必修2
Unit 1 Cultural relics
(60分钟79分)
Part A
一、阅读理解(共7小题;每小题2分,满分14分)
A
Research has shown that first-born children are better than their kid brothers or sisters.First-borns do better on IQ tests and are more likely to become president of the United States but less likely to do drugs and so on.
But why birth order appears to matter so much for school achievement level is much less clear.Many theories have been put forward,ranging from to the stable family life and to different schoolings among children.Based on long studies of data from survey,Pantano and I offer a different explanation:It comes down to parents’ reputations for maintaining discipline(维持纪律) with their kids.
The basic idea is this:There are two types of parents—those who in our study we call “unforgiving” —they’ll punish children for poor school performance,regardless of the child’s birth order,and those who are “forgiving,” meaning they don’t like to punish any of their children,regardless of birth.The latter type of parents face a dilemma.If they don’t punish their oldest child’s poor behavior,all of their children will follow suit.As a result,all of them will tend not to work hard in school.To avoid this situation,forgiving parents are strict with their first-born,hoping to convey an idea that will influence the behavior of their younger children as well.The younger children,seeing their big brother or sister punished,will be less likely to slack off(懈怠) in school because they can’t be sure that mom and dad aren’t really unforgiving types.
So the outcome of this strategic parenting is that while all children benefit from the first-born’s punishments,the influence is the greatest on the eldest child.
1.According to the author,first-born children’s better performance lies in.
A.personal awareness B.school education
C.different parenting D.family background
2.What is the point of the 3rd paragraph?
A.To inform the readers of the basis of the research.
B.To explain how the study was conducted.
C.To expose the truth of the parenting problem.
D.To show how parents can influence their kids.
3.The best title for the passage is probably.
A.Studies on raising first-borns
B.How to teach kids behave better in school
C.Different parenting styles
D.Why first-born kids do better in school
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文,介绍为何头胎孩子胜过他们的弟弟妹妹们。
1.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,由于父母对孩子的教育方式不同,因此头胎孩子获益最大,故选C项。
2.A 段落大意题。由第三段第一句“The basic idea is this:”可知,作者主要说明研究的基本内容。故选A项。
3.D 标题归纳题。纵观全文,主要讨论为何头胎孩子胜过他们的弟弟妹妹们,在学校表现更突出。D项概括了文章主旨。
B
When her five daughters were young,Helene An always told them that there was strength in unity(团结).To show this,she held up one chopstick,representing one person.Then she easily broke it into two pieces.Next,she tied several chopsticks together,representing a family.She showed the girls it was hard to break the tied chopsticks.This lesson about family unity stayed with the daughters as they grew up.
Helene An and her family own a large restaurant business in California.However,when Helene and her husband Danny left their home in Vietnam in 1975,they didn’t have much money.They moved their family to San Francisco.There they joined Danny’s mother,Diana,who owned a small Italian sandwich shop.Soon afterwards,Helene and Diana changed the sandwich shop into a small Vietnamese restaurant.The five daughters helped in the restaurant when they were young.However,Helene did not want her daughters to always work in the family business because she thought it was too hard.
Eventually the girls all graduated from college and went away to work for themselves,but one by one,the daughters returned to work in the family business.They opened new restaurants in San Francisco and Los Angeles.Even though family members sometimes disagreed with each other,they worked together to make the business successful.Daughter Elizabeth explains,“Our mother taught us that to succeed we must have unity,and to have unity we must have peace.Without the strength of the family,there is no business.”
Their expanding business became a large corporation in 1996,with three generations of Ans working together.Now the Ans’ corporation makes more than $20 million each year.Although they began with a small restaurant,they had big dreams,and they worked together.Now they are a big success.
1.Helene tied several chopsticks together to show.
A.the strength of family unity
B.the difficulty of growing up
C.the advantage of chopsticks
D.the best way of giving a lesson
2.We can learn from Paragraph 2 that the An family.
A.started a business in 1975
B.left Vietnam without much money
C.bought a restaurant in San Francisco
D.opened a sandwich shop in Los Angeles
3.What can we infer about the An daughters?
A.They did not finish their college education.
B.They could not bear to work in the family business.
C.They were influenced by what Helene taught them.
D.They were troubled by disagreement among family members.
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A.How to Run a Corporation
B.Strength Comes from Peace
C.How to Achieve a Big Dream
D.Family Unity Builds Success
【文章大意】本文是记叙文。在女儿们很小的时候,Helene An就教她们团结的力量。女儿们在大学毕业后一起接管家族生意,她们的团结让生意越做越大。
1.A 细节理解题。根据文章第一句中的“Helene An always told them that there was strength in unity”可知,她用筷子来说明团结的力量。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“However,when Helene and her husband Danny left their home in Vietnam in 1975,they didn’t have much money.”可知,他们离开越南的时候,并没有多少钱。
3.C 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Our mother taught us that to succeed we must have unity,and to have unity we must have peace.”可知,孩子们受母亲的影响,懂得团结的力量。
4.D 主旨大意题。全文讲述了一家人团结一致,将家族生意越做越大的故事,因此D项最能概括文章主旨。
二、语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
A British teenager,Danny Bowman aged 19 years old,once 1.(spend) 10 hours a day taking selfies(自拍).Now,he is receiving regular treatment to help him deal with his addiction.
