2016年陕西汉中市高考英语二轮阅读理解选练（19）（含答案）
阅读理解Who Owns the Moon?
Within the next ten years, the U. S. , China, Israel, and a crowd of private companies plan to set up camp on the moon. So if and when they plant a flag, does that give them property(财产)rights?
A NASA working group hosted a discussion this week to ask: Who owns the moon? The answer, of course, is no use. The Outer Space Treaty, the international law signed by more than 100 countries, states that the moon and other celestial bodies(天体)are the province of all mankind. No doubt that would annoy all of the people throughout the ages, like monks from the Middle Ages, who have tried to claim the moon was theirs.
But ownership is different from property rights. People who rent apartments, for example, don’t own where they live, but they still hold rights. So with all of the upcoming missions(派遣团)to visit the moon and beyond, space industry thought leaders are seriously asking themselves how to deal with a potential land rush.
“This is a very relevant discussion right now. We’ve got this wave of new lunar missions from around the world, ”said William Marshall, a scientist in the small-spacecraft office at NASA, but who spoke this week at an event hosted by NASA’s Co Lab, a collaborative(协力完成的)public-private working group. He was speaking from his personal interest and not on behalf of the agency.
To be sure, the United States aims to send astronauts back to the moon by as early as 2015, in a mission that would include a long-term settlement. China and Israel, among others, are also working on lunar projects. And for the first time, several private groups are building spacecraft to land on the moon in an attempt to win millions of dollars in the Google Lunar X Prize. Some participants say that they plan to gain some property rights in the mission.
【文章大意】本文介绍了世界范围内的登陆月球热, 以及作者对这种现象的担忧。
1. In the passage the writer seems to be worrying that .
A. the US will live on the moon forever
B. the moon will not be able to hold all mankind
C. the potential land rush will become more and more frequent
D. no one can answer the question“Who owns the moon? ”
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段space industry thought leaders are seriously asking themselves how to deal with a potential land rush一句可知太空行业认为领导人们正严肃地问自己如何应对潜在的登陆热, 这也表达了作者的担心。
2. “The Google Lunar X Prize”aims to .
A. encourage private groups to land on the moon
B. help NASA host a discussion about land rush on the moon
C. help some developing countries to complete their lunar projects
D. reward some countries or private groups which haven’t stepped on the moon
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据最后一段several private groups are building spacecraft to land on the moon in an attempt to win millions of dollars in the Google Lunar X Prize一句可知Google Lunar X Prize用来鼓励私人团体登陆月球。
3. The underlined word“that”in the first paragraph refers to .
A. the Outer Space Treaty
B. if and when they plant a flag
C. the NASA working group
D. monks from the Middle Ages
【解析】选B。词义猜测题。that代指前句中的if and when they plant a flag。本句意为: 如果当他们在月球上插上一面国旗时, 这会赋予他们领土所有权么?
4. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
A. The U. S. astronauts will live on the moon for a longer time.
B. Many countries and private groups plan to go to the moon.
C. Why some private groups wish to land on the moon.
D. It is easy to gain some property rights on the moon.
【解析】选B。主旨大意题。最后一段主要介绍了世界上一些国家及私人团体或个人正计划登陆月球。
2016高考模拟题。阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。Silence is unnatural to man. He begins life with a cry and ends it in stillness. In between he does all he can to make a noise in the world, and he fears silence more than anything else. Even his conversation is an attempt to prevent a fearful silence. If he is introduced to another person, and a number of pauses occur in the conversation, he regards himself as a failure, a worthless person, and is full of envy of the emptiest headed chatterbox (喋喋不休的人). He knows that ninety-nine percent of human conversation means no more than the buzzing of a fly, but he is anxious to join in the buzz and to prove that he is a man and not a waxwork figure (蜡塑人像).
The aim of conversation is not, for the most part, to communicate ideas; it is to keep up the buzzing sound. There are, it must be admitted, different qualities of buzz; there is even a buzz that is as annoying as the continuous noise made by a mosquito (蚊子). But at a dinner party one would rather be a mosquito than a quiet person. Most buzzing, fortunately, is pleasant to the ear, and some of it is pleasant even to the mind. He would be a foolish man if he waited until he had a wise thought to take part in the buzzing with his neighbors.
Those who hate to pick up the weather as a conversational opening seem to me not to know the reason why human beings wish to talk. Very few human beings join in a conversation in the hope of learning anything new. Some of them are content if they are merely allowed to go on making a noise into other people’s ears, though they have nothing to tell them except that they have seen two or three new plays or that they had food in a Swiss hotel At the end of an evening during which they have said nothing meaningful for a long time, they just prove themselves to be successful conservationists
1. According to the author, people make conversation to ______
A. exchange ideas
B. prove their value
C. achieve success in life
D. overcome their fear of silence
2. By "the buzzing of a fly" (Para. 1), the author means"________”
A. the noise of an insect
B. a low whispering sound
C. meaningless talks
D. the voice of a chatterbox
3. According to the passage, people usually talk to their neighbors ______.
A. about whatever they have prepared
B. about whatever they want to
C. in the hope of learning something new
D. in the hope of getting on well
4. What is the author's purpose in writing the passage? ________.
A. To discuss why people like talking about weather.
B. To encourage people to join in conversations.
C. To persuade people to stop making noises.
D. To explain why people keep talking.
参考答案1—4、DCBD
阅读理解。阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
One evening in February 2007. A student named Paula Ceely brought her car to a stop on a remote in Wales. She got out to open a metal gate that blocked her path . That's when she heard the whistle sounded by the driver of a train. Her Renault Clio parked across a railway line. Second later, she watched the train drag her car almost a kilometre down the railway tracks.
