until the night before it’s due，you give up the possibility(possible) of getting input from your professor.(2017·浙江)

　　Ⅲ.短语填空

　　1.You can end up with what astronauts call a carbon­dioxide headache.(2015·湖北)

　　2.On average，each of the two million big stones weighed about as much as a large pickup truck.(2015·四川)

　　3.Peter drove to Ann’s house to pick up his dog，and saw Thomas and Jack crying in the window.(2017·山东)

　　4.Soon the firefighters will come and put out the fire.(2017·四川)

　　5.When the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.(2017·陕西)

　　6.An important period of channelization took place in Europe during the 19th century，when many large rivers were straightened and their beds deepened.(2017·湖南)

　　Ⅳ.完成句子

　　1.The young couple，who returned my lost wallet，left before I could ask for their names.(2017·陕西)

　　归还我丢掉的钱包的那对年轻的夫妇在我问他们名字之前就离开了。

　　2.More highways have been built in China，making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.(2011·陕西)

　　在中国修建了更多的高速公路，这使人们更容易从一个地方到另一个地方去。

　　3.Please make a mark where you have questions when previewing your lessons.

　　预习功课的时候，在你有问题的地方做一个标记。

　　4.By the time we finished our work，other workers had already left.

　　等到我们完成工作的时候，其他的工人们早就已经离开了。

　　5.Is there any possibility that he will be elected chairman?

　　他有可能当选主席吗？

　　写作素材 (关于地震)

　　1.上个月一场可怕的地震袭击了这座城市，造成了严重的损害。

　　2.一些建筑成为废墟。

　　3.很多人被埋在了建筑物下。

　　4.有很多人失去了生命。

　　5.令人欣慰的是，地震一发生，全世界的人们都提供了帮助。

　　提示　黑体部分用本单元词汇表达，并且请使用现在分词作结果状语，immediately引导的时间状语从句。

　　连句成篇 (将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)

　　Last month，a terrifying earthquake struck the city，causing serious damage to it.Some buildings were in ruins.Many people were buried in the buildings and

　　plenty of people lost their lives.Thankfully people all over the world offered their help immediately it occurred.

　　练出高分

　　Ⅰ.阅读理解

　　A

　　A rainforest is an area covered by tall trees with the total high rainfall spreading quite equally through the year and the temperature rarely dipping below 16℃.Rainforests have a great effect on the world environment because they can take in heat from the sun and adjust the climate.Without the forest cover，these areas would reflect more heat into the atmosphere，warming the rest of the world.Losing the rainforests may also influence wind and rainfall patterns，potentially causing certain natural disasters all over the world.

　　In the past hundred years，humans have begun destroying rainforests in search of three major resources；land for crops，wood for paper and other products，land for raising farm animals.This action affects the environment as a whole.For example，a lot of carbon dioxide in the air comes from burning the rainforests.People obviously have a need for the resources we gain from cutting trees but we will suffer much more than we will benefit.

　　There are two main reasons for this.Firstly，when people cut down trees，generally they can only use the land for a year or two.Secondly，cutting large sections of rainforests may provide a good supply of wood right now，but in the long run it actually reduces the world’s wood supply.

　　Rainforests are often called the world’s drug store.More than 25% of the medicines we use today come from plants in rainforests.However，fewer than 1% of rainforest plants have been examined for their medical value.It is extremely likely that our best chance to cure diseases lies somewhere in the world’s shrinking rainforests.

　　1．Rainforests can help to adjust the climate because they

　　.

　　A．reflect more heat into the atmosphere

　　B．reduce the effect of heat from the sun on the earth

　　C．bring about high rainfall throughout the world

　　D．rarely cause the temperature to drop lower than 16℃

　　答案　B

　　解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Rainforests have a great effect on the world environment because they can take in heat from the sun and adjust the climate.”可知，热带雨林能调节气候是因为他们吸收了来自太阳的热量。

　　2．What does the word “this” underlined in the third paragraph refer to?

