广西来宾市2017高考英语一轮阅读理解专练（78）含答案
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(2017·合肥市二模，D)
It is a tall tale that terrifies most young children. Swallow a piece of chewing gum and it will
remain in your body for seven years before it is digested. An even worse tale is that swallowed
gum can wrap itself around your heart.
But what does happen if you should accidentally eat a stick of gum? Chewing gum is made
out of gum base, sweeteners, coloring and flavoring. The gum base is pretty indigestible—it is a
mixture of different ingredients (成分) that our body can't absorb.
Most of the time, your stomach really cannot break down the gum the way it would break
down other foods. However, your digestive system has another way to deal with things you
swallow. After all, we eat lots of things that we are unable to fully digest. They keep moving
along until they make it all the way through the gut (肠子) and come out at the other end one or
two days later.
The saliva (唾液) in our mouths will make an attempt at digesting chewing gum as soon as
we put it in our mouths. It might get through the shell but many of gum's base ingredients are
indigestible. It's then down to our stomach muscles—which contract and relax, much like the
way an earthworm moves—to slowly force the things that we swallow through our systems.
Swallowing a huge piece of gum or swallowing many small pieces of gum in a short time can
cause a blockage within the digestive system, most often in children, who have a thinner digestive
tube than adults—but this is extremely rare.
文章大意：本文为一篇科普类说明文。误食口香糖是不是像大人吓小孩子那样可怕呢？本文对此进行了分析。
1．Children might feel terrified after swallowing chewing gum mainly because ________.
A．they believe the tall tales about chewing gum
B．chewing gum will stay in their body for years
C．their heart will be wrapped by chewing gum
D．chewing gum is indigestible for children
答案：A 细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句“It is a tall tale that terrifies most young children.”以及对第二、三句话的理解可知，答案A符合文义。B、C两项只是分别说明了tall tale的内容，故排除。
2．What happens to the food that can't be fully broken down?
A．It remains in our digestive system forever.
B．It will be eventually moved out of our body.
C．It will fight against the power of the gut.
D．It will stick to the gut for one or two days.
答案：B 细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后两句“After all, we eat lots of things that we are unable to fully digest. They keep moving... come out at the other end one or two days later.”可知，答案B符合文义。
3．The word It (in the 4th paragraph) refers to
________.
A．The attempt
B．The salvia
C．The shell
D．The gum base
答案：B 指代判断题。根据对文章第四段前两句的理解可知，此处的It是指第四段第一句中的The saliva(唾液)，故答案B符合文义。
4．What would be the best title for text?
A．How does our digestive system work?
B．Can chewing gum be swallowed by kids?
C．Does swallowing chewing gum matter?
D．Why swallowing chewing gum frightens kids?
答案：C 标题概括题。文章第一段由一个使小孩子害怕的说法导入话题，下文是对口香糖进入肚子后会怎样的一个科学解释，由此可推知，选项C“误食口香糖要紧吗”最适合作为文章标题。
阅读理解体裁 题材 词数 难度 建议用时
说明文 教育 320 ★★★ 7分钟
Many years agogland.The school had two classes for children of the same age.At the end of the school year an examination was held，in order to select the children for the classes of next year.However，the results of the exam were never made known.In secret，based on their performance in the exam，the higher－performing and lower－performing children were divided equally between the two classes.Only the headmaster and the psychologists knew the truth.Teachers for the next year were carefully selected for equal ability and experience.Even the classrooms were chosen with similar facilities (设备)．Everything was made as equal as possible：one was called “Class Athe other，“Class B”．
In everyone's minds the children in Class A were the clever ones，and the kids in Class B were not so clever.Some of the parents of the Class A children were pleasantly surprised that their children had done so well and rewarded them with presents and praise，while the parents of some of the Class B kids complained that their children did not work hard enough and took away some of their rewards.Even the teachers taught the Class B kids in a different manner，not expecting so much from them.For a whole year the illusion existed.Then there was another end－of－year exam.
e results were not surprising.The children of Class A performed so much better than those of Class B．In fact
【解题导语】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了一个令人深思的教育实验。
According to the text，it is a fact that ________．
B．the Class A kids had better facilities
C．kids in the two classes had equal ability
D．teachers of Class A were more experienced
答案 C [细节理解题。由第一段的Everything was made as equal as possible及第三段的And those in the other group可知两个班的学生资质相当而且学习条件相同。]
________”．
C．teaching plan
D．old tradition
答案 B [词义猜测题。由该词所在段落的内容——尽管两个班的孩子无区别但由于班级冠名不同而导致了家长、老师的illusion指“错觉”。]
A．Because they didn't work hard.
B．Because they had lost self－confidence.
D．Because what they learned was too difficult.
