2017年高考英语一轮复习讲练测：选修8 Unit 1-2（讲）（原卷版）

　　（讲）-2017年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（原卷版）

　　选修8

　　Unit 1--2

　　单元知识预览

　　项目 单词及其词性变化（语法填空必备）

　　重点单词 　．手段；方法(人口、贸易的)繁荣海关；关税；进口税发生；出现指出；标示；表明；暗示n.

　　行李滑动；滑行；滑跤滑动；滑倒租用；雇用无处；到处都无reform

　　vt.& vi.

　　改革；革新改革；改造；改良抓住；抓紧；掌握；领会插入；嵌入百分比；百分率清晰的；明显的；明确的差别；区分；卓著大多数；大半少数straightforward

　　adj.

　　简单的；直接的；坦率的着手；从事；承担突破任意的tain

　　vt.

　　获得；赢得获得；到达(水平、年龄、状况等)禁止；不准积累；聚积欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于……保守的；守旧的打；撞击；罢工仅；只；不过

　　adj.

　　合情理的；讲道理的；公道的不同；相异不同的不同；差异抵抗；对抗

　　n.

　　抵抗；对抗

　　重点短语 　继续存在；继续生存习惯于新的生活方式、工作等背靠背与……合作或一起工作画线；标出……界线包括；吸收；欺骗；理解申请；请示得到得到好结果；取得成功；偿清使失望；使沮丧one's heart使……刻骨铭心不时；偶尔使复苏；使复活白费力气；枉费心机状况很好/坏；情况很好/坏把……归功于经典句型

　　（高考书面表达必备） 很可能……，It is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.然而，美洲土著人很可能在至少15000年前就在加利福尼亚生活着。那就是……的原因That's why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.那就是今天为什么还有超过40%的加利福尼亚人仍然把西班牙3．what从句作介词宾语，the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States．二百年后，西班牙人定居在南美洲大多数地区以及现在美国的西北沿whether...or无论……还是……，scientists still wonder whether cloning will help or harm us and where it is leading us.然而科学家们仍对克隆技术有助于人类还是有害于人类以及克隆技术将把我们引向哪里感到困惑。为全部倒装语序接着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。必备语法（高级句型） 晨读范文背诵

　　背诵这篇范文

　　【2016·东北师大附中第四次摸底】

　　假如你是学生会主席李华，你校将于12月25日接待美国友谊校来访师生，请根据以下提示写一份书面通知。

　　活动安排：1. 9:00在校操场举行欢迎仪式；

　　2. 12:00-13:00 在校体育馆进行中美学生篮球赛；

　　3. 18:00 在校礼堂举办中美学生文艺晚会。

　　活动要求： 全体穿着校服，举止得体。

　　注意：1. 100词左右；2. 可以适当增加细节使行文连贯。

　　参考词汇：友谊校 sister school；校礼堂 the school auditorium

　　【参考范文】

　　Notice

　　A group of teachers and students from our sister school in the USA will pay a visit to our school on December 25 and for their better stay, I’d like to inform you in advance about the activities as follows.

　　A welcome ceremony is to be held on the campus at 9 a.m., which will be followed by a basketball match between the two schools in the gym. The match is scheduled to start at 12 and last for one hour. At 18:00, we will get together in the school auditorium to have a party with the visitors, when you can see the wonderful performances, the friendship between the two schools and the integration of the two cultures.

　　Everyone is expected to be present on time in uniform and behave properly.

　　December 19, 2016

　　The Students’ Union

　　语言知识精析

　　重点单词精讲

　　考点1．means n．手段；方法

　　【教材原句】Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times.科学家们认为这些迁居者通过一条史前时代曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。

　　【例句研读】

　　（1）he blocks are raised by means of pulleys.那些大块物件是借助滑轮吊起来的。

　　（2）You must finish the task on time by any means.无论用什么手段你必须按时完成任务。

　　【归纳拓展】

　　by all means 务必；一定；当然可以 by any means 无论如何 by no means 决不(用于句首时引起部分倒装) by this/these means 用这种/这些办法 by means of 依靠……方法，借助……手段

　　【温馨提示】(1)means 表示“方法、方式、手段”，其单复数同形。当 means 做主语且有 every, each 等词修饰时，谓语动词用单数；有 some, several, many, few, all 等词修饰时，谓语动词用复数。 (2)by this means 强调的是“有条理的办事方法”；in this way 强调的是“用简便的方法”，in 有时候可以省略；with this method 强调的是“用已形成的系统的、理论的方法”。

