话题词汇
1．sea n．海
2．ocean n．海洋
3．explorer n．探险家
4．coastline n．海岸线
5．water resource水资源
6．water pollution水污染
7．water shortage水匮乏
8．take up占据
9．protect...from (doing)．..保护……免受……
10．cope with处理
经典语篇
假如你是李晓华，住在江城。你的加拿大笔友Bob来信谈到了他所居住的城市，并希望了解你家乡江城的情况。请你用英语写一封回信。回信须包括下表中的内容。
自然情况 位于长江边、风景优美、适合居住
成就 ①经济发展迅速
②新建了不少工厂、住房、道路等
存在问题 ①水、空气污染
②交通拥挤
对江城发展的看法 (内容由考生自己拟定)
注意：1.回信中不能使用“江城”以外的地名；
2．词数100左右；
3．信的开头与结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Dear Bob，
It’s very kind of you to write to me and let me know about your beautiful city.Now I’d like to tell you something about my hometown Jiangcheng.
Yours，
Xiaohua
佳作欣赏
Dear Bob，
It’s very kind of you to write to me and let me know about your beautiful city.Now I’d like to tell you something about my hometown Jiangcheng.
The city stands on the bank of the Changjiang River.① It is a beautiful place for people to live in.Its economy has been developing rapidly in the past ten years.New factories，houses and roads have been built.②More schools and hospitals are available for its people.However，there are still some problems，such as water and air pollution and heavy traffic in rush hours.In my opinion，Jiangcheng should develop its economy scientifically.I would also think that the growth of its population should be brought under control so that we’ll have a better hometown in future.③
Yours，
Xiaohua
思维发散
1．用stand的同义词改写第①句
The city lies (is situated/located) on the bank of the Changjiang River.
2．将第②句改为there be形式的句子
There have been new factories，houses and roads here.
3．用不定式作状语改写第③句
I would also think that the growth of its population should be brought under control to have a better hometown in future.
Ⅰ.重点单词
A．写作单词
1．arrange (vt.)安排，准备
2．sign (n.)手势；符号
3．actress (n.)女演员
actor (n.)演员
act (vt.)扮演；行动；表现
4．persuade (vt.)说服，劝服
persuasion (n.)说服，劝服
5．deed (n.)行为，行动
6．lecture (n.)讲授，演讲
7．apologise (vi.)道歉
apology (n.)道歉
8．pollute (vt.)使污染
pollution (n.)污染
9．present (vt.)演示；讲演
10．discovery (n.)发现
discover (vt.)发现
11．educate (vt.)教育
education (n.)教育
educator (n.)教育家；教师；教育学家
12．attract (vt.)吸引
attractive (adj.)吸引人的；引人注目的
attraction (n.)吸引；吸引人的事物
13．measure (vi.&vt.)(长度、数量)为；测量
(n.)措施，方法
14．local (adj.)当地的，地方性的
locate (vt.)把……设置(在)；使……坐落(于)
location (n.)地点；位置
15．disagree (vi.)不同意，意见不合
B．阅读单词
16．participate (vi.)参加
participation (n.)参加
17．evaluate (vt.)评估，评价
evaluation (n.)评估，评价
18．collection (n.)收集，收取
collect (vt.)收集，收取
19．frightening (adj.)令人惊恐的，骇人的
frightened (adj.)受到惊吓的，感到害怕的
fright (n.)恐惧，害怕
20．explorer (n.)探险家
explore (vt.)探险，探索
21．eventually (adv.)最终，终于
22．presentday (adj.)当今的，现代的
23．ban (vt.)禁止
24．handle (vt.)对付
25．department (n.)部，系，局，部门
26．solution (n.)解决办法；答案
27．intelligence (n.)智力，理解力
intelligent (adj.)有灵性的，聪明的
28．energetic (adj.)有活力的
energy (n.)活力，精力
29．discount (n.)折扣，减价
30．trick (n.)戏法，把戏
31．length (n.)长度，长
32．terrify (vt.)令人感到恐惧
terrifying (adj.)令人恐惧的
terrified (adj.)感到恐怖的
terror (n.)恐怖，恐惧
33．escape (vi.)逃脱，逃跑
34．survive (vi.)幸存，生存下来
survival (n.)幸存者
35．recover (vi.)恢复正常；康复
recovery (n.)恢复正常；康复
36．scream (vi.)(因恐惧、疼痛、兴奋等)尖声大叫
37．sink (vi.)下沉；沉没
38．recognise (vt.)辨认出
recognition (n.)认出，识别，认可
39．opposite (n.)对立的人(物)；反义词
40．debate (n.)辩论，争论
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．fill out填写
2．set sail启航，远航
3．according to根据，依照
4．get into trouble陷入麻烦，陷入困境
5．make it to到达
6．in search of搜寻，寻找，寻求
7．make a living谋生
8．watch out密切注意；当心，留神
9．all at once突然，忽然
10．pick up取，接载
11．rather than而不是
12．in addition to 除了……之外
13．in the direction of朝着……的方向
Ⅲ.经典句式
1．What if somebody in my group isn’t doing any work?
