话题词汇
1．aboard prep.上(船、飞机、火车、汽车等)
2．accommodation n．住宿；膳宿
3．destination n．目的地；终点
4．enjoy v．欣赏；享受乐趣；喜欢
5．guide n．导游；向导
6．luggage/baggage n．行李
7．a place of interest名胜
8．be struck by...被……迷住
9．have a good trip旅行顺利
10．take a picture拍照
经典语篇
假设你参加了某国际旅行团的意大利三市游(罗马—佛罗伦萨—威尼斯)。今天你参观的是佛罗伦萨。请根据下面表格提示，写一篇游记。要求词数100左右。游记格式已经给出，不计入总词数。
参观城市及景点介绍 佛罗伦萨位于……
米开朗基罗广场、大卫塑像、乌菲兹美术馆……
参观感受及旅游计划 敬仰古代伟大的艺术家……
准备明天进行下一城市的参观(威尼斯)
Oct.4th FridayFine
佳作欣赏
Oct.4th FridayFine
Here I am in Florence，a worldfamous tourist city in the middle of Italy.It is not only the most famous cultural art center in Europe，but also the home of the Renaissance.①Firstly，I came to the Piazzale Michelangelo，from where I looked over the beautiful sights of the whole city.Then，standing in the middle of the square is the sculpture of David②，which is the symbol of the city.I couldn’t help showing my respect to the ancient artists.At last，I came to the Uffizi Gallery，where a lot of artworks are displayed by great artists.③
I am so attracted by them that I really want to stay here for a few more days.④However，I must leave for Venice，another famous city in Italy tomorrow morning.
思维发散
1．用as well as改写第①句
It is the home of the Renaissance as well as the most famous cultural art center in Europe.
2．将第②句改为正常语序
Then，the sculpture of David is standing in the middle of the square.
3．用“介词＋which”引导的定语从句改写第③句
At last，I came to the Uffizi Gallery，in which a lot of artworks are displayed by great artists.
4．用过去分词短语作状语改写第④句
So attracted by them，I really want to stay here for a few more days.
Ⅰ.重点单词
A．写作单词
1．major (adj.)较重要的；较严重的
(n.)专业
majority (n.)大多数，多半
2．anxious (adj.)忧虑的，担心的
anxiety (n.)忧虑，担心
3．exactly (adv.)确切地，精确地
exact (adj.)确切的，精确的
4．amaze (vt.)使惊愕(惊奇)
amazing (adj.)令人惊奇的
amazed (adj.)感到惊奇的
5．goal (n.)目的；目标
aim (n.)(同义词)目的；目标
6．excitement (n.)兴奋，激动
excited (adj.)激动的，兴奋的
exciting (adj.)令人兴奋的
7．limit (n.)边界，限度
limited (adj.)有限的
8．hopeless (adj.)没有希望的
hopeful (adj.)有希望的
9．distant (adj.)远处的；久远的
distance (n.)远处；久远；距离
B．阅读单词
10．adventure (n.)奇遇，冒险的经历
11．extra (adj.)特别的；额外的
12．optional (adj.)可选择的，非强制的
13．organisation (n.)团体，组织，机构
organise (vt.)为……作安排/准备；筹备
14．uncomfortable (adj.)不舒服的，不自在的
comfortable (adj.)舒服的，自在的
15．accommodation (n.)住所，住处
accommodate (vt.)能容纳；(宾馆等)能供(客人等)留宿
16．differ (vi.)不同于，有区别
difference (n.)区别
17．extreme (adj.)极度的，极端的
18．similarity (n.)相似性，类似性
similar (adj.)相似的，类似的
19．risk (vt.)冒……的危险
20．various (adj.)各种各样的，不同的
variety (n.)不同，种类
vary (vi.)有不同，呈差异
21．equipment (n.)设备，配备
equip (vt.)装备，配备
22．preference (n.)较喜欢的东西，偏爱
prefer (vt.)更喜欢
23．confuse (vt.)使困惑
confused (adj.)感到困惑的
confusing (adj.)令人迷惑的
24．wealthy (adj.)富有的，富裕的
wealth (n.)富有，财富
25．statement (n.)陈述
state (vt.)陈述，表达
26．quantity (n.)(数)量
27．preparation (n.)准备；预备
prepare (vt.&vi.)准备，为……准备
28．shock (n.&vt.)震惊，惊骇
29．ambition (n.)志向，抱负
ambitious (adj.)有野心的，雄心勃勃的
30．cheerful (adj.)愉快的，高兴的
cheer (vi.)欢呼，使振奋
31．function (vi.)运转；发挥作用
32．patience (n.)耐心；忍耐力
patient (adj.)耐心的
(n.)病人
33．observe (vt.)观察，观测
34．disadvantage (n.)不利，不利条件
advantage (n.)优势，有利条件
35．shelter (n.)遮蔽，庇护所
36．survival (n.)幸存，残存
survive (v.)幸存；生存
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．take off起飞