答案 B [推理判断题。根据文章末句That was what they...what they became可知班的学生被认为比较差最后他们失去了自信也就真的差了。]
________．
C．strong determination
D．outside influence
答案 D [推理判断题。本文介绍了一个教学实验：成绩相同的两个班由于分别接受积极的和消极的外部影响一年以后两个班的成绩出现明显差距。因此这项实验证明了外部影响的重要性。]
阅读理解s，a data－service provider
The findings show that some companies visited by more than one in ten Americans each month are primarily fast－food－retail outlets(直销店) and health clinics.The types of businesses these companies are in and the traffic customers use to get to them play a big part in their success.According to Placed Insights－thirds went to a fast－food restaurant at least once.
d Insights founder and CEO David Shim explains what it is that affects much on whether Americans visit a business once a year or once a week.“People often go out for fast food.They don't necessarily go shopping for a sweater every day，but they do eat.”
It should come as no surprise that most of these companies have made efforts to expand their products，with varying degrees of success.Walmart，for example，has expanded its business to offer groceries，and even has fast－food restaurants in many stores.Starbucks has expanded its menu options to include breakfast sandwiches and other meals.McDonald's new McCafe coffee brand has been very successful.These are all new services designed to make more money on existing customers，bring in new customers，and bring them in more often.
While the types of goods and services being offered by these companies are critical，the more critical factor is their dominant national presence.These companies have thousands of locations all over the country.Rare is the American town without a McDonald's，Burger King，Taco Bell，Subway，or some combination of the three.McDonald's has more than 14，000 locations in the U．S. in 2017 while Subway has more than 25，000.
【解题导语】 本文介绍了美国人经常去消费的一些商店
1．What do we learn from Placed Insights's research?
A．The majority of people going to McDonald's are children.
B．More people go to Walmart than to McDonald's.
C．Over one in ten Americans goes to a clothing store each month.
D．McDonald's and Walmart have many customers in part because they are easy to get to.
答案 D [细节理解题。根据第一段可知可知交通方便是麦当劳、沃尔玛等受欢迎的商店赢得很多顾客的原因之一。]
A．The types of goods.
B．The brands of the companies.
C．The traffic.
D．People's preferences.
答案 A [细节理解题。根据第三段的for fast food以及for a sweater可知David Shim认为一个商店出售的商品决定了人们是一天去一次还是一周去一次那个商店。]
A．What types of goods the most－visited outlets sell.
－visited outlets do to attract customers.
－food outlets.
答案 B [段落大意题。第四段介绍了那些成功的商店通过扩大商品范围以及销售区域范围来赢得更多的客户比如沃尔玛提供快餐星巴克提供早餐、麦当劳推出了新品咖啡等等因此第四段主要介绍了一些成功的商店怎样吸引顾客。]
get visited more frequently than others?
A．They provide necessities of daily life.
B．They provide better service than other outlets.
C．They provide more choices of goods.
D．They spread all over the country.
答案 D [细节理解题。最后一段第一句介绍虽然食物种类和服务对商店的成功发挥了很重要的作用但是起主导作用的是它们的地理位置这些商店的分店遍及全国各地。]
阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Batteries can power anything from small sensors to large systems. While scientists are finding ways to make them smaller but even more powerful, problems can arise when these batteries are much larger and heavier than the devices themselves. University of Missouri(MU)researchers are developing a nuclear energy source that is smaller, lighter and more efficient.
“To provide enough power, we need certain methods with high energy density (密度),” said Jae Kwon, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering at MU. “The radioisotope (放射性同位素)battery can provide power density that is much higher than chemical batteries.”
Kwon and his research team have been working on building a small nuclear battery, presently the size and thickness of a penny, intended to power various micro/nanoelectromechanical systems(M/NEMS). Although nuclear batteries can cause concerns, Kwon said they are safe.
“People hear the word‘nuclear’and think of something very dangerous, “ he said. “However, nuclear power sources have already been safely powering a variety of devices, such as pace-makers, space satellites and underwater systems. “
His new idea is not only in the battery’s size, but also in its semiconductor (半导体). Kwon’s battery uses a liquid semiconductor rather than a solid semiconductor.
“The key part of using a radioactive battery is that when you harvest the energy, part of the radiation energy can damage the lattice structure (晶格结构) of the solid semiconductor. “ Kwon said. “By using a liquid semiconductor, we believe we can minimize that problem.”
Together with J. David Robertson, chemistry professor and associate director of the MU Research Reactor, Kwon is working to build and test the battery. In the future, they hope to increase the battery’s power, shrink its size and try with various other materials. Kwon said that the battery could be thinner than the thickness of human hair.
1. Which of the following is true of Jae Kwon?
A. He teaches chemistry at MU.
B. He developed a chemical battery.
C. He is working on a nuclear energy source.
D. He made a breakthrough in computer engineering.
2. Jae Kwon gave examples in Paragraph 4 .
A. to show chemical batteries are widely applied
B. to indicate nuclear batteries can be safely used
C. to describe a nuclear-powered system
D. to introduce various energy sources
3. Liquid semiconductor is used to .
A. get rid of the radioactive waste
B. test the power of nuclear batteries
C. decrease the size of nuclear batteries
D. reduce the damage to lattice structure
4. According to Jae Kwon, his nuclear battery .
A. uses a solid semiconductor
B. will soon replace the present ones
C. could be extremely thin
D. has passed the final test
5. The text is most probably a .
A. science news reportB. book review
C. newspaper ad D. science fiction story
【参考答案】1--5 、CBDCA