如果我的团队有人什么工作都不干该怎么办？
2．It’s three times as big underwater.
(冰山)水下部分是水上部分的三倍大。
3．You certainly won’t find a noisier fish.
你肯定再也找不到一条更吵的鱼了。
4．They achieved this long before Columbus ever set sail.
在哥伦布启航以前他们早就完成了这些。
5．One day，my two brothers and I were coming back from the islands，our boat full of fish.
一天，我和我的两个兄弟从海上打鱼归来，船上载满了鱼。
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
The Vikings, 1.whose ancestors came from Scandinavia, were the first Europeans to reach America.They controlled the seas and coasts of Northern Europe for a long time.In 982 AD，a man 2.called(call) Eric the Red was forced to leave Iceland 3.because he had committed a murder and got 4.into trouble，and decided to set sail further west.He reached Greenland and discovered that people could live in the place 5.where he landed.He returned and persuaded some people to go back with him to Greenland.When he set sail once again，only 14 of 25 ships made 6.it to Greenland.Later a man 7.called(call) Biarni set sail from Iceland in search of Eric’s party.Unfortunately，he was blown off course and found himself in an 8.unknown(know) land，from where he eventually reached Greenland.These stories were written down centuries 9.later(late) in Norway and Iceland.They are the first records we have of Europeans 10.sailing(sail) to the Americas.
1
arrange v.安排；筹备plan or organise；整理；排列；布置put...in order
[应试指导] 日常活动类写作高频词汇
(1)arrange to do sth.安排做某事
arrange with sb.about sth./that...就某事和某人商议
arrange for sb.to do sth.安排某人做某事
(2)make arrangements/an arrangement for...为……做安排
(1)Have you arranged to meet Mark this weekend?
你安排好周末与马克会面了吗？
(2)I arranged with my parents that we could borrow their car.
我和父母说好我们可以用他们的汽车。
[特别提醒]
不能说arrange sb.to do sth.，且arrange后跟that从句时，从句中谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。
多维训练
(1)根据提示语填空
Now everything for the conference to be held tomorrow ①has been arranged(已准备就绪)．I have ②arranged for Tom to pick up(安排Tom开车去接) the experts at the airport.Then I’m to ③arrange to meet(安排接见) Mr.Wang.In a word，all ④the arrangements we made(我们做出的安排) were completed.
(2)同义句改写
He arranged for the meeting to be put off for a week.(改为复合句)
He arranged that the meeting (should) be put off for a week.
2
sign v.签署，签名；打手势；n.符号；标志；迹象，征兆；招牌，指示牌
(1)sign in签到；(在旅馆)登记住宿
sign out签退；签名登记离开
sign up for报名参加
sign to sb.to do sth.示意某人做某事
(2)There is a/no sign of/that...有/无迹象表明……
(1)The sign says “Good computers on sale”．
招牌上写道：“优质电脑低价销售”。
(2)The guard signed to me to stop for a moment.