2．right now就在此刻
3．in order to do sth.目的是，以便
4．turn up出现，到场；把(声音)调大
5．back out决定不履行(承诺的事)
6．get across使理解(某事)
7．in turn轮流，依次
8．break out(坏事)突然发生，爆发
9．put...into prison把……关进监狱
10．stand by坚持(某种说法)
11．on one’s way在途中
12．run out of用完，耗尽
13．carry on继续做某事
14．break down(机器等)损坏，不能运转；身体出毛病，垮掉
15．upside down颠倒地，倒置地
Ⅲ.经典句式
1．Why do you think people would want to go on this trip?
你认为人们为什么会想去进行这次旅行？
2．And our porters carry your luggage, which means that you can simply enjoy the experience.
我们的搬运工会帮你搬运行李，这就意味着你能尽情地享受旅行。
3．Although people enjoyed reading his book，many of them thought that Marco’s stories about China were too fantastic to be true.
虽然人们喜欢读他的书，但是有许多人认为马可写的关于中国的故事太离奇而不可信。
4．Then came the total darkness of the polar winter.
接着漆黑的极地冬夜就开始了。
5．The next to go was Captain Oates，who was having great difficulty walking.
接下来离开的是奥茨上校，他行走有很大的困难。
6．He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges and all his men were on skis.
他让一群狗拉着雪橇而他的所有队员都在滑雪板上。
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
With food 1.cooking(cook) on the fire and a hot cup of coffee in your hand，you relax and watch the sun go down the 2.amazing(amaze) Mount Qomolangma.If you’re looking for experiences like this，Adventure 2000 is the
3organisation(organise) for you.We have experienced guides to make sure the hiking trip is 4.comfortable(comfort) and safe.As 5.well as the group guide，we have cooks and porters,6.which means you can simply enjoy the experience.Good travel 7.arrangements(arrange) are also important.We organize all the 8.flights(flight) and accommodation for you.9.If you don’t want to go straight home afterwards，there’re special offers for you！The hike costs ￡2,500 10.including(include) all flights and accommodation.Maximum group size is 15 people.
1
differ vi.不同；相异；意见相左to disagree with sb.
(1)differ from不同于……；和……不同
differ in在……方面不同
differ with sb.on/about/over sth.在某事上和某人有分歧/异议
(2)make a difference to...和……有差别；对……有影响
tell the difference between A and B
分清A和B
(3)be different from...in...在……方面与……不同
(1)The story he told the police differed from the one he told his mother.
他在警方和母亲那里的说辞不一。
(2)The two leaders had differed on the issue of sanctions.
两位领导人在制裁问题上存在意见分歧。
多维训练
(1)单句语法填空
①Humans differ from other animals in their ability to speak.
②The two things are the same in their appearance，but different in kind.
③What you have told me may make a difference to my own position.
④They are twins，so it’s hard for me to tell the difference between them.
(2)一句多译
英式英语和美式英语在单词的发音和拼写方面有明显的区别。
①British English differs obviously from American English in pronunciation and spelling.(differ)
②British English is obviously different from American English in pronunciation and spelling.(different)
③There are obvious differences between British English and American English in pronunciation and spelling.(difference)
2
risk v.冒……的危险；n.危险；风险
[应试指导] 后跟非谓语动词的考查
1risk sth./doing sth.冒着……的危险
2at risk处于危险之中
at the risk of sth./doing sth.冒着……的风险
take/run the risk of doing sth.冒着……的危险做某事
take a risk/risks to do sth.冒险做某事
(1)Tom risked losing his job to help you out of the trouble.