His addiction started at age 15 and quickly out of control,leading him to attempt to kill himself due to 2.(anxious) that he couldn’t take the perfect selfie.3.his worst,he would cut a class three times an hour to take a selfie,eventually 4.(drop) out of school at age 16,at 5.point his health started to fall apart,because he would limit 6.to an apple and a bowl of rice a day in a bid to be thinner and better his skin.He also didn’t leave his houses for six months due to being unsatisfied with how he looked.7.(worry),his mother had to seek help,which eventually led to him being treated.He is believed 8.(be) Britain’s first case.
Selfie addiction is a phenomenon that increasing numbers of mental health experts are recognizing,9.Danny’s case is 10.(particular) extreme.A doctor said it was a mental health problem,which can lead to a serious consequence.
1.spent。分析句子结构可知,此处所填词为谓语动词,且叙述的是过去发生的动作,所以应使用一般过去时。spend的过去式为spent。
2.anxiety。介词短语due to意为“由于”,后接名词作宾语。anxious的名词形式为anxiety。
3.At。固定搭配“at one’s+形容词的最高级”意为“处在最……的状态”。
4.dropping。动词短语drop out of意为“辍学”,与主语he之间构成主谓关系,所以用现在分词作状语。
5.which。先行词age 16在非限制性定语从句中作定语,所以用at which point引导。
6.himself。谓语动词limit后的宾语与主语he一致,所以用反身代词himself。
7.Worried。此处应用形容词作状语,worry的形容词为worried。
8.to be。固定句式“sb.be believed”后接动词不定式。此处动词be与主句的谓语动词believe是同时发生的,所以用动词不定式的一般式。
9.but。前后句表示转折关系,所以用but引导。
10.particularly。此处修饰形容词extreme,应用副词形式。
Part B
一、完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)
In our modern world,when something wears out,we throw it away and buy a new one.The 1 is that countries around the world have growing mountains of 2 because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before.
How did we 3 a throwaway society?First of all,it is now easier to 4 an object than to spend time and money to repair it. 5 modern manufacturing(制造业)and technology,companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively.Products are plentiful and 6 .
Another cause is our 7 of disposable(一次性的)products.As 8 people,we are always looking for 9 to save time and make our lives easier.Companies 10 thousands of different kinds of disposable products:paper plates,plastic cups,and cameras,to name a few.
Our appetite for new products also 11 to the problem.We are 12 buying new things.Advertisements persuade us that 13 is better and that we will be happier with the latest products.The result is that we 14 useful possessions to make room for new ones.
All around the world,we can see the 15 of this throwaway lifestyle.Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger.To 16 the amount of rubbish and to protect the 17 ,more governments are requiring people to recycle materials. 18 ,this is not enough to solve(解决)our problem.
Maybe there is another way out.We need to repair our possessions 19 throwing them away.We also need to rethink our attitudes about 20 .Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.
1.A.key B.reason
C.project D.problem
2.A.gifts B.rubbish
C.debt D.products
3.A.face B.become
C.observe D.change
4.A.hide B.control
C.replace D.withdraw
5.A.Thanks to B.As to
C.Except for D.Regardless of
6.A.safe B.funny
C.cheap D.powerful
7.A.love B.lack
C.prevention D.division
8.A.sensitive B.kind
C.brave D.busy
9.A.ways B.places
C.jobs D.friends
10.A.donate B.receive
C.produce D.preserve
11.A.adapts B.returns
C.responds D.contributes
12.A.tired of B.addicted to
C.worried about D.ashamed for
13.A.newer B.stronger
C.higher D.larger
14.A.pick up B.pay for
C.hold onto D.throw away
15.A.advantages B.purposes
C.functions D.consequences
16.A.show B.record
C.decrease D.measure
17.A.technology B.environment
C.consumers D.brands
18.A.However B.Otherwise
C.Therefore D.Meanwhile
19.A.by B.in favor of
C.after D.instead of
20.A.spending B.collecting
C.repairing D.advertising
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。如今我们用过的东西随手就扔掉了,慢慢地我们的社会就变成了一个一次性的社会。为什么会产生这样的现象?我们应如何解决这一问题?本文对此进行了阐述。
1.D 根据下文“people are throwing out...”可知,这是个严重的社会问题。
2.B 根据空后的“because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before”可知,因为人们扔的垃圾越来越多,世界上的垃圾山日益增多。
3.B 根据空后的“a throwaway society”可知,作者问:我们是如何成为一个一次性的社会的?