门卫示意我停一下。
(3)Please sign out before you leave.
走的时候，请先签字再离开。
多维训练
(1)写出下列句子中sign的汉语意思
①The sign says “No parking”．指示牌
②Very often dark clouds are a sign of rain.迹象；征兆
③All the guests must sign in on arrival.签到
(2)完成句子
①He has forgotten to sign his name.
他忘了签名了。
②The police looked all around the house，but there was no sign of him.
警察搜查了整幢房子，但没有发现他的踪影。
③She signed up for a course in chemistry.
她报名参加了一门化学课。
3
persuade vt.说服，劝服；使信服；使相信
persuade sb.to do...＝persuade sb.into doing...说服某人做……
persuade sb.not to do...＝persuade sb.out of doing...说服某人不做……persuade sb.of sth./that...使某人相信……
(1)Finally she persuaded him into going to the hospital.
她最终说服他去了医院。
(2)We finally persuaded Ben of the wisdom of the decision.
我们最终使本相信这个决定是明智的。
[特别提醒]
表示“试图说服某人做某事”的其他表达形式：try/attempt to persuade sb.to do...；advise sb.to do...。
多维训练
(1)根据提示语填空
The other day，my husband ①tried to persuade me not to buy/out of buying(试图劝我不买) that coat as he thought it was too long.However，the assistant tried hard to persuade me of the good quality(使我相信优质的质量) and fashionable style of it.Therefore，I couldn’t help being persuaded(被说服) into buying it.So you can see how easy it is to persuade a woman into buying/to buy(说服女人购买) the things that aren’t suitable for her.
(2)单句改错
I managed to persuade my father to give up smoking，but he wouldn’t listen.managed→tried或attempted
4
apologise vi.道歉；谢罪
1apologise to sb.for doing sth.为做某事而向某人道歉
2apology n.道歉；歉意,accept sb.’s apology接受某人的道歉
owe sb.an apology应该向某人表示歉意
make an apology to sb.for...为……向某人道歉
(1)She apologised to me for not replying to my letter in time.
她因为没及时给我回信而向我表示歉意。
(2)I demand an immediate apology from you.
我要求你立即道歉。
(3)I must make an apology to him for not going to his party.
没有参加他的聚会，我得向他道歉。
多维训练
(1)单句语法填空
①I must apologise to you for coming late.
②I make no apology to him for what I said.
③He accepted the apology(apologise) with great generosity.
(2)一句多译
他因自己的粗鲁行为向她道歉。
①He apologised to her for his rude behavior.(apologise)
②He made an apology to her for his rude behavior.(apology)
(3)单句改错
①I owe you apology.you后加an
②Yesterday Michael apologised to his boss for late.for后加being
5
present adj.现存的，当前的；在场的，出席的；n.礼物gift；目前；v.授予give...to；展现，展示；呈现；主持电视或广播节目
[应试指导] (1)at present作为高级词汇替换now；(2)present用作形容词时作后置定语
1be present at出席……
2present sth.to sb.＝present sb.with sth.向某人赠送某物
3make a present of sth.to sb.＝make sb.a present of sth.把某物赠送给某人
for the present＝for the time being目前；暂时
(1)At present I do not have information on the meeting you asked about.
至于是否有你提到的会议，我现在还没有这方面的消息。
(2)Wang Hua，our monitor，presented her with the prepared flowers.
班长王华向她献上了准备好的鲜花。
[图解助记]
[特别提醒]
present作前置定语时意为“目前的”；作后置定语时，意为“出席的，在场的”。
多维训练
(1)单句语法填空
①The mayor presented him with a gold medal at an official city reception.
②We were present at the concert while Tom was absent from it.
③I will leave the matter as it stands for the present.