汤姆冒着失去工作的危险去帮助你摆脱困境。
(2)I wondered if I was putting my life at risk.
我不知道我是否正在把自己的生命置于危险境地。
(3)He is willing to take a risk to save someone’s life.
他愿意为了拯救某个人的生命而承担风险。
多维训练
(1)完成句子
①I wouldn’t run/take the risk of(冒着……的危险) being late for work.
②He saved the child at the risk of his life(冒着生命危险)．
(2)单句改错
He risked his life save the boy who fell into the river.life后加to
3
confuse vt.使迷惑；使为难
[应试指导] 非谓语动词句法功能的考查
1confuse...with/and...把……和……混淆
2confused adj.困惑的
be/get confused with/about对……感到困惑
3confusing adj.令人困惑的
4confusion n.混乱；混淆；困惑
(1)I can’t see how anyone could confuse you with another!
我不明白怎么会有人把你和另外一个人搞混！
(2)Things were happening too quickly and Brian was confused.
事情发生得太快，把布赖恩给弄糊涂了。
多维训练
(1)用confuse的正确形式填空
①This is a very confusing experience.
②We felt confused with the difficult question.
③The uncertainty created by this situation must have caused you much confusion.
④What confused us most was the result.
(2)同义句改写
He was confused with the present situation so he didn’t know what to do next.(用过去分词短语作原因状语改写)
Confused with the present situation，he didn’t know what to do next.
4
quantity n.数量；量
[应试指导] 主谓一致的考查
in quantity大量
quantities of＋名词＋复数谓语动词 许多……
a quantity of＋ 大量……
(1)Quantities of food and tents were sent to earthquakestricken areas from Shandong.
大量的食品和帐篷从山东运往了地震灾区。
(2)My brother bought a large quantity of books.
我弟弟买了大量的书。
多维训练
(1)单句语法填空
①A large quantity of beer was sold(sell) yesterday.
②Large quantities of food are wasted(waste) because of the way it looks.
③—Why does the river around the village smell terrible?
—Because large quantities of water have been polluted(pollute) already.
(2)完成句子
①It’s a lot cheaper if you buy it in quantity(大量地)．
②There are large quantities of(大量的) rain in this area.
5
aim n.目的；目标；瞄准；v.瞄准；针对；努力
[应试指导] (1)非谓语动词作状语、定语的考查；(2)活动类写作高频词汇
1with the aim of以期……，意在……
take aim at把目标对准……
without aim漫无目的地
2be aimed at目的是；旨在
aim to do.../at doing...目的要做……，旨在做……
(1)The programme is aimed at teenage audience.
这个节目针对的是十几岁的观众。
(2)It’s important that you should have some sort of a goal to aim at.
有一个为之奋斗的目标是很重要的。
[图解助记]
多维训练
(1)单句语法填空
①Aimed(aim) at a higher target，the task is more challenging.
②His brother aims to be(be) a policeman.
③Never do anything without aim，or you’ll gain nothing.
④She went to London with the aim of finding a job.
(2)单句改错
①When shooting an arrow，one must aim the target.aim后加at
②Now we have to take the aim at the problem and try to get it solved.去掉第一个the
6
observe vt.看到；注意到；观察，观测；遵守；庆祝
[应试指导] 感官动词后跟复合宾语的考查
1observe sb.do/doing sth.观察某人做过/正在做某事
observe the customs/tradition遵守习俗/传统
2observation n.观察；观测；监视；评论
make an observation of对……进行观察
(1)His neighbour observed a stranger go to his house.
他的邻居注意到一个陌生人进了他的房子。
(2)We cannot always observe the traditions handed down to us from the past.
我们不能永远遵守过去传下来的传统。
[特别提醒]
observe后接不定式作宾补时，主动语态省略to；被动语态还原to。
多维训练
(1)单句语法填空
①When I passed his house，I observed him playing(play) in his yard.
②He is often observed to cheat(cheat) at cards.
③Observe(observe) carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab.
④Darwin’s views were the result of years of observation(observe)，thought and study.