　　【即时巩固】

　　(1)Taking a plane is ________________________ getting there. 去那儿最快的方式是坐飞机。 (2)All possible means ______ been tried. ＝Every possible means ______ been tried. 所有(每一种)可能的办法都已经试过了。

　　(3)This plan must be realized __________________. 这个计划必须完成。 (4)Thoughts are expressed __________________ words. 思想靠语言来表达。 (5)By no means __________________ left alone. 绝不能把他单独留下。

　　考点2．majority n．大多数；大半

　　【教材原句】Of the first Spanish to go to California，the majority were religious men，whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives.在首批移居加州的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士，他们的职责是向原住民传授天主教。

　　【例句研读】

　　(1) The majority were/was against the plan.大多数人反对这个计划。

　　(2) In the city，Muslims are in the majority．在这个城市里穆斯林占多数。

　　【归纳拓展】

　　the majority 大多数(其做主语表整体时，谓语用单数； 若表成员情况时，谓语用复数。) the majority of＋n. ＋单数谓语 the majority of＋n. ＋复数谓语 be in the majority 占大多数 by/with a majority of 以大多数……赢得……

　　【即时巩固】

　　(1)____________ were present at the meeting.大多数人出席了会议。 (2)__________________ the people seem to prefer watching games to playing games. 大部分人似乎喜欢观看比赛胜于参加比赛。

　　(3)He was elected by ________________________ 765. 他以765票的多数票当选。

　　考点3．occur vi.发生；出现；被想到(occurred; occurring)

　　【例句研读】

　　(1) There were all sorts of disasters that used to occur on the way to and from work.过去，在我上下班途中发生过各种各样的悲剧。 (2) It never occurred to him that he would make such a great success in teaching career.他从来没有想到他会在教学事业中获得如此巨大的成功。

　　(3) A good idea occurred to/struck/came to me.我突然想到一个好办法。

　　【归纳拓展】

　　occurrence n. 发生；出现 sth. occurs to sb. sth. strikes sb. sth. comes to sb. It occurs to sb. to do sth. It occurs to sb. that－clause It strikes sb. that－clause某人想起/想到……

　　【即时巩固】

　　(1)The same theme ______ in many of his works.同一个主题在他的许多作品中都有。 (2)The accident _______________ at five o‘clock. 事故发生在五点钟。 (3)An idea ____________ me. 我想到一个主意。 (4)______________ ________________ to ask for help. 她没想到请别人帮忙。

　　(5)___________________________________ she would refuse his invitation. 他没有想到她会拒绝他的邀请。

　　考点4．undertake vt.着手；从事；承担；保证

　　【教材原句】It is a difficult task to undertake.这是一项很难完成的任务。

　　【例句研读】

　　(1) We are supposed to undertake the responsibility to lead a low－carbon lifestyle，which is of great significance.

　　我们应该承担过低碳生活的责任，这意义重大。

　　(2) He undertook to finish the job by Friday.他答应在星期五以前完成那项工作。

　　【归纳拓展】

　　undertaking n. 任务，事业；承诺，答应 undertake a task/project 承担一个任务/项目 undertake to do sth. 答应做某事 undertake for sth. 为……负责

　　【即时巩固】

　　(1)The company has announced that it will _____________ a full investigation ______ the accident. 公司已宣布将对这次事故进行全面调查。 (2)He __________________ the job by Friday. 他答应星期五之前完成这项工作。 (3)I’ll __________________ your security. 我将保证你的安全。

　　考点5．forbid(forbade/forbad，forbidden)vt.禁止；不准

　　【教材原句】Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning.

　　有些政府开始改革他们的法律制度，禁止进行克隆人的研究。

　　【例句研读】

　　(1) The school forbids the students to smoke/from smoking.学校禁止学生吸烟。 (2) Everyone is forbidden to own a gun privately. 不许任何人私自拥有枪支。

　　【归纳拓展】

　　forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事 forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事 forbid that... 禁止……(从句中常用“should＋动词原形”) forbid sb. sth. 禁止某人某事

　　温馨提示：forbid 后不能直接跟动词不定式做宾语，而是跟动名词做宾语，也可用 forbid sb. to do sth. 形式，有类似用法的单词还有 allow, permit, advise 等。

　　【即时巩固】

　　(1)Our school ______________________________.我们学校不允许学生吸烟。 (2)Smoking should __________________ public places. 公共场所应该禁止吸烟。

　　(3)His parents __________________. 他的父母不准他喝酒。

　　考点6．owe vt.欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于……；应感谢

　　【教材原句】You owe the lady an apology.你必须向这位女士道歉。

　　【例句研读】

　　(1) I owe you an apology for having been so rude to you last night.昨晚我太粗暴，应该向你道歉。 (2) The well－known scientist always says that he owes all his success to the support of his family.这位著名的科学家常说他的成功归功于家人的支持。