4.C 根据空前的easier和空后的“to spend time and money to repair it”可知,替换一件东西比花费时间和金钱去修理要容易得多。
5.A “modern manufacturing and technology”是“companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively”的原因,因此用thanks to。
6.C 根据前文的“quickly and inexpensively”可知,产品充足,价格便宜。
7.A 根据后文的“we are always looking for 9 to save time and make our lives easier”可知,对于一次性产品的喜爱是我们扔掉太多垃圾的原因。
8.D 根据下文的“to save time and make our lives easier”可知,我们是一些忙碌的人。
9.A 我们总是在寻找能节省时间和让生活变得更容易的方式。
10.C 公司可以生产无数的一次性产品。
11.D 根据空前的“Our appetite for new products”可知,我们对新产品的渴望也导致了这个问题。
12.B 根据“Our appetite for new products” 可知,我们对购买新产品上瘾。be tired of“厌倦”;be worried about“担心”;be ashamed for“羞愧于”。
13.A 根据空后的“with the latest products”可知,广告告诉我们,新的产品更好。
14.D 根据空后的“to make room for new ones”可知,我们常常扔掉还有用的物品,给新的东西腾出地方。pick up“捡起”;pay for“支付”;hold onto“坚持”。
15.D 根据下文的“Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger.”可知,在世界各地我们可以看到这种一次性的生活方式造成的后果。
16.C 根据空后的“more governments are requiring people to recycle materials”可知,人们要减少垃圾。
17.B 减少垃圾、回收物品的目的就是保护环境。
18.A 根据空后的“this is not enough to solve our problem”可知,空前后为转折关系。
19.D 根据空前的“Maybe there is another way out.”可知,我们需要修理我们的物品,而不是扔掉它们。
20.A 根据下文可知,我们也要再次考虑我们的消费态度。
二、七选五阅读填空(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)
Learn to think
“I will think of it.” It is easy to say this. 1 We can not see our thoughts,or hear,or taste,or feel them;and yet what mighty power they have!
Sir Isaac Newton was seated in his garden on a summer’s evening,when he saw an apple fall from a tree. 2 Later,he discovered how the earth,sun,moon,and stars were kept in their places.
3 He began to think;he wanted to find out why the steam in the kettle moved the heavy lid.From that time he went on thinking and thinking.When he became a man,he improved the steam engine so much that it could,with the greatest ease,do the work of many horses. 4
A man named Galileo was once standing in the cathedral of Pisa,when he saw a chandelier swaying to and fro.This set him thinking,and it led to the invention of the pendulum.
Boys,when you have a difficult lesson to learn,don’t feel discouraged,and help yourselves before asking someone to help you. 5
(2015·江西南昌十所重点中学二模)
A.But do you know what great things have come from thinking?
B.Think,and by thinking you will learn how to think to some purpose.
C.A boy named James Watt sat quietly by the fireside,watching the lid of the tea kettle as it moved up and down.
D.And do you know how to think?
E.When you see a steamboat,a steam mill,remember that it would never have been built if it had not been for the hard thinking of someone.
F.He began to think,trying to find out why the apple fell.
G.He was a famous physicist and good at thinking.
【文章大意】这篇短文主要通过三个例子来讲述思考的重要作用。
1.A 空格前面提到“说‘我会想一下’是很容易的”,空格后面说“我们不能看到、听到、品尝到或感觉到我们的想法”。所以此处应选A项“但是你知道哪些伟大的事情都来自思考吗”承上启下。
2.F 根据上一句“他看见一个苹果从一棵树上落下来”和空格后一句“后来,他发现地球、太阳、月亮和星星都固定在它们的轨道上”可知,此处表达的意思是他开始思考为什么苹果会落下来。F项符合语境。
3.C 根据下句“他开始思考;他想找出为什么水壶里的蒸汽移动了沉重的盖子”可知,此处是说瓦特看到茶壶的盖子上下移动。故选C项。
4.E 根据上句“当他长大以后,他改进了蒸汽机,以至于它可以很轻松地做很多马做的工作”可知,E项承接上文,符合语境。
5.B 本段是说要学会独立思考,B项内容符合语境。
三、短文改错(满分10分)
May 20,2015
I have stayed in Shanghai alone for a week.It’s time for me to going to my real home—it was in Beijing.My parents are waiting for me.Although outside is no matter what beautiful,Beijing is still my home.In the fact,there are many fresh things.Like red bayberries.In the afternoon,I take a bus to Beijing.Besides,I was very unlucky that my MP3 stolen.I was very sad.I didn’t know why thieves went to steal other things.Why don’t they hunt for the job?I don’t know why!I hope there is no thief at our motherland.
(2016·江西赣中南五校联考)
1.第2句:going→go。此处是“It’s time for sb.to do sth.”句型。
2.第2句:was→is。根据上下文逻辑关系可知此处需用一般现在时。
3.第4句:what→how。形容词前用how修饰。
4.第5句:删除the。in fact意为“事实上,实际上”,固定短语。
5.第7句:take→took。根据后文可知此处讲述的是过去发生的事情。
6.第8句:Besides→However。此处与上文是转折关系。
7.第8句:在stolen前加was。MP3与谓语steal是被动关系,需用一般过去时的被动语态。
8.第10句:other→others’。小偷偷“别人的”东西,所以things前面需用所有格形式作定语。
9.第11句:the→a。此处泛指“工作”,需用不定冠词。
10.第13句:at→in。此处指“在我们国家”,用介词in表示“在……内”。