河南罗山县2017高考英语阅读理解一轮精编题
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Many Americans are turning to Japan, they think, a country of high academic achievement and economic success, for possible answers. However, the answers provided by Japanese preschools are not the ones Americans expected to find. In most Japanese preschools, surprisingly little emphasis is put on academic instruction. In one survey, 300 Japanese and 210 American preschool teachers, child development specialists, and parents were asked about various aspects of early childhood education. Only 2 percent of the Japanese respondents (答问卷者)listed “to give children a good start academically” as one of their top three reasons for a society to have preschools. In contrast, over half the American respondents chose this as one of their top three choices. To prepare children for successful careers in the first grade and beyond, Japanese preschools do not teach reading, writing, and mathematics, but rather skills such as determination, concentration, and the ability to work as a member of a group. The huge majority of young Japanese children are taught to read at home by their parents.
Like in America, there is diversity (多样性)in Japanese early childhood education. Some Japanese kindergartens have specific aims, such as early musical training or potential development. In large cities, some kindergartens are attached to universities that have elementary and secondary schools. Some Japanese parents believe that if their young children attend a university-based program, it will increase the children’s chances of eventually being admitted to top-rated (一流的)schools and universities. Several more progressive programs have introduced free play as a way out for the heavy intellectualizing (智能化)in some Japanese kindergartens.
1. We learn from the first paragraph that many Americans believe______.
A. Japanese parents are more involved in preschool education than American parents
B. Japan’s economic success is a result of its scientific achievements
C. Japanese preschool education emphasizes academic instruction
D. Japan’s higher education is superior to theirs
2. In Japan’s preschool education, the focus is on______.
A. preparing children academically
B. developing children’s artistic interests
C. developing children’s potential
D. shaping children’s character
3. Why do some Japanese parents send their children to university-based kindergartens?
A. They can do better in their future studies.
B. They can make more group experience grow there.
C. They can be self-centered when they grow up.
D. They can have better chances of getting a top-rated education.
4. Free play has been introduced in some Japanese kindergartens in order to______.
A. broaden children’s knowledge
B. train children’s creativity
C. lighten children’s study load
D. enrich children’s experience
【参考答案】1—4、CDDC
阅读理解。
You may not pay much attention to your daily elevator ride. Many of us use a lift several times during the day without really thinking about it. But Lee Gray, PhD, of the University of North Carolina, US, has made it his business to examine this overlooked form of public transport. He is known as the “Elevator Guy”.
“The lift becomes this interesting social space where etiquette (礼仪) is sort of odd (奇怪的),” Gray told the BBC. “They [elevators] are socially very interesting but often very awkward places.”
We walk in and usually turn around to face the door. If someone else comes in, we may have to move. And here, according to Gray, liftusers unthinkingly go through a set pattern of movements. He told the BBC what he had observed.
He explained that when you are the only one inside a lift, you can do whatever you want – it’s your own little box.
If there are two of you, you go into different corners, standing diagonally (对角线地) across from each other to create distance.
When a third person enters, you will unconsciously form a triangle. And when there is a fourth person it becomes a square, with someone in every corner. A fifth person is probably going to have to stand in the middle.
New entrants to the lift will need to size up the situation when the doors slide open and then act decisively. Once in, for most people the rule is simple – look down, or look at your phone.
Why are we so awkward in lifts?
“You don’t have enough space,” Professor Babette Renneberg, a clinical psychologist at the
Free University of Berlin, told the BBC. “Usually when we meet other people we have about an arm’s length of distance between us. And that’s not possible in most elevators.”
In such a small, enclosed space it becomes very important to act in a way that cannot be construed (理解) as threatening or odd. “The easiest way to do this is to avoid eye contact,” she said.
【】
36.The main purpose of the article is to _____.
A. remind us to enjoy ourselves in the elevator
B. tell us some unwritten rules of elevator etiquette
C. share an interesting but awkward elevator ride
D. analyze what makes people feel awkward in an elevator
【答案】【 解析】37. According to Gray, when people enter an elevator, they usually _____.
A. turn around and greet one another
B. look around or examine their phone
C. make eye contact with those in the elevator
D. try to keep a distance from other people
【答案】【 解析】“from each other to create distance”可 38. Which of the following describes how people usually stand when there are at least two
people in an elevator?
【答案】【 解析】
39. The underlined phrase “size up” in Paragraph 7 is closest in meaning to _____.
A. judge
B. ignore
C. put up with
D. make the best of
【答案】【 解析】size up出现在“when the doors slide open”电梯门开时，“act decisively果断行动”之前，所以应该是判断门内情况的意思，只有judge审度最接近。B“ignore”无视；C“put up with”容忍；D “make the best of” 充分利用。故选A。
40. According to the article, people feel awkward in lifts because of _____.
A. someone’s odd behaviors
B. the lack of space
C. their unfamiliarity with one another
D. their eye contact with one another 【答案】【 解析】根据倒数第二段“You don’t have enough space”可知只有电梯里缺少空间的时候感到尴尬，故选B。
Internet dating has become one of the biggest and most successful business ventures on the Internet．Basically, Internet dating is a way to meet people for either friendship or dating without actually having to meet them in person first．
The first thing to do it you decide to try Internet dating is to build your profile （） which can include your hobbies, hopes for the future, and so on．A photograph is optional, but many sites claim that a photograph increases the number of people who look at your profile．Many Internet dating sites will charge a one-lime registration fee to use their services.