　　(3)Owing to the rain，the match was cancelled.【归纳拓展】

　　(1)owe sb. sth.或owe sth. to sb.欠某人某物 　owe...to... 把……归功于…… 　owe it to sb. that...多亏某人帮忙 (2)owing to＝because of“因为，由于”，后接名词、 　代词、动名词做宾语，构成介词短语，表原因。

　　【即时巩固】

　　(1)Don’t forget you still ______ 150 yuan to the wine shop.别忘了，你还欠酒店150元钱呢。 (2)He ______ his success to hard work and practice. 他把他的成功归功于努力工作和实践。

　　(3)If I have improved in any way, I ______ it all to my teacher.如果说我有一些进步，这应该全部归功于我的老师。 (4)I ______ it to you that I finished my work in time. 多亏你帮忙，我才及时完成了工作。 (5)_________ to the rain, they could not come. 由于下雨，他们不能来了。

　　考点7．strike n．罢工 vi.& vt.打；撞击；罢工；袭击；报时；划(火柴)；打动

　　【教材原句】..proves how the idea struck a mixture of fear and excitement into people's hearts.……证明了这一想法使人们感到既兴奋又恐惧。

　　【例句研读】

　　(1) The victim had been struck with some kind of wooden implement.

　　受害人遭到某种木制器具的击打。 (2) It struck her that losing the company might be the least of her worries.她突然意识到失去公司或许是她最不担心的一件事。

　　【归纳拓展】

　　be struck with(by)为……所侵袭； 为……所触动(感动) It strikes me that...我觉得……；我的印象是…… strike a match划火柴 strike on/upon打在……上；撞到……上 be on strike举行罢工 go on strike实行罢工

　　【即时巩固】

　　(1)The workers ____________/____________ because they wanted more money. 工人们在罢工，因为他们要求增加工资。 (2)When the clock ____________， the strike started. 当钟敲响了五点，罢工开始了。

　　(3)The match ____________ because of the moisture of the air.由于空气潮湿，火柴划不着。 (4)________________________ none of them trusts each other.他们当中没有一个人信赖对方这使我震惊。

　　(5)Great damage has been caused by the tornado which ______ the area last week. 上周侵袭这一地区的龙卷风造成了巨大的损失。

　　考点8．resist vt.抗拒；抵制；对抗；忍住

　　【例句研读】

　　(1) I was not strong enough to resist the offer.我不够坚定，抵抗不了他的好意。 (2) I couldn't resist having a look at her diary.我忍不住看了一眼她的日记。

　　【归纳拓展】

　　resistance n. 反抗 resistant adj. 抵抗的；耐……的 resist sth. 抵制、阻挡某事 resist doing sth. 反对做某事 can‘t resist doing sth. 忍不住做某事 be resistant to 对……有抵抗力

　　【即时巩固】

　　(1)The river banks could not ________________________. 河堤抵不住水压。 (2)A healthy diet should help your body ___________. 健康饮食有助于身体抵抗感染。 (3)I could hardly ____________. 我忍不住笑了起来。

　　重点短语精讲

　　考点1．take in包括；吸收；理解；欺骗；收留

　　【教材原句】It's a 79km round－trip that takes in all the famous tourist spots.这是一次往返79公里的旅行，它涵盖了所有著名的旅游景点。

　　【例句研读】

　　(1) A British newspaper says British Airways plans to take over Trans World Airways.一家英国报纸称，英国航空公司计划接管环球航空公司。

　　(2) My writing career took off when I discovered my own style.找到自己的写作风格后，我的写作事业开始有起色了。

　　(3) In the past few years，the village has taken on a new look.

　　在过去的几年，这个村庄呈现出了新面貌。

　　【归纳拓展】

　　take away 拿走；使离开；消除(病痛等) take down 记下来；拆掉 take for (错)当做；(误)以为 take off 起飞，匆匆离去；脱下 take on 呈现；雇用 take over 接收，接管，取代 take to 喜欢；养成……的习惯 take up 占去，占据；开始；从事

　　【即时巩固】

　　写出下列句中take in的意思。 (1)There she was taken in by an aged couple._____________

　　(2)Don't let yourself be taken in by his tricks.______________________ (3)The students found it easy to take in what their teacher had taught.____________________

　　(4)The dress was too big, so I took it in._____________________________ (5)The tour takes in six European capitals.________________________

　　考点2．make a life习惯于新的生活方式、工作等

　　【教材原句】Some died or returned home，but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship.