(2)一句多译
他们向学院赠送了一笔款项以纪念他们的儿子。
①They presented a sum of money to the college in memory of their son.(present v．＋to)
②They presented the college with a sum of money in memory of their son.(present v．＋with)
③They made the college a present of a sum of money in memory of their son./They made a present of a sum of money to the college in memory of their son.(present n．)
6
attract vt.吸引；引来
1attract one’s attention吸引某人的注意,attract sb.to...把某人吸引到……；吸引某人关注……,be attracted by/to被……吸引；喜爱
2attraction n.吸引，吸引力；有吸引力的事物或人
have no attraction for sb.对某人没有吸引力
3attractive adj.有吸引力的；引人注意的
(1)Her new clothes are attracting a lot of attention.
她的新衣服引起了很大关注。
(2)He is always attracted to women older than him.
他总是被年纪比他大的女性迷住。
(3)All this attracted him to the Italian girl.
所有这一切让他对那位意大利女孩产生了好感。
多维训练
(1)单句语法填空
①I have no attraction for him.
②The Great Wall is such a wellknown tourist attraction(attract) that millions of people pour in every year.
③I thought he was very attractive(attract) and obviously very intelligent.
④The tourism resources in this area have been well exploited in the last few years，attracting(attract) tens of thousands of tourists every year.
(2)同义句改写
He was attracted by the beauty and he didn’t want to leave right now.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
Attracted by the beauty，he didn’t want to leave right now.
7
escape v.逃跑，逃离，逃脱get away from；避免，避开avoid；被遗忘to be forgotten，被忽视；泄露；n.逃离，逃脱；泄露
[应试指导] (1)后跟非谓语形式的考查；(2)熟词新义的考查
1escape＋n./doing sth.逃脱了/避免了……
escape from/out of...从……逃脱
sth.escapes/escaped sb.……被某人遗忘；未被注意
2a narrow escape九死一生
(1)He escaped from the enemy’s prison.
他从敌人的监狱里逃了出来。
(2)He had a narrow escape.
他九死一生。
[特别提醒]
注意下面两个短语的区别：
escape from prison越狱(指的是一直在监狱中服刑，但是从服刑中逃跑了)
escape prison逃过牢狱之灾(指的是根本就没有进监狱，幸运逃脱了)
多维训练
(1)写出下列句子中escape的汉语意思
①A prisoner has escaped from a jail in northern England.逃离
②The two officers were extremely lucky to escape serious injury.避开
③It was an actor whose name escaped me for the moment.被遗忘
④Leave a vent(通风口) open to let some moist air escape.泄露
(2)单句语法填空
①You were fortunate enough to escape being fined(fine) for drunk driving，and don’t drink again.
②She longed to escape from her mother’s domination.
8
survive vt.幸存，生存下来；幸免于难to continue to live；比……活的时间长to live longer than；vi.幸存；存活
1survive on靠……存活下来
A survives B A比B活得长
survive sth.幸免于；从……中活过来
2survivor n.幸存者
3survival n.幸存；残存
(1)Just eight passengers survived the plane crash.
在这次飞机失事中仅有8名乘客幸免于难。
(2)There are concerns that the refugees may not survive the winter.
有人担心这些难民活不过冬天。
(3)The custom is a survival from the past.
这种风俗是从过去沿袭下来的。
[特别提醒]
(1)survive本身已表示“幸存；幸免于”，因而不要加多余的in或from。
(2)当survive意为“比……多活多长时间”时，用“A survive(s) B by＋时间”结构表示。
多维训练
(1)单句语法填空
①Mr.White survived his wife by 9 years.
②Many of the peasants managed to survive on tiny plots of corn and beans.
③She was the last survivor(survive) of the family.
(2)单句改错
This drug can help people survive from heart attacks.去掉from
9
recognise v.认识；辨认出make out；意识到；承认admit；赏识，表彰)
1be recognised as/to be被公认为……
It is recognised that...人们公认……
2out of/beyond recognition认不出来
(1)We all recognised her talent for dancing.
我们都肯定她在舞蹈方面的才华。
(2)The girl changed beyond recognition.
这姑娘变得认不出来了。
多维训练
(1)单句语法填空
①Being recognised in public has brought her much trouble，so she is always wearing dark glasses to avoid recognition.(recognize)
②Everyone recognised him as the lawful heir(法定继承人)．
(2)同义句改写
It is recognised that environmental pollution has become one of the most serious problems that people face.(用sth.be recognised to...改写)
Environmental pollution is recognised to have become one of the most serious problems that people face.
