2016届高考英语二轮复习专用素材：Module 5 A Lesson in a Lab（外研版必修1）

　　Module 5 A Lesson in a Lab

　　话题词汇

　　1.chairman n.主席

　　2.donate vt.捐赠

　　3.type n.类型

　　4.arouse vt.唤醒

　　5.curiosity n.好奇

　　6.present n.礼物

　　7.excitement n.兴奋

　　8.the summer camp夏令营

　　9.benefit from...从……中受益

　　10.choose from...从……中挑选

　　经典语篇

　　假如今天在物理老师的帮助下，你们做了一个有趣的实验。请根据以下实验步骤，用英语写一篇100词左右的短文。

　　1.准备一支蜡烛、一个盆和一些水，一个比蜡烛稍高些的玻璃杯；

　　2.将蜡烛置于盆底，并向盆中倒入一些水；

　　3.点燃蜡烛，将玻璃杯罩在蜡烛上；

　　4.当蜡烛熄灭后，看到玻璃杯中水面高于盆中水面。

　　参考词汇：盆basin

　　佳作欣赏

　　Today，with our physics teacher’s help①，we carried out an interesting experiment in class.Before we started，we prepared a candle，a basin and some water，a glass and the glass must be a little higher than the candle②.

　　First，we let the candle stand at the bottom of the basin and poured some water into the basin.Then we lit the candle and covered it with the glass that was full of air.We waited until the candle went out.

　　To our astonishment，we saw that the water level in the glass was higher than that in the basin.How interesting an experiment lesson we had！③

　　思维发散

　　1.将第①句用另外一种方式表达

　　with the help of our physics teacher

　　2.将第②句用定语从句改写

　　a glass that must be a little higher than the candle

　　3.将第③句用what引导的感叹句改写

　　What an interesting experiment lesson we had！

　　Ⅰ.重点单词

　　A.写作单词

　　1.stage (n.)阶段；时期

　　2.aim (n.)目标；目的

　　3.boil (vt.)煮；煮沸

　　4.ordinary (adj.)普通的；平常的

　　5.form (vi.)形成

　　6.balance (n.)天平；平衡

　　7.lecture (n.)演讲

　　8.astonished (adj.)吃惊的；惊愕的

　　9.equipment (n.)设备；装备

　　10.department (n.)(大学的)科、系

　　11.conclusion (n.)结论

　　conclude (vt.)总结，推断

　　12.reaction (n.)反应

　　react (vi.)反应

　　B.阅读单词

　　13.liquid (n.)液体

　　14.expand (vi.)膨胀

　　15.contract (vi.)收缩

　　16.substance (n.)物质

　　17.oxygen (n.)氧气

　　18.partial (adj.)部分的；局部的

　　19.steam (n.)蒸汽；水汽

　　20.float (vi.)漂浮

　　21.flame (n.)火焰

　　22.facility (n.)(常作复数)设备；工具

　　23.mixture (n.)混合物

　　mix (vt.)混合

　　24.electricity (n.)电

　　electrical (adj.)与电有关的；用电的

　　Ⅱ.重点短语

　　1.react with与……反应

　　2.put...in order使……有条理；使……整齐

　　3.at the top/bottom of在……的顶/底部

　　4.keep...out of防止……进入；不让……靠近

　　5.be proud of为……感到骄傲/自豪

　　6.find out弄清楚；弄明白

　　7.add...to...往……加入……

　　8.go ahead先走；发生；开始做，进行吧

　　9.used to do...过去(常常)……

　　10.be supposed to应当；理应

　　Ⅲ.经典句式

　　1.Two­thirds of the earth’s surface is water.

　　地球表面三分之二是水。

　　2.It is hard to think of a world without metals.

　　很难想象一个没有金属的世界。

　　3.Here is a table with the metals that react most at the top...

　　下面是一张金属反应表，列于顶部的是反应最强的金属……

　　4.The closer you are，the more you’ll see.

　　你离得越近，看到的就越多。

　　5.I’m going to try to go to either Montreal or Ottawa University，as both are supposed to have good Physics Departments.

　　我打算尽可能上蒙特利尔或者渥太华大学，因为这两所大学都有优秀的物理系。

　　Ⅳ.课文语法填空

　　Metals are very 1.important(importantly) in the world.Different metals have different 2.uses(use).For example，steel 3.is used(use) in cars，and iron is used in 4.electrical(electric) equipment.When we use metals，5.it is important to know 6.how they react with different substances，for example，water and oxygen.7.The reaction of metals with these substances can 8.be put (put) in order.Potassium，sodium，calcium，magnesium，aluminium and zinc react most,9.and iron and copper react 10.least(little).

