广西来宾市2017高考英语一轮阅读理解专练（66）含答案
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(2017·西宁市质检一，C)
A year after graduation, I was offered a position teaching a writing class. Teaching was a
profession I had never seriously considered, though several of my stories had been published. I
accepted the job without hesitation, as it would allow me to wear a tie and go by the name of Mr.
Davis. My father went by the same name, and I liked to imagine people getting the two of us
confused. “Wait a minute，” someone might say，“are you talking about Mr. Davis the retired man,
or Mr. Davis the respectable scholar？”
The position was offered at the last minute, and I was given two weeks to prepare, a period
I spent searching for briefcase (公文包) and standing before my fulllength mirror, repeating the
words，“Hello, class.
I'm Mr. Davis.” Sometimes I would give myself an aggressive voice.
Sometimes I would sound experienced. But when the day eventually came, my nerves kicked in
and the true Mr. Davis was there.
I sounded not like a thoughtful professor, but rather a
12yearold boy.
I arrived in the classroom with paper cards designed in the shape of maple leaves. I had cut
them myself out of orange construction paper. I saw nine students along a long table. I handed out the cards, and the students wrote down their names and fastened them to their breast pockets
as I required.
?All right then，” I said. “Okay, here we go.” Then I opened my briefcase and realized that I
had never thought beyond this moment. I had been thinking that the students would be the first to talk, offering their thoughts and opinions on the events of the day. I had imagined that I would sit at the edge of the desk, overlooking a forests of hands. Every student would yell. “Calm down, you'll all get your turn. One at a time, one at a time！”
A terrible silence ruled the room, and seeing no other opinions, I inspected the students to pull out their notebooks and write a brief essay related to the theme of deep disappointment.
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。毕业一年后，作者得到了一份教授写作课程的工作。文章重点介绍了作者教学过程中难忘的第一堂课。
1．The author took the job to teach writing because ________.
A．he wanted to be respected
B．he had written some stories
C．he wanted to please his father
D．he had dreamed of being a teacher
答案：A 细节理解题。根据第一段第三至五句“... as it would allow me to wear a tie and go by the name of Mr. Davis... or Mr. Davis the respectable scholar？”可知，作者接受这份工作是希望得到别人的尊重。故A项正确。
2．What can we learn about the author from Paragraph 2?
A．He would be aggressive in his first class.
B．He was wellprepared for his first class.
C．He got nervous upon the arrival of his first class.
D．He waited long for the arrival of his first class.
答案：C 细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句“But when the day eventually came, my nerves kicked in and the true Mr. Davis was there.”可知，等第一节课真正到来时，作者感到十分紧张。故C项正确。
3．Before he started his class, the author asked the students to ________.
A．write down their suggestions on the paper cards
B．cut maple leaves out of the construction paper
C．cut some cards out of the construction paper
D．write down their names on the paper cards
答案：D 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“... and the students wrote down their names and fastened them to their breast pockets as I required.”可知，D项正确。
阅读理解 (2017·吉安模拟) Clothes can make phone calls, play music, dial your pal’s number, keep you warm during cold weather and operate your computer.
This is not a fantasy. A British company, called Electrotextiles, has created a wide range of clothes—clothes that have minds of their own! Scientists, working for the company, have invented a kind of fabric that can be blended(混合)with flexible electronic materials to create intelligent clothing. The result is electronic garments.
If you think the wearer has to be wired to different devices, think again. These designer clothes are wire-free, soft to touch and washable! Like any electronic device, these high-tech clothes have to be powered. Currently, a tiny nine-volt battery serves the purpose. But the researchers hope that in the near future the clothes will generate electricity by using body heat. These clothes are 100 percent shock proof, they say.
The Electrotextiles team has also created the world’s first cloth keyboard. This keyboard can be sewn into your trousers or skirt. To use this device, you will have to sit down and tap on your lap! These“lap-tap”gadgets(器具)are all set to take over laptop computers!
Another useful garment is the shirt-cum-mobile phone. This handy invention enables drivers to chat comfortably with others at the wheel! Other popular electronic wear includes the denim(牛仔布)jacket with flexible earphones sewn into the hood(风帽)and the electronic ski jacket with a built-in heater. The ski jacket is also programmed to send signals to a satellite. This technology is known as global positioning system and can be used to track lost skiers and wandering kids.
Having completed the cloth keyboard, scientists have already started to work on a new project—a necktie that can be used as a computer mouse. What is the next? Do you have any idea?