(2)单句改错
He is often observed go shopping with his classmates.observed后加to
7
shelter n.住所a place to live；藏身之处；庇护；避难所；遮盖物；v.庇护；躲避
1take/seek shelter from躲避……
under the shelter of在……的庇护下
give shelter to庇护
2shelter...from...保护……免于……
(1)Although horses do not generally mind the cold，shelter from rain and wind is important.
尽管马一般不怕冷，但是有个能遮风挡雨的马棚也是重要的。
(2)Trees shelter the house from the wind.
树给房子挡住了风。
多维训练
单句语法填空
(1)They took shelter from the storm in a barn.
(2)Under the shelter of a tent，a crowd is gathered for a brunch.
(3)They sheltered from a downpour under a tree.
(4)He was suspected of giving shelter to a hunted outlaw.
8
limit n.限度；限制；vt.限制；限定
1within the limits of限定在……范围之内
over/beyond the limit超量，超出限度
set a limit to对……规定限度
There is a limit to...……是有限度的。
2limit...to...把……限定在……之内
(1)What’s the limit on the motorway?
高速公路的速度限制是多少？
(2)I think you should limit the number of cigarettes your husband smokes.
我认为你应该限制你丈夫吸烟的数量。
(3)All speeches will be limited to 10 minutes.
所有发言都将限定在十分钟内。
多维训练
单句语法填空
(1)In my opinion，you had better set a limit to the expense of your trip.
(2)There is a limit to what one person can tolerate.
(3)One should not push people over/beyond the limit of their endurance.
(4)Within the limits of any public park，it is unlawful to annoy any bird.
9
turn up出现，露面show up；改短衣服；开大音量increase the sound
[应试指导] turn短语语境词义辨析
turn away打发走；禁止入内
turn around翻身，转身
turn down拒绝；调小
turn into变成
turn out生产；结果是；证明是；出席，在场
turn over移交,turn on/off打开/关掉
(1)We invited her to dinner but she didn’t even bother to turn up.
我们请她吃饭她都不露面。
(2)He turned around as he heard a noise behind him.
他听到身后有枪声，便转过身来。
多维训练
短语填空
turn into，turn over，turn up，turn off，turn out
(1)When the sports hero turned up at our party，he was welcomed with open arms.
(2)I would，indeed，turn the evidence over to the police.
(3)New technologies have made it possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost.
(4)Don’t turn off the computer before closing all programs，or you could have problems.
(5)If nothing is done，the oceans will turn into fish deserts.
10
get across使理解(某事)
get away with侥幸逃脱，侥幸成功
get away from从……脱离；逃脱
get over克服；恢复
get down to开始；着手
get round/around走动；消息传开
(1)Emails are efficient and convenient，but the best way to get across a message is still to talk it out in person.
电子邮件虽然高效便利，但是传递信息的最好的办法还是亲自把它说出来。
(2)The policeman can’t have the thief getting away with stealing people’s money.
警察不能容忍小偷偷了人们的钱而跑掉。
多维训练
短语填空
get away from，get across，get over，get around，get down to
(1)She gets around with the help of a stick.
(2)Have you got over the scare you had yesterday?
(3)He sometimes has trouble getting his meaning across in English.
(4)She got away from the dog but she had bite marks on her leg.
(5)Anyway，we’re here now，so let’s get down to some serious work.
11
break down坏事突然发生，爆发；出故障；失败；垮掉
[应试指导] “break＋副词”类语境词义辨析
break up打碎；解散；结束；分手；拆散
break through突破；冲破
break into闯入，强行进入
break away from摆脱；脱离……
(1)Negotiations between the two sides have broke down.
双方谈判失败了。
(2)Police were called in to break up the meeting.
有人叫来了警察将聚会驱散。
[图解助记]
多维训练
(1)写出下列句子中break down的汉语意思
①The car broke down on the way to the airport.抛锚
②The peace talks broke down with no agreement reached.谈判失败
③Your health will break down if you work too hard.身体垮掉
④Plastic bags are difficult to break down.分解
(2)短语填空
break through，break into，break away from，break up，break down
①His car broke down on his way to work yesterday.
②His house was broken into last night.
③The thief broke away from the policeman and ran away.
④What if you break up with your partner?
⑤Scientists think they are beginning to break through in the fight against cancer.