　　1

　　[应试指导]　活动类写作高频词汇

　　1with the aim of以期……；意在……

　　take aim at把目标对准……

　　without aim漫无目的地

　　2aim at doing sth./aim at/for sth.力求达到，力争做到

　　aim to do sth.志在，目的在

　　be aimed at目的是；旨在

　　(1)Now we have to take aim at the difficult problem and try to get it solved.

　　现在我们不得不正视这个难题并试图解决它。

　　(2)The programme is aimed at teenage audience.

　　这个节目针对的是十几岁的观众。

　　(3)I aim at learning ten new words by heart every day.

　　＝I aim to learn ten new words by heart every day.

　　我的目标是每天记十个新词。

　　[图解助记]

　　[特别提醒]

　　(1)由于aim可用作及物或不及物动词，所以类似以下这样的句子可用主动语态或被动语态：

　　My remarks were not aimed/didn’t aim at you.

　　我的话并非针对你说的。

　　(2)在take aim中，aim前不能加冠词，即使aim前有形容词，也不可加冠词。

　　多维训练

　　(1)单句语法填空

　　①This activity is aimed at improving(improve) the students’ ability of listening and speaking.

　　②I don’t know at whom the Minister’s remarks were aimed，but he ought not to say such things.

　　③His brother aims to be(be) a policeman.

　　④Never do anything without aim，or you’ll gain nothing.

　　(2)Mr.Green visited China with the aim of seeing the Great Wall.

　　格林先生来访中国的目的是参观长城。

　　(3)单句改错

　　①When shooting an arrow，one must aim the target.aim后加at

　　②Now we have to take the aim at the problem and try to get it solved.去掉第一个the

　　2 form n.类型；种类type，variety；形式；外表；样子looks，appearance；表格；形状；体形shape；v.使出现，产生begin or make...exist；使形成；组成；组织，建立

　　1in/out of form处于良好的/不好的状态

　　in the form of以……的形式

　　take the form of采取……的形式

　　2form the habit of养成……的习惯

　　(1)This footballer’s been out of form.

　　这个足球运动员的状态不好。

　　(2)The training programme takes the form of a series of workshops.

　　这次培训课程采取一系列研讨会的形式。

　　(3)I have formed the habit of writing diaries，and met lots of friends online.

　　我已经养成了写日记的习惯，并且在网上认识了很多朋友。

　　多维训练

　　(1)用form短语的正确形式填空

　　①Help in the form of money will be very welcome.

　　②At the moment，most mobile advertising takes the form of text messages.

　　③If she’s in form，she can win the match easily.

　　(2)同义句改写

　　She has fallen into the habit of biting her nails when she is nervous.

　　She has formed the habit of biting her nails when she is nervous.

　　3

　　[应试指导]　add非谓语动词作定语或状语的考查

　　add to增添

　　add up to加起来达到，总计为；总的来讲；等于说

　　add up合计，加起来；合情理；说得通

　　(1)You should add an entry to this section.

　　你应该给这部分增加一个入口。

　　(2)The heavy rain added to the difficulty in rescuing the buried people.

　　大雨增加了营救被掩埋群众的困难。

　　(3)Add up all the money I owe you.

　　把我应付你的钱都加在一起。

　　[图解助记]

　　多维训练

　　(1)单句语法填空

　　①Rude words，name­calling，and accusation only add fuel to the emotional fire.

　　②The teacher asked me if I was ready，adding(add) that everybody was waiting for me at the school gate.

　　③It was raining cats and dogs，thus adding(add) to their difficulty in transporting the supplies to the earthquake­stricken areas.

　　④Hearing how others react to the book you have just read creates an added(add) pleasure.(2017·浙江)

　　(2)一句多译

　　三加四等于七。

　　①Three added to four makes/equals seven.(add to)

　　②Three and four add(s) up to seven.(add up to)

　　③If you add three to four，you get seven.(add...to)

　　(3)单句改错

　　I don’t want to add your trouble.add后加to

　　4

　　[应试指导]　suppose/supposing作连词的用法

　　be supposed to have done...本该做……但实际上未做

　　suppose v.猜想；假设；假定；认为

　　suppose sb./sth.to be...认为某人物……

　　suppose that...假定……；认为……

　　suppose/supposing that引导条件状语从句，相当于if，表示“如果，假设”。

　　(1)You are supposed to study harder.

　　你应该更努力地学习。

　　(2)I know.Waiting is not supposed to be art and craft.

　　我很清楚，等待并不被认为是一种艺术或工艺品。

　　(3)They suppose that all rich men are bad.

