选修八
Module 5
“阅读＋七选五＋完形”组合练——练题型
(限时：35分钟)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2016·太原二模)Washington: NASA has announced evidence that Jupiter's largest moon, Ganymede, has a saltwater ocean under its icy surface. The ocean seems to have more water than all the water on Earth's surface, according to new Hubble observations.
New Hubble observations of Ganymede's magnetic field strongly suggest that the moon, which is the largest in our whole solar system, is home to a subsurface ocean.
Scientists estimate that the oceanis 95 kilometres thick, which is about 10 times deeper than Earth's oceans. But unlike our salty waters, Ganymede's ocean is buried under 150 kilometres of ice.
While scientists have speculated (推测) since the 1970s about the presence of an ocean on Ganymede — the largest moon in our solar system — until now the only observational evidence came from a brief flyby by the Galileo spacecraft, which didn't observe the moon long enough to confirm a liquid ocean.
This discovery marks an important milestone, highlighting what only Hubble can accomplish. In its 25 years in orbit, Hubble has made many scientific discoveries in our own solar system. A deep ocean under the icy surface of Ganymede opens up further exciting possibilities for life beyond Earth.
Scientists_have_already_confirmed_the_existence_of_an_ocean_on_Europa,_another moon orbiting Jupiter, and NASA has announced plans to send an unmanned mission there searching for the life that might come with liquid water.
Hubble is a telescope that orbits Earth, but because of its impressive gravitational analyses it can be used to study the inside of far distant planets. Using these same principles, scientists could theoretically detect oceans on distant exoplanets as well.
语篇解读：本文是一篇资讯报道。NASA证实木星的最大卫星Ganymede上有海洋，这一发现再次拓宽了科学家的视野，使探寻太阳系内地球以外的生命的努力更进了一步。
1.What can we learn about Ganymede from the passage?
A．It is a planet with the largest moon in our whole solar system.
B．Its ocean adds to people's excitement about life beyond Earth.
C．It will be used by NASA as a base for the Hubble telescope.
D．Its liquid ocean was first proved by the Galileo spacecraft.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句“A deep ocean under the icy surface of Ganymede opens up further exciting possibilities for life beyond Earth.”可知，木星卫星Ganymede上海洋的存在激发了人们探索地球以外的生命的热情。故选B项。
2．Which of the following best describes the writer's attitude towards Hubble?
A．Cautious.
B．Doubtful.
C．Negative.
D．Favourable.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第五段第一句可知，这次具有里程碑意义的发现只有哈勃望远镜能够完成。由此可推知，作者对哈勃望远镜持支持态度。故选D项。
3．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 6 mean?
A．An underground ocean has been found in Europa.
B．The presence of an underground ocean in Europa is not possible.
C．It is now certain that there is an ocean on Europa.
D．No evidence has shown the existence of an ocean on Europa.
解析：选C 句意猜测题。根据第六段中的“and NASA has announced plans to send ... with liquid water”可知，因为Europa上有水存在，NASA才宣布要在Europa上搜寻地外生命；由此可推知，画线句意为：科学家们已经证实Europa上存在海洋。故选C项。
4．What type of writing does this passage belong to?
A．A term essay.
B．A news report.
C．An experiment report.
D．An exploration review.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第一段“Washington: NASA has announced evidence ...”及文章内容可推知，本文为一篇资讯报道。故选B项。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
(2016·唐山市高三一模)It's normal to wake briefly during the night. __1__ But if you're waking up during the night and having trouble falling back asleep, the following tips may help.
Stay out of your head. The key to getting back to sleep is continuing to prepare your body for sleep, so remain in bed in a relaxed position. Hard as it may be, try not to stress over the fact that you're awake, because that very stress and anxiety encourage your body to stay awake. __2__
__3__ If you are finding it hard to fall back asleep, try a relaxation technique such as visualization (想象) or deep breathing, which can be done without even getting out of bed. Remind yourself that although they're not a replacement for sleep, rest and relaxation still help refresh your body.
Do a quiet, nonstimulating activity. If you've been awake for more than 15 minutes, try getting out of bed and doing a quiet, nonstimulating activity, such as reading a book. Keep the lights dim so as not to think that it's time to wake up. __4__ A light snack might relax you, but be careful not to eat so much that your body begins to expect a meal at that time of the day.
__5__ If you wake during the night feeling anxious about something, make a brief note of it on paper and delay worrying about it until the next day when you are fresh and it will be easier to resolve.
A．Make relaxation your goal, not sleep.
B．Put off worries and troubles.
C．Use a flashlight to go to the bathroom at night.
D．In fact, a good sleeper won't even remember it.
E．Also avoid screens of any kind — computers, TVs, cellphones or iPads.
F．You'll be much more productive and creative after a good night's rest.
G．A good way to stay out of your head is to focus on the feeling of your body.
答案：1～5 DGAEB
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2016·太原市高三第二学段测评)Reading and learning new words is about finding their meaning and use within a passage. The meaning of unknown words which you __1__ in your reading sometimes can be known by their __2__， that is, their contexts. The context of the sentence can tell us the part of speech (词性) of the __3__ word. Using the context of the paragraph to define unknown words can also be __4__.
Readers often have trouble because they understand the sentence word by word instead the __5__ meaning of a word, when they should identify the way it has been used in the passage.
One consideration in using the context is to determine the unknown word's part of speech. The words around the unknown word can give you __6__. Once you know if the word is a noun or an adjective, it is often enough for you to __7__ reading without having to stop to look up the meaning of the word. After coming across the word a few more times, you will know its meaning more __8__ than if you had just looked it up.
