广西来宾市2017高考英语一轮阅读理解专练（71）含答案
阅读理解(2017·山西高三上学期诊断)
Nearly two million drivers in the UK have had accidents due to “Baby on Board” signs and children’s toys that affect their view，according to alarming new research.One in 20 motorists says stickers and playtime paraphernalia (装备) are to blame for a collision—equivalent to 1.85 million of Britain’s 37 million drivers.The discovery triggered a warning by a road safety charity—Brake to cut down on clutter (杂乱的东西) in the car.
Deputy chief executive Julie Townsend said “Baby on Board” signs are very useful in alerting the emergency services that a child may be involved in case of a crash.“This help can become negative if drivers display signs when their child isn’t in the car，” she said.“Worse still is the danger that can be caused by drivers influencing their view by cluttering up (塞满) windows with lots of signs.Drivers’ priority should always be getting there safely without putting themselves，young passengers or other road users at risk.”
A survey arranged by price comparison website Confused.com found that 37 percent of parents have displayed signs and four out of five of them believe they improve safety.But 46 percent admit doing so at all times—regardless of whether or not their child is in the car—and 15 percent admit they only have them for their novelty (新奇) value.The poll of 2,000 drivers also found that 46 percent of drivers regard them as a risk and 33 percent say they are lacking in taste.
“There are benefits and dangers to ‘Baby on Board’ signs.They can offer useful information for medical aid in case of a crash but having too many novelty items displayed could be a safety issue，” said a Confused.com spokesman.
1．What do we learn about the signs on the car from Paragraph 1?
A．They can be dangerous.
B．They are useful to avoid accidents.
C．They are welcomed by passengers.
D．They are forbidden to be used.
2．What is Julie Townsend’s attitude towards the signs?
A．Positive. B．Negative.
C．Uninteresting.D．Objective.
3．According to the survey，most of the drivers who use the signs think that the signs________.
A．can improve safety
B．are unnecessary
C．can make drivers clear D．can kill time
4．What is the purpose of this text?
A．To solve a problem.
B．To describe a threat to traffic safety.
C．To tell an interesting story.
D．To persuade drivers to drive safely.
【参考答案】阅读理解
语篇解读： 本文主要介绍了英国最新的调查发现汽车车贴成为“马路杀手”的事实。
1．解析： 推理判断题。从文章第一段介绍的英国有将近200万名司机曾因车贴和儿童玩具发生过交通事故，到车贴和玩具会模糊司机的视线并且在每20位驾驶人员中就有一位表示车贴和娱乐设备会导致发生交通事故以及Brake提醒大家清理车里杂乱的物品可推知，它们可能是危险的。
答案： A
2．解析： 态度判断题。根据第二段中的“‘Baby on Board’ signs are...isn’t in the car”以及“Worse...or other road users at risk.”可知，Julie Townsend对车贴积极的一面以及消极的一面都做了客观的描述，由此可推知她的态度是客观的。
答案： D
3．解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“four out of five of them believe they improve safety”可知，大多数司机认为这能使行驶更安全。
答案： A
4．解析： 写作意图题。本文介绍了英国最新的调查发现汽车车贴成为“马路杀手”的事实，其目的就是告诉人们当前存在的一个交通安全隐患。
答案： B阅读理解Mention the terms Italian Culture and Renaissance Art and one is immediately reminded of the mysterious smile of Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona Lisa.
The renaissance period had a deep effect on European culture development. Having its beginnings in Italy, by the 16th century, it had spread to the rest of Europe. Its influence was felt in different fields such as philosophy, literature, religion, science, politics, and, of course, art. The scholars of the renaissance period applied the humanist method in every field of study, and wanted human emotion and realism in art.
Renaissance scholars studied the ancient Latin and Greek texts, searching the monastic(修道院的)libraries of Europe for works of ancient times that had become obscure, in their hunt for improving and perfecting their worldly knowledge. This was completely different from the religion that Christianity(基督教)stressed. However, that does not mean that they refused Christianity. In fact, much of the greatest works of the renaissance period was devoted to it, with the church supporting a lot of the works of renaissance art. However, there were slight changes in the manner in which the scholars began to treat religion, which affected the cultural life of the society, which in turn influenced the artists of that period and therefore was reflected in their art.
In Raphael’s School of Athens, for example, some well-known people were described as classical scholars, with Leonardo da Vinci being given as much importance as Plato in his time. Giotto di Bondone, 1267—1337, a Florentine, who is regarded as the greatest Italian painter just earlier than the renaissance period, is thought to be the first artist who treated a painting as a window into space.
However, it was only after the writings of Filippo Brunelleschi, 1377—1446, who is considered the first great builder of the Italian Renaissance, that perspective was formally accepted as an artistic technique.
