专题十 特殊句式和主谓一致 一、完全倒装 完全倒装即把整个谓语部分放在主语之前。当副词here, there, in, out, up, down, away, back, then, ahead 等位于句首、谓语动词为be, come, go, follow, run等,而且主语又是名词时,用完全倒装。注意:此类倒装不用进行时态;若主语是代词时,不用倒装。
倒装 二、部分倒装 部分倒装,即只把助动词提到主语前,常考的有以下几种情况: 1.具有否定意义的副词、连词或短语nor, never, seldom,hardly, rarely, little, scarcely, by no means, on no condition, no sooner, nowhere等放在句首。 Hardly had I arrived in New York when I called my mother. Nowhere else can you find so beautiful a place in the world.
【易错点津】hardly…when…, no sooner…than…, scarcely…when…意为“刚……就……”,hardly/scarcely/no sooner位于句首时,前一个句子用部分倒装,后一个句子不倒装,且主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。 2.用于以“only+状语(从句)”开头的句子中。 Only when the war was over could he return his hometown. 3.在so…that…,such…that…的句子结构中,若so, such与其所修饰的词置于句首,用部分倒装。
4.as/though引导让步状语从句时,可将表语、状语或谓语动词提前,构成倒装。句式为:表语、状语或动词原形+as/though+主语+其他(though引导的从句也可用正常语序)。 根据括号中的汉语提示,用倒装的适当形式完成下面的句子 1.Only when Lily walked into the office ______ (她意识到) that she had left the contract at home.(2015天津) 2.Only after talking to two students _________(我发现) that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.(2015湖南) 3.Not only __________________(护士们要求) a pay increase, they want reduced hours as well.(want)(2017全国大纲) 4.Only when you can find peace in your heart ________________(你才会保持) good relationships with others.(keep)(2017湖南) 5.No sooner _____________(莫言踏上) on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.(step)(2017陕西) 6.________________________(尽管我们非常劳累),we didn't stop working. 7.So well______________(中国表现) in 2009 that the world has agreed that it was the year of China. 8.John opened the door.There _________ (站着一个姑娘)he had never seen before.(stand)
【答案】 1.did she realize 2.did I discover 3.do the nurses want 4.will you keep 5.had Mo Yan stepped 6.Tired as we were 7.did China perform 8.stood a girl 一、 强调句型 1.强调句型的基本构成是“It is/was+被强调的部分+that/who+其他部分”,被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。 2.如果原句中含有“not…until”,在强调时间状语时,将主句中的否定词not连同状语一起提前。 强调句型与祈使句
3.强调句型的一般疑问句只需将is/was提前;特殊疑问句的结构是“疑问词+is/was+it+that从句”。 4.do/does/did强调句型:do/does/did只能对谓语进行强调,且只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定句中。
【易错点津】判断一个句子是否是强调句型,最简单的方法是“还原法”,即去掉强调句句型的特有结构It is/was…that/who…,若去掉这个结构后句子仍然成立,就是强调句型,否则,为其他句型。 二、祈使句 1.“祈使句+and+陈述句(一般将来时)(=If…,+主句)”。 2.名词词组+and+陈述句(名词词组中通常含有more,another,further,earlier等词)。 3.祈使句+破折号+陈述句。 Try some of this juice—perhaps you'll like it. 4.祈使句+or+陈述句(=If…not…,+主句) 请用合适的词填空 1.Always ________(keep) in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.(2015湖南) 2.It was when we were returning home ________ I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.(2015湖南) 3.Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century_______his musical gift was fully recognized.(2015重庆) 4._________(observe)carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab.(2017北京) 5. ________(Call) me tomorrow and I'll let you know the lab result.(2017全国大纲) 6. ________(make) what you're doing today is
important, because you're trading a day of your life for it.(2017湖南) 7.Was it because Jack came late for school ________ Mr.Smith got angry?(2017四川) 8.Give me a chance, ________ I'll give you a wonderful surprise.(2017天津) 【答案】1.keep 2.that 3.that 4.Observe 5.Call
6.Make 7.that 8.and 当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致,且从句中含be动词时,可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词,这时从句中会出现如下结构: 1.连词(though,whether,when)+形容词 Work hard when (you are) young,or you'll regret. 少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。 状语从句中的省略现象 2.连词(whether,as if,while)+介词短语 He looked everywhere as if(he was)in search of something. 他四处张望,好像在找什么东西。 3.连词(when,while)+现在分词 While (I was) walking along the street,I heard my name called. 走在街上的时候,我听见有人叫我的名字。 4.连词(when,if,even if,unless,once,until,than,as)+过去分词 The exhibition is more interesting than(it was)expected. 那个展览比预料的更有趣。 5.连词(as if,as though)+不定式 He opened his lips as if (he were)to speak. 他张了张嘴,好像要说话。 根据括号中的汉语提示,用适当的省略句完成下面的句子 1.The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police__________(不要).(2017课标Ⅰ) 2.There are some health problems that, ___________(如果不及时治疗), can become bigger ones later on.(2017浙江)
3.____________(尽管被打败) by the opposite team, the players were not discouraged but practiced harder. 【答案】1.not to 2.when/if not treated in time 3.Although beaten 1.被every,each,many a,no等限定的单个主语由and连接时,谓语动词用单数形式,其中,后一个限定词可省略。 2.主语由“many a/more than one+单数名词”构成时,谓语动词用单数形式。 主谓一致 3.“名词+with/along with/together with/as well as/rather than/but/except…+名词”结构作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式要与第一个名词保持一致。 4.两个单数名词由and连接表示同一个人、同一个物时,谓语动词用单数形式。 5.“分数/百分数/the rest/most of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的数与of后名词的数保持一致。 6.由or,nor,either…or,neither…nor,not only…but (also)连接并列主语时,通常根据就近一致原则,谓语动词的单复数形式要和与它邻近的主语的数保持一致。 7.在倒装句中,谓语通常和其后边的第一个名词保持一致。
8.定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数形式与先行词的单复数保持一致:one of+复数名词+关系代词+动词复数形式;the only one of+复数名词+关系代词+动词单数形式。
用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. It is important to remember that success ____(be) a sum of small efforts made each day and often _____ (take) years of achieve.(2015湖南) 2.All we need________(be) a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.(2017湖南) 3.Generally, students' inner motivation with high expectations from others __________ (be) essential to their development.(2017江苏) 4.The university estimates that living expenses for international students ________(be) around $8,450 a year, which is a burden for some of them.(2017湖南) 5.All the scientific evidence _________ (show) that increasing use of chemicals in farming __________ (be) damaging our health.(2017湖南) 6.The basketball coach, as well as his team, __________(interview) shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.(2017陕西) 7.Onethird of the country _________ (cover) with trees and the majority of the citizens are black people. 8.The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which ________(save) for other purposes. 9.Large amounts of money_________ (be) spent on the magnificent building, but the poor were not allowed to have a single room. 10.I, who_________ (be) your best friend, will surely stand on your side.
【答案】1.is; takes 2.is 3.is 4.are 5.shows; is 6.was interviewed 7.is covered 8.were saved 9.were 10.am
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