Comparison clues indicate that two or more things are __9__. A comparison is possible because the known and unknown words have __10__. The likeness shows you that comparisons can be made.
__11__ clues tell you an example of an unknown word. Example clues are usually __12__ by the following words and phrases: such as, for example, and like.
To find meaning from textbased clues, you should look for clues in the sentence. A second kind of clue does not __13__on specific words to indicate meaning. This
kind of context clue is called a frameworkbased clue. Your
knowledge of the meaning of surrounding words __14__ you discover the meaning of a word or sentence. Common __15__ and your knowledge of the parts of speech also help defining unknown words. For example, the angry driver shouted vehemently during his fight with the other driver. What does “vehemently”__16__？ You know what __17__ means, and you know how people __18__ when they argue. From this, you can __19__ out
that “vehemently” has something to do with strong __20__ or intense feeling.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了几种在阅读过程中学习生词的方法和技巧。
1.A.take down
B．look up
C．come across
D．pick out
解析：选C 有时候你在阅读中所遇到的生词的意思可以通过语境知道其含义。take down“记下”；look up“查阅”；come across“遇见”；pick out“找出”。下文中的“After coming across the word a few more times”也是提示，故C项正确。
2．A.sentences
B．words
C．topics
D．surroundings
解析：选D 根据“that is”可知，此空与contexts是同义词，与下文中的“The words around the unknown word”和“Your knowledge of the meaning of surrounding words”呼应，故D项正确。
3．A.unknown
B．abnormal
C．familiar
D．negative
解析：选A 句子的语境可以告诉我们生词的词性。与上文中的“unknown words”呼应可知，此处是指生词，故A项正确。abnormal“不正常的”；familiar“熟悉的”；negative“负面的”。
4．A.unique
B．natural
C．helpful
D．common
解析：选C 利用段落的语境来确定生词也是有帮助的。与下文中的“Common __15__ and your knowledge of the parts of speech also help defining unknown words.”呼应，故C项正确。
5．A.correct
B．inconvenient
C．different
D．satisfactory
解析：选A 读者经常遇到麻烦，因为他们逐字理解句子而不是(理解)一个词的正确意思。根据空格前的“Readers often have trouble”可推知，读者没有理解一个词的正确意思，即A项正确。
6．A.cases
B．reasons
C．effects
D．clues
解析：选D 生词周围的词可以给你(提供)线索。与下文中的“Comparison clues”呼应，故D项正确。
7．A.translate
B．interview
C．continue
D．examine
解析：选C 一旦你知道了这个词是名词还是形容词，那么你就可以不必停下来去查这个词的意思而继续读下去。根据空格后的“without having to stop”可知，此处应用continue“继续”，故C项正确。
8．A.strangely
B．uncertainly
C．potentially
D．firmly
解析：选D strangely“奇怪地”；uncertainly“犹豫地”；potentially“潜在地”；firmly“坚定地”。根据空格前的“After coming across the word a few more times”可知，在生词出现的频率较高的情况下，根据语境，读者就可以更加确定其具体的含义，故D项正确。
9．A.alike
B．meaningful
C．proper
D．great
解析：选A 比较性线索表明两个或多个事物是相似的。根据下文中的“The likeness”可知，此处表示事物的相似性，故A项正确。
10．A.properties
B．similarities
C．possibilities
D．personalities
解析：选B 之所以可能作比较是因为认识的词和不认识的词之间有相似性。根据下文中的“The likeness”可知，similarity“相似性”，符合语境。
11．A.Popularity
B．Consideration
C．Example
D．Comparison
解析：选C 例子线索会通过举例来提示读者。与空格后的“an example”和“Example clues”呼应，故C项正确。
12．A.affected
B．adjusted
C．changed
D．introduced
解析：选D 例子线索通常通过以下词或短语来提出。affect“影响”；adjust“调整”；change“改变”；introduce“提出”。故D项正确。
13．A.focus
B．spend
C．carry
D．rely
解析：选D 另一种线索并不是靠具体的词来表明(生词的)意思的。与上文“textbased clues”形成对比，这种线索不是依赖上下文而得出词义的，故D项正确。rely on“依赖”，符合语境。
14．A.prevents
B．helps
C．tells
D．displays
解析：选B 你对附近的词的意思的理解有助于你了解一个词或一个句子的意思。故B项正确。
15．A.point
B．taste
C．awareness
D．sense
解析：选D 常识和对词性的了解也有助于(读者)给生词下定义。固定搭配：common sense意为“常识”，符合语境，故D项正确。
16．A.mean
B．use
C．contain
D．complete
解析：选A “vehemently”是什么意思呢？与下文中的“You know what __17__ means”形成呼应，故A项正确。
17．A.angry
B．grateful
C．happy
D．anxious
解析：选A 你知道angry是什么意思，而且你(也)知道人们在争辩时的感受。与上文中的“the angry driver”呼应，故A项正确。
18．A.act
B．say
C．feel
D．think
解析：选C 根据上文中的“the angry driver”和空格所在句中的“how people __18__ when they argue”可推知，C项正确。
19．A.come
B．figure
C．take
D．set
解析：选B 由此你可以弄清楚“vehemently”与强烈的情感或紧张的情绪有关。come out“出现；出版”；figure out“弄明白”；take out“切除”；set out“出发”。
20．A.demand
B．ambition
C．attitude
D．emotion
解析：选D demand“要求”；ambition“野心”；attitude“态度”；emotion“情感”。与语境“or intense feeling”呼应可知，此处表示情感，故D项正确。