Ceely's
near miss
made the news because she blamed it on her GPS device(导航仪).She had never driven the route before .It was dark and raining heavily. Ceely was relying on her GPS. But it made no mention of the crossing. "I put my complete trust in the device and it led me right into the path of a speeding train," she told the BBC.
W ho is to blame here? Rick Stevenson, who tells Ceely's story in his book When Machines Fail US, finger at the limitations of technology. We put our faith in digital devices, he says,
But our digital helpers are too often not up to the job. They are filled with small problems. And it’s not just GPS devices: Stevenson takes us on a tour of digital disasters involving everything from mobile phones to wireless key boards.
The problem with his argument in the book is that it’s
not clear why he only focuses digital technology, while
there may be a number of other possible
causes. A map-maker might have left the crossing off a paper map. Maybe we should blame Ceely for not paying attention. Perhaps the railway authorities are at fault for poor signaling system. Or maybe someone has studied the relative dangers and worked out that there really is something specific wrong with the CPS equipment. But Stevenson doesn’t say.
It’s a problem that runs through the book. In a section on cars, Stevenson gives an account of the advanced techniques that criminals use to defeat computer-based locking systems for cars. He offers two independent sets of figures on car theft; both show a small rise in some parts of the country. He says that once once again not all new locks have proved reliable. Perhaps, but maybe it’s also due to the shortage of policemen on the streets. Or changing social circumstances. Or some combination of these factors.
The game between humans and their smart devices is complex. It is shaped by economics and psychology and the cultures we live in. Somewhere in the mix of those forces there may be way a wiser use of technology.
If there is such a way, it should involve more than just an awareness of the shortcomings of our machines. After all, we have lived with them for thousands of years. They have probably been fooling us for just as long.
(
) 1 .What did Paula Ceely think was the cause of her accident?
A. She was not familiar with the road.
B. It was dark and raining heavily then.
C. The railway works failed to give the signal.
D. Her GPS device didn’t tell her about the crossing
(
) 2. The phrase “near miss” (paragraph 2) can best be replaced by _______.
A. close bit B. heavy loss C. narrow escape D. big mistake
(
) 3. Which of the following would Rick Stevenson most probably agree with?
A. Modern technology is what we can’t live without.
B. Digital technology often falls short of out expectation.
C. Digital devices are more reliable than they used to be.
D. GPS error is not the only cause for Celery’s accident.
(
) 4. In the writer’s opinion, Stevenson’s argument is________.
A. one-sided
B. reasonable
C. puzzling
D. well-based
(
) 5.What is the real concern of the writer of this article?
A. The major causes of traffic accidents and car thefts.
B. The relationship between humans and technology
C. The shortcomings of digital devices we use.
D. The human unawareness of technical problems.
【参考答案】1---5、DCBAB
阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(2017·溧阳模拟)
An Israeli law banning too-skinny models went into effect with the start of 2017. The law, approved last March in Israel, requires models to prove they have maintained a Body Mass Index(BMI)of at least 18. 5 for three months before a fashion show. That means a woman who is 5’8”tall can weigh no less than 119 pounds.
“This law is another step in the war against eating disorders, ”said physician Adatto. “Underweight models, ”he explained, “can no longer serve as role models for innocent young people who copy their false image of being skinny. ”
But some critics in this country say it is misguided, focusing on weight instead of health. They also say the Israeli ban is bound to fail because of the strong power of the fashion industry. “I think it’s an approach that isn’t going to work, ”said eating disorder expert Susan Ice, who worked with an organization which creates a healthy working environment for models.
But Adatto told the reporter that he began to concern the issue after meeting an aspiring model who looked like she needed to be hospitalized. He said, “I realized that only legislation(立法)can change the situation. There was no time to waste; so many girls were dieting to death. ”
However, the efforts to regulate model’s weight in Spain and Italy have not resulted in part because of difficulties in determining reliable methods of measuring weight and health.
Still, folks including Ice say there’s no denying that images from Hollywood and the fashion industry can be difficult for young women to deal with. “Certainly I don’t believe the modeling industry has caused the rise in eating disorders, but it makes it harder, ”she says. “It’s a difficult recovery environment, worshiping thinness as the beauty ideal. ”
【文章大意】本文讲述了以色列出台了一项新法律, 限制模特太瘦, 此项新法律引起了争议。
1. What does BMI in the first paragraph refer to?
A. A measure of body health based on height and weight.
B. A worldwide prize for the healthier model.
C. A new show held by those skinny models.
D. A kind of medicine to cure eating disorders.
【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据该词后面的at least 18. 5 for three months before a fashion show(在时装表演前至少三个月达到18. 5)可知BMI是一个标准, 所以A项正确。BMI指“身体质量指数”。
. One benefit the new Israeli law may bring is.
A. to change the working conditions of models
B. to lower the chance of skinny model’s death
C. to prevent models from suffering from eating disorders
D. to provide guidance for women worshiping thinness
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“This law is another step in the war against eating disorders”可知C项正确。
. In the opinion of the critics, the law won’t succeed because.
A. it misleads young women to form a bad eating habit
B. the fashion industry is much too influential
C. it doesn’t provide a proper approach that can work well
D. it doesn’t create a healthy working environment for models
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第三段中的“They also say the Israeli ban is bound to fail because of the strong power of the fashion industry. ”可知B项正确。
. According to the passage, the new Israeli law banning skinny models is.
A. practicalB. acceptable
C. reasonable D. controversial
【解析】选D。观点态度题。本文讲述以色列出台一项法律限制模特过瘦, 文中陈述了正反两种观点, 一种赞成, 一种反对, 所以此项新法律是有争议的。