(3)单句改错
Deeply sorry，I don’t recognise you at first，for it has been a long time since we last met.don’t→didn’t
10
get into trouble陷入麻烦；陷入困境
get into陷入；养成，染上某种习惯；开始某事；参与
get into the habit of养成……的习惯
get into debt欠债
(1)Even an experienced climber can get into trouble.
哪怕是个有经验的登山者也会陷入困境。
(2)He was eager to get into politics.
他渴望进入政界。
多维训练
用get的短语完成句子
(1)He has got into the habit of(染上……的习惯) smoking.
(2)Be quiet unless you want to get into trouble(惹麻烦)．
(3)Never get into debt(欠债) if you can avoid it.
11
make it to到达，赶上
make it 及时到达；能够出席或到场；获得成功；幸免于难；约定时间
(1)I’m sorry I didn’t make it to your party last night.
对不起，昨晚我没能去参加你的晚会。
(2)I never thought you would make it as an actress.
我从来没想过你会成为一名成功的女演员。
多维训练
写出下列句子中make it的汉语意思
(1)—Excuse me！How can I get to the nearest post office?
—Walk along this road for a few minutes，and you will make it.成功到达
(2)—How can I wake up so early?
—Set the alarm for 5 o’clock，and you’ll make it.成功，搞定
(3)Let’s make it at seven o’clock on Tuesday morning at my office if it is convenient to you.约定时间
12
frightening adj.令人惊恐的，骇人的
多维训练
(1)单句语法填空
①He frightened the old lady into signing the paper.
②He threatened the intruders with a gun and frightened them off/away.
③They’re frightened of losing power.
④He often uses that frightening look to frighten them.(frighten)
⑤Though badly frightened (frighten)，the girl remained outwardly calm.
(2)同义句改写
She wouldn’t come to the zoo because she was frightened of the animals.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
Frightened of the animals，she wouldn’t come to the zoo.
13
participate vi.参加，参与take part in
多维训练
(1)用participate的正确形式填空
Encouraged by the teacher，the participants actively participated in the English speech contest.Their participation inspired the rest of the class to study hard.
(2)同义句改写
She actively participated in local politics.(用part短语改写)
She took an active part in local politics.
14
ban vt.禁止；取缔；n.禁令；谴责
多维训练
单句语法填空
(1)After the accident，he was banned from driving.
(2)He says the proposals may include a ban on drunk driving.
(3)The government is thinking about banning smoking(smoke) on public transport.
15
discount n.折扣，减价；v.打折扣；不重视
多维训练
(1)完成句子
①They give/offer a 10 percent discount on rail travel for students.
他们向坐火车出行的学生提供九折优惠。
②You should accept his statement with a discount.
对他的话你不可全信。
(2)单句改错
They are selling oldfashioned clothes at discount.at后加a
16
measure vt.&vi.测量；衡量，判定价值等assess；n.尺度；措施
多维训练
(1)完成句子
①Please make a suit to my measure(按我的尺寸)．
②His success was in some measure(在某种程度上) due to his being in the right place at the right time.
③We must take measures(必须采取措施) to better the traffic.
(2)单句改错
An earthquake measured 6.5 on the Richter scale occurred last night.measured→measuring
17
recover v.痊愈；康复；找回；重新获得
多维训练
单句语法填空
(1)She soon recovered herself(she) and went on with her lecture.
(2)The boy made a quick recovery(recover) from his cold.
(3)He is fully recovered from the virus.
18
opposite n.对立的人物；反义词；adj.对面的；相反的；prep.与……相对
多维训练
(1)单句语法填空
①His daughter is very athletic as opposed (oppose) to his son.
②She is very much opposed(oppose) to your marrying her.
③He opposed building(build) a new hall.
(2)同义句改写
The government postponed the new proposal because a lot of people were opposed to it.(用with复合结构改写)
With a lot of people opposing the new proposal，the government postponed it.
