2016年湖北武汉市高考英语阅读理解二轮基础训练（55）（含答案）
阅读理解—主旨大意题、标题概括题。
(2015年山西太原五中月考)
Deborah Cohen is a senior natural scientist at the Rand Corp and the author of the book A Big Fat Crisis: The Hidden Forces Behind the Obesity Epidemic and How We Can End It. According to the book, there are lots of misunderstandings of obesity.
If you're obese, blame your genes.
Obesity rates have increased. Yet, between 1980 and 2000, the number of Americans who are obese has doubled—too quickly for genetic factors to be responsible.
At restaurants, a dollar puts more calories on our plates than ever before, because restaurant meals usually have more calorie than what we prepare at home, so people who eat out more frequently have higher rates of obesity than those who eat out less.
If you're obese, you lack self-control.
Research shows that if we are faced with too much information, we have a tendency to make poor dietary choices. Our world has become so rich in temptation that we can be led to consume too much in ways we can't understand. Even the most vigilant(警觉的) people may not be up to the task of controlling themselves.
Lack of access to fresh fruits and vegetables is responsible for obesity.
Although the US Department of Agriculture estimates that fewer than 5 percent of Americans live in the “ food deserts”, about 65 percent of the nation's population is overweight or obese. For most of us, obesity is not related to access to more fresh fruits and vegetables, but to the choices we make in supermarkets.
The problem is not that we eat too much, but that we don't exercise.
Michelle Obama's “Let's Move” campaign is based on the idea that if kids exercise more, childhood obesity rates will decrease. But there was no significant decrease in physical activity levels as obesity rates climbed in the 1980s and 1990s. In fact, although a drop in work-related physical activity may account for up to 100 fewer calories burned, leisure physical activity appears to have increased. The problem is that we eat too much.
The author mentioned Deborah Cohen's book in Paragraph 1 to
.
Introduce the topic
Draw readers' attention
Introduce the author of the book
Advertise the book
What is the relationship between obesity and the place where you eat?
The less you eat out, the higher rates of obesity you have
The less you eat at home, the lower rates of obesity you have.
The more you eat out, the higher rates of obesity you have.
The more you eat at home, the higher rates of obesity you have.
What's the best title of this passage?
Four misunderstandings of obesity
Four rules to help you avoid obesity
Obesity leads to a big fat crisis
Lacking self-control leads to obesity
语篇解读
本文通过一本书告诉我们关于肥胖的四个误区。
A 细节推断题。根据第一段According to the book, there are lots of misunderstandings of obesity.可知，根据这本书有许多关于肥胖的误区 ，下面举了四个误区，故选A项。
C 细节理解题。根据第一个误区中的because restaurant meals usually have more calories than what we prepare at home ,so people who eat out more frequently have higher rates of obesity than those who eat out less.可知，因为餐馆的菜的热量比家里的菜的热量高很多，因此在餐馆吃的次数越多，获得的热量就越高，故选C项。
A 主旨大意题。本文讲述通过一本书，提到关于肥胖的四个误区，故选A项。
阅读理解。
An “apple polisher” is one who gives gifts to win friendship or special treatment. It is not exactly a bribe(贿赂), but is close to it.
All sorts of people are “apple polishers”， including politicians and people in high offices—just about everybody. Oliver Cromwell, the great English leader, offered many gifts to win the support of George Fox and his party, but failed.
There are other phrases meaning the same thing as ?applepolishing?—?softsoaping? or ?butteringup?. A gift is just one way to ?softsoap? somebody, or to “butter him up”. Another that is just as effective is flattery, giving someone high praise—telling him how good he looks, or how well he speaks, or how talented and wise he is.
Endless are the ways of flattery. Who does not love to hear it? Only an unusual man can resist the thrill of being told how wonderful he is. In truth, flattery is good medicine for most of us, who get so little of it.