【文章大意】本文是一篇科技说明文。主要介绍了一些高科技的布料、衣服等, 这些新发明有各种各样的功能, 比如打电话、听歌。
1. The electronic garments are similar to other electronic devices in that .
A. they feel smooth and soft
B. they use electricity as power
C. they can be washed in water
D. they are made from flexible materials
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段第三句话Like any electronic device, these high-tech clothes have to be powered. 可知, 像其他电子产品一样, 这种高科技的衣服也必须用电来作为动力。
2. How will researchers improve these high-tech clothes?
A. Body heat will be used as power.
B. The wearer will not get shocked.
C. A tiny nine-volt battery will work.
D. They will get charged automatically.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句话But the researchers hope that in the near future the clothes will generate electricity by using body heat. 可知A正确。
3. What does the underlined phrase“This handy invention”in Paragraph 5 refer to?
A. The laptop computer.
B. The electronic ski jacket.
C. The shirt-cum-mobile phone.
D. The world’s first cloth keyboard.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。由第五段的Another useful garment is the shirt-cum-mobile phone. This handy invention enables drivers to chat. . . 可知, 这里很明显是指代前文的the shirt-cum-mobile phone。
4. The main purpose of the text is .
A. to advertise for an English company
B. to predict the future trend of science
C. to show how rapidly science develops
D. to introduce some intelligent clothing
【解析】选D。主旨大意题。通读全文可知作者是向我们介绍几种智能的衣服、布料等。
阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(2017·绍兴统考)When people first walked across the Bering Land Bridge thousands of years ago, dogs were by their sides, according to a study published in the journal Science.
Robert Wayne of the University of California, Los Angeles, and Jennifer Leonard of the Smithsonian Institute, used DNA material—some of it unearthed by miners in Alaska—to conclude that today’s domestic dog originated in Asia and accompanied the first humans to the New World about 10, 000 to 15, 000 years ago. Wayne suggests that man’s best friend may have enabled the tough journey from Asia into North America. “Dogs may have been the reason people made it across the land bridge, ”said Wayne. “They can pull things, carry things, defend you from fierce animals, and they’re useful to eat. ”
Researchers have agreed that today’s dog is the result of the domestication(驯化)of wolves thousands of years ago. Before this recent study, a common thought about the precise origin of North America’s domestic dog was that Natives domesticated local wolves, the descendants(后代)of which now live with people in Alaska, Canada, and the Lower 48.
Dog remains from a Fairbanks-area gold mine helped the scientists reach their conclusion. Leonard, an evolutionary biologist, collected DNA from 11 bones of ancient dogs that were locked in permafrost(永冻层)until Fairbanks miners uncovered them in the 1920s. The miners donated the preserved bones to the American Museum of Natural History in New York City, where they remained untouched for more than 70 years. After borrowing the bones from the museum, Leonard and her colleagues used radiocarbon techniques to find the age of the Alaska dogs. They found the dogs all lived between the years of 1450 and 1675 A. D. , before Vitus Bering and Aleksey Chirikov who were the first known Europeans to view Alaska in 1741. “The bones of dogs that wandered the Fairbanks area centuries ago should therefore be the remains of pure native American dogs, ”Leonard said. The DNA of the Fairbanks dogs would also expose whether they were the descendants of wolves from North America.
Along with the Fairbanks samples, the researchers collected DNA from bones of 37 dog specimens(标本)from Mexico, Peru, and Bolivia that existed before the arrival of Columbus. In the case of both the Alaska dogs and the dogs from Latin America, the researchers found that they shared the most genetic material with gray wolves of Europe and Asia. This supports the idea of domestic dogs entering the New World with the first human explorers who wandered east over the land bridge.
Leonard and Wayne’s study suggests that dogs joined the first humans that made the adventure across the Bering Land Bridge to slowly populate the Americas. Wayne thinks the dogs that made the trip must have provided some excellent service to their human companions or they would not have been brought along. “Dogs must have been useful because they were expensive to keep, ”Wayne said. “They didn’t feed on mice; they fed on meat, which was a very guarded resource. ”
【文章大意】本文是科普性文章。说明了在几千年前狗陪同人们一起跨过白令大陆桥进入北美大陆, 并且在此繁殖起来。而通过检测发掘出的狗骨头的DNA也证实了这一点。
1. The underlined word“remains”is closest in meaning to“ ”.
A. leftover food B. animal waste
C. dead bodies
D. living environment
【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据第四段第二句话“Leonard, an evolutionary biologist, collected DNA from 11 bones of ancient dogs that were locked in permafrost”说明是在永冻层发现的狗的骨头, 所以remains应该是尸体。故C正确。
. According to the study described in Paragraph 4, we can learn that .