　　有些人死了或回家了，但是大多数人留在了加利福尼亚谋生，尽管困难重重。

　　【例句研读】

　　（1）In education we are striving not to teach youth to make a living，but to make a life.教育不是为了教会年轻人谋生，而是教会他们创造生活。

　　（2）My parents are retired and now live a comfortable life．我的父母亲退休了，现在过着舒适的生活。

　　（3）I love to watch everything coming to life again in the spring.我喜欢看春天里万物复苏。

　　【归纳拓展】

　　come to life变得活跃起来 bring sb./sth. to life使某物更生动；使某人/某物苏醒 lay down one’s life for sb. /sth.为……牺牲生命，献身 lead/live a．..life过着……的生活 make/earn a living谋生

　　【即时巩固】

　　(1)They emigrated to Australia to ____________ __________________. 他们移民到澳大利亚，开始全新的生活。 (2)Her songs ______ our history ____________ again. 她的歌曲又一次重现了我们的历史。

　　(3)Joanne __________________ as a dancer in a nightclub.乔安妮在夜总会当舞女，以此谋生。 (4)The match finally __________________ in the second half.比赛在下半场终于精彩起来。 (5)They were prepared to ________________________ for their country.他们准备为国捐躯。

　　考点3．pay off得到好结果；取得成功；偿清

　　【教材原句】But at last the determination and patience of the scientists paid off in 1996 with a breakthrough—the cloning of Dolly the sheep.

　　但是决心和耐心使科学家们最终于1996年收获了突破性的结果——克隆羊“多莉”。

　　【例句研读】

　　（1）That I can pay back the help people give me makes me happy.

　　能够回报人们给我的帮助让我感到很开心。

　　（2）If you don't work now，you'll pay for it later when you fail your exams.你现在不好好学，到考试不及格时就会为此而付出代价。

　　（3）Why is it always me who have to pay out?

　　为什么付款的总是我？

　　【归纳拓展】

　　pay money for sth. 付钱买…… pay for sth. 买…… pay back 还钱，报复 pay out 付出大笔款项；放松 pay up 付清欠款

　　【即时巩固】

　　(1)They ____________ their debt after ten years.十年后他们还清了债务。 (2)Two hundred workers have __________________. 200名工人已被结清工资了。 (3)They took a hell of a risk but it ____________. 他们冒了很大的风险，但事情成功了。

　　经典句型剖析

　　考点1

　　That is/was why...那就是……的原因。

　　【教材原句】That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.那就是今天为什么还有超过40%的加利福尼亚人仍然把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的缘故。

　　【句法分析】这是一个复合句，why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language在句子中作表语。That is/was why...那就是……的原因。

　　(1)That's why...这就是为什么……(why从句表示结果)

　　(2)That's because...这是因为……(because从句表示原因)

　　(3)The reason why/that/which/for...is/was that...……的原因是……

　　(表语从句常用that引导，而不用because)

　　【例句研读】

　　(1) That was why I came early.那就是我早来的原因。

　　(2) It was raining hard then. That was why I was late.那时正下着大雨。那就是我迟到的原因。

　　【即时巩固】

　　（1）Tom came late for the meeting. _______________he was ill.汤姆开会迟到了，那是因为他病了。

　　（2）___________Tom came late for the meeting was that he was ill.

　　汤姆开会迟到的原因是因为他病了。

　　考点2

　　whether...or意为“无论……还是……”

　　【教材原句】However，scientist still wonder whether cloning will help or harm us and where it is leading us.然而科学家们仍对克隆技术有助于人类还是有害于人类以及克隆技术将把我们引向哪里感到困惑。

　　【句法分析】whether...or意为“无论……还是……”常用来引导让步状语从句和名词性从句。

　　【拓展归纳】

　　whether or not无论是否

　　no matter whether无论(常引导状语从句)

　　whether是否(一般只引导名词性从句)

　　【例句研读】

　　（1）Maurice asked me whether I needed any help.莫里斯问我是否需要帮助。

　　（2）Whether he will go there or not makes no difference.(主语从句)无论他去不去那里都没关系。

　　（3）Whether you like it or not，you must do it well.不管你喜不喜欢，你必须做好它。

　　【即时巩固】

　　（1）我不知道他喜不喜欢它。

　　I don't know________________．

　　（2）老少，每天喝一杯都会让你非常高兴。

　　__________________it is for the old or the young，drinking a glass every day will make you very happy.无论

　　（3）我要打电话叫医生来，不管你愿不愿意。

　　I'm calling the doctor，____________________________________．