　　A．Humans have begun destroying rainforests.

　　B．People have a strong desire for resources.

　　C．We will lose much more than we can gain.

　　D．Much carbon dioxide comes from burning rainforests.

　　答案　C

　　解析　代词指代题。根据第二段最后一句“People obviously have a need for the resources we gain from cutting trees but we will suffer much more than we will benefit.”可知，砍伐热带雨林带来了好处，但是坏处更多。

　　3．It can be inferred from the text that

　　.

　　A．we can get enough resources without rainforests

　　B．we will grow fewer kinds of crops in the gained land

　　C．the level of annual rainfall affects wind patterns

　　D．there is great medicine potential in rainforests

　　答案　D

　　解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，今天我们使用的药物中25%以上来自热带雨林中的植物；我们治愈某种疾病的药物极有可能就在不断缩小的雨林里。故D项正确。

　　4．What might be the best title for the text?

　　A．Rainforests and the Environment

　　B．How to Save Rainforests

　　C．How to Protect Nature

　　D．Rainforests and Medical Development

　　答案　A

　　解析　标题归纳题。根据第一段中的“Rainforests have a great effect on the world environment...”可知，雨林与环境关系密切。接下来的几段都是围绕着这一中心展开的。故选A。

　　B

　　The virus “Ebola” is named after the Ebola River in what is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo.That’s where the virus was discovered in 1976.A person can only get Ebola through direct contact with an infected person’s bodily fluids，for example，sweat or spit.Additionally，the virus can get into your body through your eyes and mouth if those areas come into contact with something that contains the bodily fluids of an infected person.That’s why health care workers are supposed to keep themselves completely covered while treating patients.

　　The deadliest Ebola outbreak is spreading fast in Western Africa.The health systems in Guinea，Sierra Leone and Liberia are severely lacking in resources，and health care workers may not have access to adequate protective clothing when working in rural clinics，where the proper protections are lacking.Since Guinea，Sierra Leone and Liberia share a border；it’s easier for people to move from one country to another，increasing the risk for disease spread.

　　For now，all doctors can do is treat the symptoms and provide supportive care like monitoring heart rate，blood pressure，and breathing while making sure the patients’ fluids are supplied.Sometimes patients are given antibiotics(抗生素) to treat other possible infections.The hope is to make the patient pull through the infection so their immune system can eventually clear the virus.The people who survive Ebola have created enough antibodies to kill it.

　　There are several promising drugs and vaccines in development，but since Ebola is less common—and research about it is not well funded—there is no drug or vaccine that has been approved for use in humans.Many of the other drugs and vaccines have not yet been tested in humans.The WHO (World Health Organization) is meeting to discuss whether experimental treatments should be used during this outbreak.

　　5．According to the passage，Ebola only spreads through

　　.

　　A．patients’ sweat

　　B．bodily fluids

　　C．people’s spit

　　D．your body

　　答案　B

　　解析　细节理解题。根据第一段的“A person can only get Ebola through direct contact with an infected person’s bodily fluids...”可知Ebola病毒只能通过体液传播。故选B。

　　6．Which is the possible reason why Ebola spreads in West Africa quickly?

　　A．The Ebola River is polluted by the virus.

　　B．There aren’t any protections.

　　C．The protective clothing is adequate.

　　D．Three western countries share a border.

　　答案　D

　　解析　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Since Guinea，Sierra Leone and Liberia share a border；it’s easier for people to move from one country to another，increasing the risk for disease spread.”可知Ebola病毒传播如此迅速的原因之一是三个国家接壤。故选D。

　　7．Why have there been no cures used for Ebola in humans so far?

　　A．There are not enough drugs for the infected people.

　　B．Ebola is rare and its research money is lacking.

　　C．The people have enough antibodies to kill Ebola.

　　D．The WHO has decided not to use them.

　　答案　B

　　解析　细节理解题。根据文中最后一段“...since Ebola is less common—and research about it is not well funded—there is no drug or vaccine that has been approved for use in humans.”知选B。

　　8．Which of the following can be the best title?