We need it to be more sure of ourselves. It cannot hurt unless we get carried away by it. But if we just lap it up for its good value and nourishment, as a cat laps up milk, then we can still remain true to ourselves.
Sometimes, however, flattery will get you nothing from one who has had too much of it. A good example is the famous 12th century legend of King Canute of Denmark and England. The king got tired of listening to endless sickening flattery of his courtiers(朝臣). They overpraised him to the skies, as a man of limitless might.
He decided to teach them a lesson. He took them to the seashore and sat down. Then he ordered the waves to stop coming in. The tide was too busy to listen to him. The king was satisfied. This might show his followers how weak his power was and how empty their flattery was.
1．Which of the following activities has nothing to do with “applepolishing”？
A．A boy tells his girlfriend how pretty she looks.
B．An employee tells her boss how good he is at management.
C．A knight is said to be of limitless power by his followers.
D．A teacher praises her students for their talent and wisdom.
2．What does the writer want to prove with Cromwell's example?
A．Everybody can be an apple polisher.
B．Cromwell was not a good apple polisher.
C．George Fox and his party were not apple polishers.
D．There are people who don't like being applepolished.
3．Which of the following statements about flattery is TRUE according to the author?
A．Too much flattery can carry us away.
B．Flattery is too empty to do people any good.
C．Flattery can get you nothing but excessive(过度的) pride.
D．Flattery is one of the ways to applepolished people.
4．Why did King Canute of Denmark and England take his followers to the seashore?
A．Because he was sick of his normal life.
B．Because he disliked being overpraised any more.
C．Because he wanted them to realize how wise he was.
D．Because he wanted them to see how weak he was as a king.
5．Who does the author think that flattery can do good to?
A．Those who are politicians or in high offices.
B．Those who lack confidence.
C．Those who are really excellent.
D．Those who think highly of themselves.
【要点综述】本文论述了现代社会存在的一个普遍现象，人们往往为了自己的一点儿利益去送礼或者说一些阿谀奉承的话，当然有时即使这样做了也未必就能实现自己的愿望。
1．D 推理判断题。根据“An ‘apple polisher’ is one who gives gifts to win friendship or special treatment.”可知，一个老师表扬学生并不是想得到什么好处。故选D项。
2．A 细节理解题。根据“All sorts of people are ‘apple polishers’，including politicians and people in high offices—just about everybody.Oliver Cromwell，the great English leader，offered many gifts to win the support of George Fox and his party，but failed.”可知，高层的领导者也有拍马屁的人，可以想象每个人都可能是这种人。故选A项。
3．D 细节理解题。根据“An ‘apple polisher’ is one who gives gifts to win friendship or special treatment.”和“A gift is just one way to ‘softsoap’ somebody，or to ‘butter him up’．Another that is just as effective is flattery…”可知选D项。
4．B 细节理解题。根据“The king got tired of listening to endless sickening flattery of his courtiers(朝臣)．”可知国王厌烦了朝臣们的阿谀奉承，故选B项。
5．B 细节理解题。根据“In truth， flattery is good medicine for most of us，who get so little of it.We need it to be more sure of ourselves.It cannot hurt unless we get carried away by it.”可知，对于缺乏自信的人来说，奉承是有好处的。故选B项。
2016高考训练题。阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。Cold, snowy days are calling your kids outdoors. Find fun winter activities for the slopes, trails, ice rink, and backyard for children of all ages. Remember to go over the knowledge of winter sports safety. Have the hot cocoa ready when everyone comes back inside!
Skiing
Downhill and cross-country skiing are family favorites during the winter months. Some children start skiing as young as age 2 or 3, but the best age is probably about 5, when kids are more coordinated （协调的）and less afraid of falling. Young downhill skiers can hit the bunny slopes or green circle trails but should have an adult with them. Ski lessons can help your child learn the ropes. It’s wise to wear a helmet in case of falls or collisions.