A. ancient dogs entered North America between 1450 and 1675 A. D.
B. the 11 bones of ancient dogs are not from native American dogs
C. the bones discovered by the gold miners were from North American wolves
D. the bones studied were not from dogs brought into North America by Europeans
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据“They found the dogs all lived between the years of 1450 and 1675 A. D. , before Vitus Bering and Aleksey Chirikov who were the first known Europeans to view Alaska in 1741. . . ”可判断出被研究的骨头不是欧洲人带到北美的狗的骨头。所以D正确。
. What can we know from the passage?
A. Native Americans domesticated local wolves into dogs.
B. Scientists discovered some ancient dog remains in the 1920s.
C. Latin America’s dogs are different from North America’s in genes.
D. Ancient dogs entered North America across the Bering Land Bridge.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段“When people first walked across the Bering Land Bridge thousands of years ago, dogs were by their sides, according to a study published in the journal Science. ”可知D正确。
4. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. The origin of the North American dogs.
B. The DNA study of ancient dogs in America.
C. The reasons why early people entered America.
D. The difference between Asian and American dogs.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。文章第一段提到狗和人们一同跨过the Bering Land Bridge, 第二、三、四、五段研究狗的DNA“to conclude that today’s domestic dog originated in Asia”, “Researchers have agreed that today’s dog is the result of the domestication of wolves thousands of years ago”, 所以文章中心是谈论北美的狗的起源。
A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Have you ever noticed the colour of the water in a river or stream after a heavy rainfall?What do you think caused this change in colour?It is soil that has been washed into the river from the riverbank or from the nearby fields. Components of Soil
Soil is made up of a number of layers(层),each having its own distinctive colour and texture. The upper layer is know as the litter. It acts like a blanket,limiting temperature changes and reducing water loss. The topsoil layer is made up of small particles of rock mixed with rotten plant and animal matter called humus(腐殖质),which is black and gives the topsoil its dark colour. This layer is usually rich in nutrients,oxygen,and water. Below the topsoil is the subsoil,a layer that contains more stones mixed with only small amounts of organic matter. This layer is lighter in colour because of the lack of humus. Beneath the soil lies a layer of bedrock.
Soil forms from the bottom up. Over time bedrock is attacked by rain,wind,frost,and snow. It is gradually broken down into smaller particles in a process called weathering. Plants begin to grow,and rotten materials enrich the topsoil. Most of the soil in Eastern Canada,for example,was formed from weathered rock that was exposed when the ice disappeared 12,000 years ago. Water Beneath the Soil
Surface water collects and flows above the ground in lakes,ponds,and rivers. Once in the soil or rock,it is called groundwater. Gravity pulls groundwater through the soil in a process called percolation(渗透). Eventually the water reaches a layer called the water table. Under this is bedrock through which water cannot percolate.
As water percolates downward,it dissolves organic matter and minerals from the soil and carries them to deeper layers. This causes a serious problem because plants require these nutrients for growth. Soil pH
Soil can be acidic,neutral,or basic. The pH of the soil is determined by the nature of the rock from which it was formed,and by the nature of the plants that grow and rot in it.
The acidity of rain and snow can lower the pH of the groundwater that enters the soil. By burning fossil fuels such as coal,oil and gasoline,humans have been contributing to higher levels of acidity in many soils. When fossil fuels are burned,gases are released into the air and then fall back to earth as acid rain. Acid soil increases the problem of carrying nutrients to lower soil levels. As nutrients are removed,soil is less fertile. Plants grow more slowly in acidic soil,and also become easily attacked by diseases.
1. The layer of soil that provides necessary nutrients for plant growth is called .
A. litterB. topsoilC. humusD. subsoil
2. According to the text,which of the following isNOT true?
A. Soil forms from weathered rock on the earth surface.
B. The deeper layer of soil is darker in colour than the surface soil.
C. Air pollution is partially responsible for acid soil.
D. Groundwater tends to carry away nutrients for plant growth.
3. We can infer from the passage that the water table lies .
A. between the topsoil layer and the subsoil layer
B. in the subsoil layer above bedrock
C. between the subsoil layer and bedrock
D. in the bedrock layer beneath the subsoil
4. The underlined word“dissolve” is used to express the idea that organic matter and minerals from soil are .
A. rushed away into the river
B. cleaned and purified by water
C. destroyed and carried away by water
D. mixed with water and become part of it
【参考答案】1--4、BBCD