19
in search of寻找looking for
多维训练
用search及其短语的正确形式填空
(1)Rescue workers searched all night in the hope of finding more survivors.
(2)She searched for him everywhere，but in vain.
(3)We are in search of/making a search for/searching for an experienced and reliable producer of jewellery.
20
pick up捡起，拿起某物；收听；接送某人；收拾；获得；学会；好转；逮捕，抓捕；取回；感染
多维训练
写出下列句子中pick up的汉语意思
(1)Ridley picked up a pencil and fiddled(不停摆弄) with it.拿起
(2)She went over to her parents’ house to pick up some clean clothes.取回
(3)Where did you pick up your English？学会
(4)They’ve picked up a really nasty infection from something they’ve eaten.染上
(5)We can pick up Italian television.接收
(6)Chinese officials hope that trade will pick up when the two countries switch to hard currency.好转
21
There are fantastic shows every two hours.,每两个小时就有奇妙的表演。
句型公式：every＋基数词＋复数名词
every four years＝every fourth year每四年；每隔三年；每第四年
every othersecond...＋单数名词 每隔一……
every few＋复数名词 每隔几……
(1)He comes to see his uncle every third week.
他每三个星期来看望他叔叔一次。
(2)Write on every other line.请隔行写。
多维训练
(1)同义句改写
Take the medicine every six hours.(用序数词改写)
Take the medicine every sixth hour.
(2)单句改错
I go to the gym every other days before work.days→day
22
Some fish can produce sounds almost twice as loud as your speaking voice！,有些鱼发出的声音几乎是你讲话声音的两倍大！
句型公式：twice as...as...
倍数的表达方式：
1倍数＋as...as...
2倍数＋比较级＋than
3倍数＋the size/height/length/width...＋of...
4倍数＋what从句
5倍数＋that of...
(1)The plane flew ten times as high as the kite.
那架飞机的飞行高度是那只风筝的十倍。
(2)Beijing is ten times the size of my hometown.
北京是我家乡的十倍大。
(3)In our county now the grain output is six times that of before liberation.
现在我们县的粮食产量相当于解放前的六倍。
多维训练
(1)同义句改写
The red ruler is three times as long as the yellow one.
①The red ruler is twice longer than the yellow one.(用“倍数＋比较级”改写)
②The red ruler is three times the length of the yellow one.(用“倍数＋the＋n.＋of...”改写)
(2)It’s said that the power plant is now twice as large as what it was(以前的两倍大)．
23
You certainly won’t find a noisier fish.,你肯定再也找不到一条更吵的鱼了。
句型公式：not...＋a/an＋比较级＋名词单数
not find a noisier fish为否定词和比较级连用表达最高级意义。
最高级意义的多种表达法：
(1)比较级＋than＋
(2)否定词＋so/as＋形容词/副词原级＋as
(3)否定词＋形容词/副词比较级(＋than)
(4)the＋形容词/副词最高级
(1)Nothing is so easy as this.
＝Nothing is easier than this.
这是最容易的事。
(2)—Do you think our basketball players played very well yesterday?
—They couldn’t have done better.
——你认为我们的篮球队员昨天打得很好吗？
——他们打得太棒了。
多维训练
一句多译
汤姆是他班上最聪明的学生。
(1)Tom is more intelligent than any other student in his class.
(2)Tom is more intelligent than any of the other students in his class.
(3)Tom is more intelligent than all the other students in his class.
(4)Tom is more intelligent than anyone else in his class.
(5)No one is as intelligent as Tom in his class.
(6)No one is more intelligent than Tom in his class.
(7)Tom is the most intelligent student in his class.
——单句语法填空
(1)I still remember the day when I first came to Jinan.
(2)Can you tell me the office where he works?
(3)Do you know the reason why he came late for class?
(4)I bought a great many books，on which I spent all my money that I saved.
(5)The athlete to whom you talked is a famous runner.
(6)The Changjiang River is the longest(long) river in China.