Snowboarding
As with skiing, little ones can start snowboarding young, but few children try before age 5 or 6. Snowboarding is most popular among teens because they have the strength and skills to stay uptight and try more tricks. Lessons and safety equipment, including a helmet, knee pads, wrist guards, and hip pads, are suggested because snowboarders of all ages have their share of falls.
Snow Angels
Soft snow? Cheek. Snow suit? Cheek. That’s all the gear kids of any age need to lie down and create a snow angel just like they would do a jumping jack. Make this simple activity extra fun by using materials to decorate your angel, such as food coloring to draw on a face, and old clothes to dress it up. Why should snowmen have all the fun?
Ice Skating
This slippery activity will be tricky for newcomers. But once they get the hang of it, they might get lost. Age 4 or 5 is a nice time to begin skating or take lessons. Most children wear figure skates or hockey skates to start out. After they get more into skating, they can try the sports of speed skating, ice dancing, figure skating, or hockey. Have beginners wear a helmet, and offer them a hand to help with balance.
1. Alice likes snow very much but hates danger, which or the following suits her?
A. Skiing.
B. Snowboarding.
C. Snow Angels.
D. Ice Skating.
2. Which of the following seems to be a must in most snow-related activities?
A. Knee pads
B. Hip pads.
C. Wrist guards.
D. Helmet.
3. From the above passage we can learn that ________.
A. ice skating may be a bit difficult for beginners
B. being good at ice skating takes no time
C. ice skating is more difficult than speed skating
D. beginners of ice skating does not necessarily wear a helmet
参考答案1—3、CDA
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中，选出最佳选项。
Harvard University named historian Drew Gilpin Faust as its first female president on Sunday, ending a lengthy and secretive search to find a successor（接任者）to Lawrence Summers .
The seven-member Harvard Corporation elected Faust, a noted scholar on History of the American South and dean of Harvard’s Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, as the university’s 28th president.
“This is a great day, and a historic day for Harvard,” James R. Houghton, chairman of the presidential search committee, said in a statement. “Drew Faust is an inspiring and accomplished leader, a superb scholar, a dedicated（献身的) teacher, and a wonderful human being.”
Her selection is noteworthy given the heated debates over Summers’ comments that genetic differences between the sexes might help explain the lack of women in top science jobs.
Faust has been dean of Radcliffe since 2001, two years after the former women’s college was combined into the university as a research center with a mission to study gender issues(性别问题).
Some professors have quietly groused that the 371-year-old university is appointing a fifth president who is not a scientist. No scientist has had the top job since James Bryant Conant retired in 1953; its last four have come from the fields of classics, law, literature and economics.
Faust is the first Harvard president who did not receive a degree from the university since Charles Chauncy, a graduate of Cambridge University, who died in office in 1762. She attended the University of Pennsylvania.
“Teaching staff turned to her constantly,” said Sheldon Hackney, a former president of the University of Pennsylvania and historian who worked closely with Faust. “She’s very clear. She has a sense of humor, but she’s very strong-minded. You come to trust in her because she’s so solid.”
1. Which might be the best title for the passage?
A. Harvard named its 1st female president.
B. History of Harvard University changed.
C. Debates on female equality ended.
D. Drew Gilpin Faust, a famous woman historian.
2. Which is NOT true about Drew Gilpin Faust?
A. She is the 28th president of Harvard University.
B. She is a famous scholar from the American South.
C. She isn’t a graduate from Harvard University.
D. She was head of Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study.
3. Lawrence Summers held the view that
A. women cannot achieve as much as men in management
B. women cannot hold important positions in society
C. women can match men in science jobs
D. few women make top scientists owing to genes
4. The underlined word “groused” in the 6th paragraph means
A. approved
B. commented
C. complained
D. indicated
5. This passage probably appears in a
A. biography
B. personal letter
C. research paper
D. newspaper report
【参考答案】1—5、ABDCD
1,3,5