12
run out of人用完，耗尽；从……中流出/跑出
[多词一义] run out of，give out，use up
run out结束；用完主语为物，无被动语态
give out用完；放出热、光等；公布不及物，一般不用于进行时
use up用完及物,run after追赶；追求,run into撞上；偶然遇见
run over轧过；碾过
(1)So many places of interest does Beijing offer that most visitors simply run out of time before seeing them all.
北京提供了如此多的名胜以至于大多数游客用光了所有时间也没有看完。
(2)The lease on our flat runs out in a few months.
我们公寓的租约还有几个月就到期了。
多维训练
(1)短语填空
run out of，run after，run into，run over
①—How dangerous it was!
—Yes，but for the young man’s quick action，he could have been run over by the car.(2016·福建福州质检)
②I was walking along the beach when I ran into John.(2016·福建部分中学联考)
③The boy ran after the goats，but he could not get them out.
④All the money I had had run out by the time I arrived home.
(2)同义句改写
He ran out of his ink.(用his ink作主语改写)
His ink was run out of/ran out/gave out/was used up.
13
major adj.主要的；较重要的；较严重的；v.主修；n.专业
多维训练
写出下列句子中major的词性及汉语意思
(1)The play is a major success.adj.巨大的，较重要的
(2)He planned to take chemistry as his major.n.专业
(3)She majored in history at Stanford.v.主修
14
anxious adj.担忧的，忧虑的；不安的；令人焦虑的nervous；worried；渴望的eager
多维训练
(1)单句语法填空
①After listening to his advice she had no more anxieties(anxious)．
②His anxiety to go(go) was obvious.
③His anxiety for knowledge deserves our praise.
④He was anxious that they (should) have(have) all they want.
⑤Anxiously(anxious)，she took the dress out of the package and tried it on，only to find it didn’t fit.
(2)同义句改写
She looked at her sick child and was very anxious.(用形容词短语作状语改写)
She looked at her sick child，very anxious.
15
various adj.各种各样的；不同的different
多维训练
(1)用various的正确形式填空
With the development of economy，there are varieties of goods in stores，varying from daily groceries to luxury goods，which greatly enriches people’s life.In addition，the goods vary with the season in variety and quantity.
(2)单句语法填空
①Opinions on this matter vary from person to person.
②The variety of his books is(be) astonishing.
③A variety of books are(be) on the desk
16
equipment n.配备；设备不可数名词
多维训练
(1)单句语法填空
①They equipped themselves with a pair of sharp axes and set off for the forest.
②She was fully equipped for the climbing.
③Your education will equip you for your future life.
(2)同义句改写
They are equipped with new scientific farming methods，so they have been able to use less farmland than in the past.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
Equipped with new scientific farming methods，they have been able to use less farmland than in the past.
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preparation n.准备，筹备，预备
多维训练
用prepare的正确形式填空
(1)The Foreign Minister was not prepared for such questions.
(2)—Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.
—I would have attended it，but I was busy (in) preparing for a job interview.
(3)You can’t pass an exam without preparation.
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shock vt.使震惊；使惊愕surprise；n.震惊；惊愕；令人震惊的事；打击；休克
多维训练
(1)单句语法填空
①The news that the two popular stars took drugs together illegally was a shock to their fans.
②The news came as a shocking (shock) blow.
③We were shocked(shock) to see smoke pouring out of the roof.
(2)同义句改写
It shocked me to see how my neighbors treated their children.
①What shocked me was to see how my neighbors treated their children.(用what引导的主语从句改写)
②It was a shock to see how my neighbors treated their children.(用shock n．改写)
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function vi.运转；发挥作用；n.功能，作用
多维训练
(1)This telephone can also function as a fax machine.
这部电话也可以用来当传真机。
(2)The sewing machine won’t function well if you don’t oil it regularly.
如果你不定时上油，那台缝纫机就不好用。
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disadvantage n.不利，不利条件
多维训练
单句语法填空
(1)We gain an advantage over our opponent because of much more resources.
(2)They saw a new opportunity and took advantage of it.
(3)He knew it was to his advantage to raise the first objection.
(4)Handsome men are always at an advantage.