　　他们认为凡是有钱人都很坏。

　　多维训练

　　单句语法填空

　　(1)Supposing/Suppose(suppose) she doesn’t come，what shall we do?

　　(2)The message is very important，so it is supposed to be sent(send) as soon as possible.

　　(3)Community organizers are supposed(suppose) to speak truth to the public.

　　(4)You’re supposed to have attend(attend) yesterday’s meeting.

　　5

　　多维训练

　　单句语法填空

　　(1)He was the first comedian I ever saw on the stage.

　　(2)At this stage in the development of the theory，Tom made a contribution.

　　(3)Stage by stage，they were getting close to the intersection.

　　(4)Today we have reached a stage where/on which we can do shopping without going out.

　　6

　　多维训练

　　单句语法填空

　　(1)They equipped themselves with a pair of sharp axes and set off for the forest.

　　(2)She was fully equipped for the climbing.

　　(3)Your education will equip you for your future life.

　　(4)This is a large factory whose task is to produce automatic equipment(equip).

　　7

　　多维训练

　　单句语法填空

　　(1)We reacted against the limitations of us.

　　(2)How do you react to this modern artist’s paintings?

　　(3)Many plants could move northward and toward the Pacific coast in reaction(react) to rising temperatures and changes in rainfall.

　　8

　　多维训练

　　(1)单句语法填空

　　①I was astonished to see(see) him here.

　　②You look astonished at/by the news.

　　③It is astonishing(astonish) to hear him say so.

　　④He stared in complete astonishment at the child and held on to the pot for support.

　　⑤To my astonishment，he was the first to come.

　　⑥We were astonished(astonish) to find the temple still in its original condition.

　　(2)一句多译

　　①她几乎没改变令我惊讶。

　　It astonished me that she had changed so little.(it作形式主语)

　　What astonished me was that she had changed so little.(what引导主语从句)

　　I was astonished that she had changed so little.(astonished adj.)

　　②这消息使他很吃惊。

　　The news astonished him.(astonish v.)

　　He was astonished by/at the news.(astonished adj.)

　　The news was astonishing to him.(astonishing adj.)

　　9 Two­thirds of the earth’s surface is water.

　　地球表面的三分之二是水。

　　1分数、百分数或half of/part of/the rest of＋n./pron.作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由后面的n./pron.决定。

　　2one of＋n./pron.作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

　　3表示“时间、重量、长度、距离、金钱”等的名词的复数形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，这时作主语的这些名词看作一个整体。

　　(1)Forty percent of my task has been done.

　　我的任务已经完成百分之四十。

　　(2)30 percent of the students in our class are girls.

　　我们班有百分之三十的同学是女生。

　　(3)Five minutes isn’t enough to finish this test.

　　要完成这个测试5分钟是不够的。

　　多维训练

　　(1)单句语法填空

　　①Sixty percent of the members present at the meeting are(be) old people.

　　②Twenty dollars is(be) enough.

　　③One of the books is(be) about English grammar.

　　④One­third of the country is covered(cover) with trees and the majority of the citizens are black people.

　　(2)单句改错

　　Ninety percent of the work have been done.have→has

　　10 The closer you are，the more you’ll see.

　　你离得越近，看到的就越多。

　　“the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...”句型：

　　1意为“越……就越……”，表示主、从句的两个谓语是同时进行的，一方随另一方程度的变化而变化。

　　2从结构上看，第一个“the＋比较级”是表示条件的状语从句；在表示将来意义的情况时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。第二个“the＋比较级”是主句，用一般将来时。

　　3本结构中常用省略结构。

　　(1)The longer the war lasts，the more the people there will suffer.

　　战争持续得越久，那里的人们受难就越多。

　　(2)The sooner (you do it)，the better (it will be).

　　越快越好。

　　多维训练

　　(1)完成句子

　　①The more(越多) you eat，the fatter(越胖) you will be.

　　②The longer(越长) you stay, the better(越好) (it will be).

　　(2)单句改错

　　The harder you study，the more better your study will be.去掉more

　　11 I never used to enjoy science，but last year I changed schools，and the science teachers at my new school are excellent.我以前一点都不喜欢科学，但去年我转学了，并且新学校里教科学的老师都很优秀。

　　used to do...过去常常做……

　　be used to doing...习惯于做……

　　be used to do...被用来做……

　　(1)We used to work more than ten hours a day.

　　我们过去常常每天工作十个小时以上。

　　(2)I am not used to eating so much at lunchtime.

　　我不习惯午饭吃那么多。

　　(3)The wood can be used to make desks and chairs.