Internet dating makes it possible to meet people from all over the world．You can even narrow the search down to your area by zip code．Another advantage is hat you can communicate by e-mail before you meet in person．Thousands of people have met, fallen in love, and married through Internet dating．It is an excellent way for shy people to meet．It is also a way for people with busy lives to connect with others, and an easy way to meet people who share your interests．
Just as in traditional dating and love, there are some pitfalls to be aware of in Internet dating．The person you have been talking
on the Net may not be who they say they are, Be very aware that there are some people who misrepresent their appearance or private details, such as marital status, income, and so on, for their own reasons．It would no be the first time that someone has been taken in, and talk shows are full of cheating partners who have been caught dating over the Internet in their spare time．Nevertheless, taking a few simple precautions should help ensure tha your Internet dating experience is fun．
．The purpose of writing the passage is to _____．
A．persuade readers to go dating on the Internet
B．inform us how to date on the Internet
C．wan readers against web love
D．introduce Internet dating to us
．Which of the following is a must to make an Internet dating possible?
A．A photo．
B．A profile．
C．Money．
D．Business experience．
．One advantage of Internet dating is tha _____．
A．you can avoid a face-to-face meeting in the beginning
B．you're sure to find a partner with the same interests
C．you'll find absolutely dependable information of others
D．you'll gain fame and money overnight
．What is probably talked about following the last paragraph?
A．Traditional dating． B．Hidden advantages．
C．Safety measures．
D．Romantic love．．The underlined word "pitfalls" n Paragraph
4 most probably means ______
A．rules
B．trends
C．problems D．skills
—5、DBACC
阅读理解。
She’s not afraid of anything. Snakes? No problem. Walking alone in the dark? Easy. We’re not talking about a superhero here -- SM is a 44-year-old mother.
And she’s fearless because she happens to be missing part of her brain: the amygdala(扁桃腺).
Shaped like a pair of almonds sitting in the middle of your brain, the amygdala helps control fear and anxiety. A rare condition called Urbach-Wiethe disease left SM without her amygdala, and seems to have completely erased her sense of fear.
To try to understand how the amygdala works, a team of researchers made their efforts to scare SM. They showed her horror movies and took her to the Waverly Hills Sanatorium Haunted House in Kentucky. She pushed out one of the monsters(巨物) and laughed. SM said she didn’t like snakes, but at a pet store full of poisonous creatures, she kept asking to touch them. When asked to rate her feelings, SM reported feeling surprised or disgusted, but never fearful.
“She tends to approach everything she should be avoiding,” says Justin Feinstein of the
University of Iowa. This means the amygdala could control deeper urges to approach or avoid danger. Other scientists have a different opinion, though.
“I don’t believe you can make a general statement about what the amygdala does by a single case study,” Elizabeth Phelps said. In 2002, Phelps published a study on a similar patient with amygdala damage who still showed fear.
It may sound like fun to be totally fearless, but we get scared for a good reason. “The nature of fear is survival and the amygdala helps us stay alive by avoiding situations, people, or objects that put our life in danger,” Feinstein said. SM was once followed in a park after dark by a man with a knife, and she simply walked away. “It is quite remarkable that she is still alive,” said Feinstein.
【文章大意】
41. SM dares to walk alone in the dark mainly because ____________.
A. she is a superhero
B. she has experienced such conditions a lot
C. she is a mental patient
D. she has no sense of fear
【答案】【 解析】she’s fearless because she happens to be missing part of her brain她失去了扁桃腺没有了害怕的感觉，故选D。
42. Researchers tried their best to frighten SM in order to find ___________.
A. The function of a particular organ
B. SM’s reaction of fear and anxiety
C. The process of removing amygdala
D. A special way to get along with monsters
【答案】【 解析】To try to understand how the amygdala works,研究人员为了找到扁桃腺是如何工作的，故选A。
43. What do we know from the research on SM?
A. It was easy for her to avoid danger.
B. SM never felt fearful but disgusted.
C. SM was frightened by nothing except monsters.
D. SM got along well with the snakes.
【答案】【 解析】SM reported feeling surprised or disgusted, but never fearful.她没有感觉到害怕和厌恶，故选B。
44. What is Elizabeth Phelps’ attitude toward the function of the amygdala based on the research on SM?
A. Indifferent
B. Supportive
C. Disapproving
D. Interested
【答案】【 解析】“I don’t believe you can make a general statement about what the amygdala does by a single case study, 可知Elizabeth Phelps不相信这种实验，故选C。
45. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. People can remove their amygdala to be fearless.
B. SM will be admired because of her bravery.
C. No one can survive if their amygdala is removed.
D. The sense of fear is crucial to humans.
【答案】【 解析】“It is quite remarkable that she is still alive可知恐惧的感觉对人类来说是重要的，故选D。