【文章大意】文章介绍了文艺复兴的发源地意大利在当时的背景下的文化特色和相关艺术家在这个时期的作用。
1. What makes Italy stand out in a way in world history?
A. Its artists during the Renaissance were numerous.
B. It was the center of the European countries.
C. It had Leonardo da Vinci’sMona Lisa.
D. It was the home to the Renaissance.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。第二段第二句话的beginnings in Italy, by the 16th century, it had spread to the rest of Europe说明意大利正是文艺复兴的发源地, 从而影响整个欧洲。
2. The underlined word“obscure”in Paragraph 3 most probably means“ ”.
A. meaningless and hard to recognize
B. clear and meaningful to guide people
C. unclear and difficult to understand or see
D. easy to understand but having little meaning
【解析】选C。词义猜测题。该题根据语境结合选项进行猜测。句中的the monastic说明这些资料的来源, 和宗教有关的应该是较难理解的, works of ancient times也说明了这一点。
3. When was perspective officially received during the Renaissance?
A. After the completion of Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona Lisa.
B. After Leonardo da Vinci’s being compared to Plato.
C. After Giotto di Bondone’s paintings were respected.
D. After Filippo Brunelleschi’s completing his writings.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。最后一段的强调结构里的被强调部分就是本题的解题线索。
4. The passage aims to tell us .
A. Italy’s renaissance art and artists
B. the famous artists in Italy’s history
C. Italy’s influence on the world in culture
D. the hardships during the renaissance in Italy
【解析】选A。主旨大意题。文章是围绕着意大利在文艺复兴中的文化发展和相关的艺术家展开的。
阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
Britain’s long-term unemployed could be forced to carry out manual work or risk losing their welfare benefits under plans being put forward by the government.
The U. S. -style scheme would see the long-term jobless ordered to take up four-week placements in order to get them used to having a full-time job.
The idea is part of major reforms, due to be unveiled this week, to make cuts to Britain’s huge welfare bill, reduce dependency on benefits and weed out those earning money but not declaring it, papers said.
“What we are talking about here is people who have not been used to working having both the opportunity and perhaps a bit more of a push as well, to experience the workplace from time to time. The vast majority of people in Britain will think that is the right thing to do. ”Foreign Secretary William Hague told BBC TV.
Shortly after the Conservative-Liberal Democrat Union took power in May, Work and Pensions Secretary Iain Duncan Smith unveiled plans to simplify the complex web of benefits available to reduce errors and inefficiencies.
Duncan Smith said the system had become regressive and was not giving people the right encouragement to work as many were financially better off unemployed.
Under his plans, separate benefits for items such as housing, income support or disability will be replaced by a“universal credit”system whereby(靠那个)individual households would get a single welfare payment to ensure those in work would be better off.
The Observer newspaper said that in return, long-term unemployed would be told to take up work placements of at least 30 hours a week for a four-week period.
If they refuse or fail to complete the programme, their jobseekers’ allowance, worth 64. 30 pounds a week for those over 25, could be stopped for at least three months.
【文章大意】由于英国的福利过高, 再加上近年来的经济危机造成的高失业率, 越来越多的英国人不愿再去劳心费力地工作, 干脆赖在家里向政府伸手要钱。当局为了减少养“好逸恶劳者”的经费, 出台强制性劳动方案, 要求失业的人从事劳力工作, 以此督促他们积极寻找工作。
1. What will the unemployed with welfare benefits face if the major reform takes effect?
A. They will lose their welfare benefits if they don’t work.
B. They will be encouraged to buy their own farms.
C. They will do some kinds of jobs.
D. Either A or C.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。第一段第一句话的carry out manual work or risk losing their welfare benefits说明在新政下“懒汉”们面临的两种选择。
2. What will most British people think of the new reform according to William Hague?
A. They are against it since the unemployed are poor.
B. They are for it since the unemployed should keep fit.
C. They are for it since it’s unfair for the employed and unemployed.
D. They don’t care as there’re a few unemployed people having welfare benefits.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。第四段中The vast majority of people in Britain will think that is the right thing to do. 说明绝大多数英国人支持新政。
4. The underlined word in Paragraph 6 most likely means .
A. well-receivedB. far-reaching
C. old-fashioned
D. live-and-let-live
【解析】选C。词义猜测题。从该词所在句的was not giving people the right encouragement to work可知即将取消的措施就要过时了。
. What is the aim of Britain’s major reform for the long-term unemployed?