　　木材能被用来制作桌椅。

　　[特别提醒]

　　含有used to的句子的否定式和疑问式有两种形式：

　　主语＋didn’t use to...或主语＋usedn’t to...

　　Did＋主语＋use to do...？或Used＋主语＋to do...?

　　He didn’t use/usedn’t to come.他过去不常来。

　　Did there use to be/Used there to be a hotel on that corner?

　　那个拐角处过去有家宾馆吗？

　　[词义辨析]　used to，would

　　(1)used to强调过去经常做，现在不做了，既可以表示动作也可以表示状态。

　　(2)would多表示动作，并不暗示现在如何。

　　多维训练

　　(1)用used to，would填空

　　①Whenever Tim was angry，he would eat a lot.

　　②The successful young man used to be a naughty boy.

　　(2)单句语法填空

　　①She used to wash(wash) dishes in a restaurant.

　　②You’ll soon get used to speaking(speak) in public.

　　③The information is used to develop(develop) games and quizzes for the site.

　　Ⅰ.语境填词

　　1.When camping or picnicking，use facilities(设备) provided.(2015·江苏)

　　2.Mothers should balance(平衡) their time for work and rest.(2015·四川)

　　3.I wonder how he would react(反应) if I were to read my newspaper out loud on the train.(2015·重庆)

　　4.For example，people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness，to expand(扩大) their range of experiences.(2015·江苏)

　　5.Small talk can help people form(形成) new friendships.(2015·安徽)

　　6.As an old saying goes，living without a clear and achievable aim(目标) is like sailing without a compass.(2015·重庆)

　　7.As we walked up to her，my son became intimidated by all the blood and medical equipment(装备).(2017·福建)

　　8.She is an ordinary(普通的) woman but she is really worth respecting.(2017·广东)

　　9.The project aims to get kids to a stage(阶段) called “deep reading”，where they can read to learn.(2017·山东)

　　10.Tony can hardly boil(煮) an egg，still less cook dinner.(2017·新课标全国Ⅰ)

　　Ⅱ.单句语法填空

　　1.In conclusion，I like being praised，but I know sometimes it’s not always good.(2015·湖南)

　　2.Anger can be identified in the brain，where the electrical(electricity) activity changes.(2017·江苏)

　　3.The aim is to mix the physical with the digital，providing 24­hour services which can be used through many different ways.(2011·四川)

　　4.The well­known lecturer(lecture) will give us a lecture on literature next week.

　　5.The astonished(astonish) look on his face suggested that he was astonished at the astonishing news.

　　Ⅲ.短语填空

　　add...to...，go ahead，be supposed to，keep...out of，put...in order，find out，be proud of，to one’s astonishment

　　1.We must find out when Karl is coming，so we can book a room for him.(2015·重庆)

　　2.The inspections were supposed to be a surprise，but keepers sometimes had advance notice.(2015·湖南)

　　3.Add money to your ID and play chess.(2017·天津)

　　4.Compared with the escaped driver，I am proud of what I did.(2017·湖北)

　　5.The police examined their car and allowed them to go ahead.

　　6.Put everything in order before you leave the room.

　　7.We are always trying to keep the dogs out of our bedroom.

　　8.To Mary’s astonishment，John married another girl instead of Rose.

　　Ⅳ.完成句子

　　1.They gave money to the old people’s home either personally or through their companies.(2015·安徽)

　　他们或者亲自或者通过他们的公司给敬老院送钱。

　　2.The more I understood fish，the more I became effective at finding and catching them.(2015·广东)

　　我对鱼了解得越多，我在发现鱼和捕鱼方面就更有成效。

　　3.I don’t think it is necessary to tell you about it.

　　我认为没有必要告诉你这件事。

　　4.Here comes the teacher who is famous for his sense of humor.

　　因为幽默而出名的那位老师来了。

　　5.Three fifths of the products are exported to Japan.

　　五分之三的商品出口到日本。

　　写作素材(关于改变)

　　1.李华过去经常上学迟到，他的父母认为他应该努力学习。

　　2.自从他参加了一次讲座之后，他改变了许多。

　　3.他已经学会了如何平衡学习和休息。

　　4.他的目标是成为一名大学生。

　　5.因为这样，他的父母为他感到自豪。

　　提示　黑体部分用本单元词汇表达，并且请使用that引导的宾语从句，不定式作表语。

　　连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)

　　Li Hua used to go to school late and his parents thought that he was supposed to study hard.Since he attended a lecture，he has changed a lot.He has learned how to balance study and rest.His aim is to become a university student.Because of this，his parents are proud of him.