专题十 特殊句式和主谓一致 一、完全倒装 完全倒装即把整个谓语部分放在主语之前。当副词here, there, in, out, up, down, away, back, then, ahead 等位于句首、谓语动词为be, come, go, follow, run等，而且主语又是名词时，用完全倒装。注意：此类倒装不用进行时态；若主语是代词时，不用倒装。
倒装 二、部分倒装 部分倒装，即只把助动词提到主语前，常考的有以下几种情况： 1．具有否定意义的副词、连词或短语nor, never, seldom，hardly, rarely, little, scarcely, by no means, on no condition, no sooner, nowhere等放在句首。 Hardly had I arrived in New York when I called my mother. Nowhere else can you find so beautiful a place in the world.
【易错点津】hardly…when…， no sooner…than…， scarcely…when…意为“刚……就……”，hardly/scarcely/no sooner位于句首时，前一个句子用部分倒装，后一个句子不倒装，且主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。 2．用于以“only＋状语(从句)”开头的句子中。 Only when the war was over could he return his hometown. 3．在so…that…，such…that…的句子结构中，若so, such与其所修饰的词置于句首，用部分倒装。
4．as/though引导让步状语从句时，可将表语、状语或谓语动词提前，构成倒装。句式为：表语、状语或动词原形＋as/though＋主语＋其他(though引导的从句也可用正常语序)。 根据括号中的汉语提示，用倒装的适当形式完成下面的句子 1．Only when Lily walked into the office ______ (她意识到) that she had left the contract at home.(2015天津) 2．Only after talking to two students _________(我发现) that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.(2015湖南) 3．Not only __________________(护士们要求) a pay increase, they want reduced hours as well.(want)(2017全国大纲) 4．Only when you can find peace in your heart ________________(你才会保持) good relationships with others.(keep)(2017湖南) 5．No sooner _____________(莫言踏上) on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.(step)(2017陕西) 6．________________________(尽管我们非常劳累)，we didn't stop working. 7．So well______________(中国表现) in 2009 that the world has agreed that it was the year of China. 8．John opened the door.There _________ (站着一个姑娘)he had never seen before.(stand)
【答案】 1.did she realize 2.did I discover 3．do the nurses want 4.will you keep 5．had Mo Yan stepped 6.Tired as we were 7．did China perform 8.stood a girl 一、 强调句型 1．强调句型的基本构成是“It is/was＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋其他部分”，被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。 2．如果原句中含有“not…until”，在强调时间状语时，将主句中的否定词not连同状语一起提前。 强调句型与祈使句
3．强调句型的一般疑问句只需将is/was提前；特殊疑问句的结构是“疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that从句”。 4．do/does/did强调句型：do/does/did只能对谓语进行强调，且只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定句中。
【易错点津】判断一个句子是否是强调句型，最简单的方法是“还原法”，即去掉强调句句型的特有结构It is/was…that/who…，若去掉这个结构后句子仍然成立，就是强调句型，否则，为其他句型。 二、祈使句 1．“祈使句＋and＋陈述句(一般将来时)(＝If…，＋主句)”。 2．名词词组＋and＋陈述句(名词词组中通常含有more，another，further，earlier等词)。 3．祈使句＋破折号＋陈述句。 Try some of this juice—perhaps you'll like it. 4．祈使句＋or＋陈述句(＝If…not…，＋主句) 请用合适的词填空 1．Always ________(keep) in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.(2015湖南) 2．It was when we were returning home ________ I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.(2015湖南) 3．Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century_______his musical gift was fully recognized.(2015重庆) 4．_________(observe)carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab.(2017北京) 5. ________(Call) me tomorrow and I'll let you know the lab result.(2017全国大纲) 6. ________(make) what you're doing today is
important, because you're trading a day of your life for it.(2017湖南) 7．Was it because Jack came late for school ________ Mr.Smith got angry？(2017四川) 8．Give me a chance, ________ I'll give you a wonderful surprise.(2017天津) 【答案】1.keep 2.that 3.that 4.Observe 5.Call
6．Make 7.that 8.and 当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句中含be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词，这时从句中会出现如下结构： 1．连词(though，whether，when)＋形容词 Work hard when (you are) young，or you'll regret. 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。 状语从句中的省略现象 2．连词(whether，as if，while)＋介词短语 He looked everywhere as if(he was)in search of something. 他四处张望，好像在找什么东西。 3．连词(when，while)＋现在分词 While (I was) walking along the street，I heard my name called. 走在街上的时候，我听见有人叫我的名字。 4．连词(when，if，even if，unless，once，until，than，as)＋过去分词 The exhibition is more interesting than(it was)expected. 那个展览比预料的更有趣。 5．连词(as if，as though)＋不定式 He opened his lips as if (he were)to speak. 他张了张嘴，好像要说话。 根据括号中的汉语提示，用适当的省略句完成下面的句子 1．The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police__________(不要)．(2017课标Ⅰ) 2．There are some health problems that, ___________(如果不及时治疗), can become bigger ones later on.(2017浙江)
3．____________(尽管被打败) by the opposite team, the players were not discouraged but practiced harder. 【答案】1.not to 2.when/if not treated in time 3．Although beaten 1．被every，each，many a，no等限定的单个主语由and连接时，谓语动词用单数形式，其中，后一个限定词可省略。 2．主语由“many a/more than one＋单数名词”构成时，谓语动词用单数形式。 主谓一致 3．“名词＋with/along with/together with/as well as/rather than/but/except…＋名词”结构作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要与第一个名词保持一致。 4．两个单数名词由and连接表示同一个人、同一个物时，谓语动词用单数形式。 5．“分数/百分数/the rest/most of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数与of后名词的数保持一致。 6．由or，nor，either…or，neither…nor，not only…but (also)连接并列主语时，通常根据就近一致原则，谓语动词的单复数形式要和与它邻近的主语的数保持一致。 7．在倒装句中，谓语通常和其后边的第一个名词保持一致。
8．定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数形式与先行词的单复数保持一致：one of＋复数名词＋关系代词＋动词复数形式；the only one of＋复数名词＋关系代词＋动词单数形式。
用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. It is important to remember that success ____(be) a sum of small efforts made each day and often _____ (take) years of achieve.(2015湖南) 2．All we need________(be) a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.(2017湖南) 3．Generally, students' inner motivation with high expectations from others __________ (be) essential to their development.(2017江苏) 4．The university estimates that living expenses for international students ________(be) around $8,450 a year, which is a burden for some of them.(2017湖南) 5．All the scientific evidence _________ (show) that increasing use of chemicals in farming __________ (be) damaging our health.(2017湖南) 6．The basketball coach, as well as his team, __________(interview) shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.(2017陕西) 7．Onethird of the country _________ (cover) with trees and the majority of the citizens are black people. 8．The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which ________(save) for other purposes. 9．Large amounts of money_________ (be) spent on the magnificent building, but the poor were not allowed to have a single room. 10．I, who_________ (be) your best friend, will surely stand on your side.
【答案】1.is; takes 2.is 3.is 4.are 5.shows; is 6．was interviewed 7.is covered 8.were saved 9．were 10.am