A. To reduce the cost of welfare bill with healthy economy system.
B. To make them healthier and save cost in medical care.
C. To help more people go through financial crisis.
D. To increase pay and bonus for those employed.
【解析】选A。主旨大意题。第三段的to make cuts to Britain’s huge welfare bill是直接目的, 最终的目的还是要建立合理健康的福利制度体系。
2016高考模拟题。阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。Lack of parent willpower may contribute more to juvenile obesity than under-exercising or
overeating.
Research suggests that having overweight parents is a big influence
upon a child’s weight, with one study finding that children with overweight parents were four times more likely to be overweight themselves.
The findings add heat to an already fierce political debate
over childhood obesity. The Prime Minister, John Howard, last week decided that $116 million be used for programs to deal with obesity, while the Opposition Leader, Mark Latham, recently announced that his party would move to protect children from unhealthy food advertisements..
Clare Colins , a senior lecturer at the University of Newcastle, believes such programs will definitely fail unless they influence the way of life of whole families. "If we can’ t get parents to take action against their own weight problems, then we can’ t expect to influence their kids," she said.
However, Professor, Louise Baur from the Children’ s Hospital at Westmead, doubts whether adult education programs offer any solution to weight problems. "Many parents know they need to lose weight and they knew it influences their kids, but they lack the willpower to do anything about it.
The l0-year study of 150 American children found two-thirds of children with overweight parents became overweight. Only one in six children whose parents were of average weight became overweight.
The president of the Australasian Society for the Study of Obesity, Associate Professor Gary Wittert, said parents needed help in doing their job and the Opposition Party’s policy（政策） might be on the right track.
"We know that driving without a seat belt is unsafe, so we make law against it,” he said.
"Obesity is a major public health concern, so why shouldn’t we change the law regarding unhealthy food ads?"
1. What does the underlined phrase “juvenile obesity” mean?
A. Adult education.
B. Childhood overweight
C. Parents’ influence
D. Growing pains
2.Both Collins and Baur believe that overweight parents_______,
A. will come up with better solutions
B. will help with their children’ s education
C. should be more active in reducing weight
D. should carry out at least 10 years’ study
3. According to some experts, the Opposition Party’s policy________.
A. can help fight against unemployment
B. may protect kids from unhealthy food ads
C. should be brought back to the right track
D. will work well to prevent traffic accidents
参考答案1—3、BCB
阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
How Room Designs Affect Our Work and Feelings
Architects have long had the feeling that the places we live in can affect our thoughts, feelings and behaviors. But now scientists are giving this feeling an empirical(经验的, 实证的) basis. They are discovering how to design spaces that promote creativity, keep people focused, and lead to relaxation.
Researches show that aspects of the physical environment can influence creativity. In 2007, Joan Meyers-Levy at the University of Minnesota, reported that the height of a room’s ceiling affects how people think. Her research indicates that higher ceilings encourage people to think more freely, which may lead them to make more abstract connections. Low ceilings, on the other hand, may inspire a more detailed outlook.
In addition to ceiling height, the view afforded by a building may influence an occupant’s ability to concentrate. Nancy Wells and her colleagues at Cornell University found in their study that kids who experienced the greatest increase in greenness as a result of a family move made the most gains on a standard test of attention.
Using nature to improve focus of attention ought to pay off academically, and it seems to, according to a study led by C. Kenneth Tanner, head of the School Design & Planning Laboratory at the University of Georgia. Tanner and his team found that students in classrooms with unblocked views of at least 50 feet outside the window had higher scores on tests of vocabulary, language arts and maths than did students whose classrooms primarily overlooked roads and parking lots.
Recent study on room lighting design suggests that dim (暗淡的) light helps people to loosen up. If that is true generally, keeping the light low during dinner or at parties could increase relaxation. Researchers of Harvard Medical School also discovered that furniture with rounded edges could help visitors relax.
So far scientists have focused mainly on public buildings. “We have a very limited number of studies, so we’re almost looking at the problem through a straw(吸管),” architect David Allison says. “How do you take answers to very specific questions and make broad, generalized use of them? That’s what we’re all struggling with.”
1. What does Joan Meyers-Levy focus on in her research?
A. Light. B. Ceilings. C. Windows. D. Furniture.
2. The passage tells us that.
A. the shape of furniture may affect people’s feelings
B. lower ceilings may help improve students’ creativity
C. children in a dim classroom may improve their grades
D. students in rooms with unblocked views may feel relaxed
3. The underlined sentence in the last paragraph probably means that.
A. the problem is not approached step by step
B. the researches so far have faults in themselves
C. the problem is too difficult for researchers to detect
D. research in this area is not enough to make generalized patterns
4. Which of the following shows the organization of the passage?
CP: Central Point P: Point Sp: Sub-point(次要点) C: Conclusion
【参考答案】1—4、BADC