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take off脱掉；飞机起飞；事业腾飞；开始流行；请假；匆匆离去，急忙离开
多维训练
写出下列句子中take off的汉语意思
(1)The plane took off on time.起飞
(2)She asked to take two days off the following week.请假
(3)He took off his coat as soon as he entered his room.脱下
(4)Her singing career took off after her TV appearance.(事业)腾飞
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Although people enjoyed reading his book，many of them thought that Marco’s stories about China were too fantastic to be true.虽然人们喜欢读他的书，但是有许多人认为马可写的关于中国的故事太离奇而不可信。
句型公式：too...to...
1too...to...太……而不能……
2too...to...与not或never连用时，意为“无论……也不过分，越……越好”。,cannot be too...再……也不过分
3only/just/but too...to...非常……去做too前的only/just/but不仅没有否定意义，反而加重了too的肯定语气。
4too ready/easy/eager/willing/anxious/happy...to...句型表示肯定，作“过于、太会……”解。
5too...not to...表示肯定，含义是“非常……必定能；太……不会不……”。
(1)That’s the new machine whose parts are too small to be seen.
那就是那台零部件小得几乎看不见的新机器。
(2)I’ll be only too pleased to be able to do the job for you.
我能为您效劳，真是十分高兴。
多维训练
翻译句子
(1)Mary is too wise not to know it.
玛丽很聪明，不会不懂的。
(2)She is too ready to get angry.
她动不动就生气。
(3)You cannot be too careful.
小心无过火。/你再小心也不为过。/你越小心越好。
(4)One is never too old to learn.
活到老学到老。
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Goods were traded from market to market passing through many hands before they reached their final destinations.货物被从一个市场贩卖到另一个市场，经过多次转手才最终到达目的地。
句型公式：before引导时间状语从句
1before用作连词，引导时间状语从句，除了表示“……之后才”以外，还可以表示“在……之前；不久就；不等……就；以免”。
2句型归纳：
①It won’t be...before...用不了多长时间就会……before从句用一般现在时
②It will be...before...得过多久才……before从句用一般现在时
③It wasn’t...before...没过多长时间就……before从句用一般过去时
④It was...before...过了多长时间才……before从句用一般过去时
(1)Write down the telephone number before you forget it.
记下电话号码以免忘记。
(2)It wasn’t long before he learned to use the computer.
不久他就学会了使用计算机。
多维训练
(1)写出下列句子中before的汉语意思
①Before he came here，he was in England.在……之前
②It will be some time before we know the full results.得过多久才……
③Before we had walked five miles，Anne complained of sore feet.不到……就
④Put that away before it gets broken.以免
(2)完成句子
①The meaning of the word “nice” changed a few times before it finally came to include the sense “pleasant”(直到最后它才包含pleasant的含义)．
②The young couple，who returned my lost wallet，left before I could ask for their names(还没有来得及问他们的名字)．
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The next to go was Captain Oates，who was having great difficulty walking.,接下来离开的是奥茨上校，他行走有很大的困难。
句型公式：have difficulty in doing...
have difficulty/trouble/much bother in doing...做……有困难麻烦；费劲做某事,have difficulty/trouble with sth.……有困难麻烦
There is some/no difficulty/trouble in doing...做……有一些/没有困难麻烦,do sth.with/without difficulty/trouble做……有/没有困难麻烦
(1)I have some difficulty with the work.
我做这项工作有些困难。
(2)There is some difficulty with my understanding spoken English in Englishspoken countries.
在说英语的国家，我听懂英语口语有一定的难度。
多维训练
(1)单句语法填空
Sorry I’m so late，but you cannot imagine what great trouble I took to come here.
(2)同义句改写
I had no difficulty finding your home.
①I found your home without difficulty/trouble.(用without短语改写)
②There was no difficulty/trouble (in) finding your home.(用there be句型改写)
(3)单句改错
I never have trouble sleep in a strange place.sleep→sleeping或trouble后加with
——单句语法填空
(1)The house belongs(belong) to his father.
(2)He gets(get) up at six every morning.
(3)He is getting(get) up now.
(4)This is the very bus that I’m waiting for.
(5)Look out！Don’t get too close to the house whose roof is under repair.
(6)We shouldn’t spend our money testing so many people，most of whom are healthy.
(7)After graduation she reached a point in her career where she needed to decide what to do.