　　A．The Prevention from Ebola.

　　B．No Cure for the Virus “Ebola”．

　　C．The Deadliest Ebola in Africa.

　　D．Introduction to the Virus “Ebola”．

　　答案　C

　　解析　标题归纳题。本文主要讲述的是西非Ebola病毒的发生、传播途径、治疗措施等，因此C项最能概括本文大意。故选C。

　　Ⅱ.语法填空

　　Living in two different cultures is not an easy thing.

　　When I was ten years old，my parents 9.moved(move) to the US from Sri Lanka，which is 10.an island off the coast of India.

　　11．Although/Though we now live in the US，we follow the customs and traditions of Sri Lanka.I have learned 12.to speak(speak) three languages，including English.I eat all kinds of foods and celebrate different holidays 13.that/which have to do with my culture.

　　However，there 14.are many disadvantages of being part of two cultures.Sometimes，speaking a language at home and speaking another language in school can get confusing.Sometimes，I have trouble 15.expressing(express) my thoughts in English because they 16.can’t/don’t understand me well.Sometimes my culture does make me feel far away from others because I feel too different.I am 17.closer(close) to my culture of Sri Lanka than that of the US.I don’t listen to English music as much as I listen to Indian music.Therefore，I feel very far from my friends when I don’t know what song 18.they are talking about.

　　Ⅲ.短文改错

　　Nowadays there is a widespread concern over developing tourism.In the fact，tourism can benefit us a lot.It will help the city’s economy and people’s life improve great.We will have nice parks，the first class roads and grand building.We will get lots of chances communicate with tourists from all over the world.

　　But every coin have two sides.Without proper planning，tourism can be a problem.If tourism grew too quickly，people will move from their early jokes in those concerning tourism.Local industry will suffer.Too many tourists can crowd public places or cause some pollution.

　　I think that necessary to help tourism，but first of all we should have a proper plan so that it can developed steadily and efficiently.

　　答案

　　Nowadays there is a widespread concern over developing tourism.In the fact，tourism can benefit us a lot.It will help the city’s economy and people’s life improve .We will have nice parks，the first class roads and grand .We will get lots of chances

　　communicate with tourists from all over the world.

　　But every coin

　　two sides.Without proper planning，tourism can be a problem.If tourism

　　too quickly，people will move from their early jokes

　　those concerning tourism.Local industry will suffer.Too many tourists can crowd public places

　　cause some pollution.

　　I think

　　necessary to help tourism，but first of all we should have a proper plan so that it can

　　developed steadily and efficiently.

　　Ⅳ.书面表达

　　根据以下图表写一篇英语短文。内容应包含以下要点：

　　1．根据图表描述中国目前的空气状况；

　　2．简要分析产生这种现象的原因；

　　3．试提出改善空气质量的措施。

　　注意：1.可参照图表所给提示做必要的发挥；

　　2．词数100左右；

　　3．开头已经写好，不计入总词数。

　　Nowadays，the air quality in China has raised widespread concern.As is indicated in the picture，

　　参考范文

　　Nowadays，the air quality in China has raised widespread concern.As is indicated in the picture,46.02% of the residents are dissatisfied with the present quality of the air in cities and the percentage of people exposed to bad air is 57.99%.What’s more，the pie chart demonstrates that only 10.67% of cities can enjoy high quality air while cities suffering from bad air make up nearly nine tenths.

　　It is vital to find out the contributing factors.Vehicles sending large quantities of poisonous gases，in my mind，are a major source of air pollution.Furthermore，factories that release a great deal of smoke are also responsible for the poor air quality.Besides，burning materials like coal or oil for homes and offices is another major contributor to air pollution.

　　Personally，to better the air quality，the government and the common citizens should make joint efforts.Riding and walking are wise options for public travels.Meanwhile，effective laws are supposed to be made to guarantee good air quality.