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英语 第3讲 定语从句在写作中的应用 ——句里乾坤，一锤定音 一、魔法导航 在英语写作中使用复杂的句式结构是提高书面表达档次、增加语言亮点的主 要途径之一,而定语从句就是复杂结构中的重要一项。因此,在写作中巧妙地 运用定语从句可为我们的文章“增光添彩”。书面表达中定语从句的常用形 式如下: 1.who和whom引导定语从句时,指人。另外,在限制性定语从句中如果它们作 宾语可省略。 典句引领 This reminds me of my mother who has been doing whatever she can to let me have the best. 这使我想起了我的妈妈,她一直竭尽全力让我拥有最好的东西。 雕词琢句 (1)I am Li Jin, (是学生会主席)in Chenguang Middle School. (2015 天津) 答案 who is chairman of the Student Union
(2)我想采访的人是杨利伟。 (2015安徽)
答案 The person who I would like to interview is Yang Liwei. 2.which引导定语从句时,指物,that引导定语从句时,既可指人又可指物。另外, which或that在限制性定语从句中作宾语可省略。 典句引领 I can learn all the important things that have happened during the week. 我能够了 解这周内发生的所有重要的事情。 雕词琢句 (1)I'd like to invite you to join us for a visit to the nearby nursing home next Sat- urday for the Double Ninth Festival, (它是为老年人设立的节日) in our culture. (2015课标全国Ⅱ) 答案 which is the day for the elderly (2)最后我们和这位老工匠(craftsman)以及我们制作的面人拍了照片。(2015 北京)
答案 Finally, we took pictures with the old craftsman and the dough figurines
that we made.
3.whose 引导定语从句时,既可指人又可指物,可转换为the+n.+of+whom/which 的形式。 典句引领 I paid a visit to a school nearby whose environment was very beautiful.我参观了 附近的一所学校,它的环境非常优美。 雕词琢句 (1)I would like to interview Zhang Haidi (她的经历深深鼓舞了 我). 答案 whose experience has inspired me deeply
(2)我认识这个小男孩,他的妈妈是位科学家。
答案 I know the little boy whose mother is a scientist. 4.as引导定语从句时,意为“正如”,有引起下文的作用。 典句引领 As we all know, our friends will lend us a helping hand when we need help. (2017 重庆) 众所周知,当我们需要帮助时,我们的朋友会伸出援手。 雕词琢句 (正如古谚语所说), living without a clear and achievable aim is like sailing without a compass. 答案 As an old saying goes 5.由which引导的非限制性定语从句,有总结、点评上文的作用。 典句引领 He was always working hard, which made him pass the university entrance exam- inations.
他一直学习很努力,这使他通过了高考。 雕词琢句 (1)I hope you can help the students in our class to learn more about English and western culture, (这能增进我们的理解).(2017天津) 答案 which can increase our understanding
(2)十年后,我将建立自己的公司,这能帮助很多人解决就业的问题。(2017课标 全国Ⅱ)
答案 In ten years, I will build up my own firm, which can help many people
solve the problem of finding a job. 6.使用关系副词where,why和when引导的定语从句。 典句引领 The picture shows us a touching moment when a little girl comes to greet her mom.
这张图片向我们展示了一个感人的时刻,一个小女孩过来迎接她的妈妈。 雕词琢句 (1)At no time will I forget the happy time (我们一起学习英语). 答案 when we learned English together (2)我打算参加龙舟训练营(Dragon Boat Training Camp),在那儿我可以参加多 种活动。(2015北京)
答案 I am going to join the Dragon Boat Training Camp where I can take part
in various kinds of activities.
二、学以致用 1.完美文章 结合括号中的提示,用定语从句完成下面的文章。 Hi! Tom, Nice to read your e-mail today.I notice you've begun to use Chinese idioms and used most of them correctly. However,I'm afraid there is (1) (我想指出来的一个错误). It is the idiom “无所不为”,(2) (它的意思是做各种各样 的坏事).Are you doing all kinds of bad things at home? I guess (3) (你真正想说的意思) is that you've got nothing to do these days.In that case,you should use “无所事事”.We usually use “无所不为” to express the
idea that people dare to do anything bad,and “无所事事” to describe (4) (人们没有有意义的事情可做的情形).Have I made myself clear? Anyway,I'm amazed at (5) (你已经取得的进步). Hope you'll find a job soon. Li Hua 答案 (1)one mistake (that/which) I'd like to point out (2)which means “do all kinds of bad things” (3)the idea that you were really trying to say (4)the situation where/in which people have got nothing meaningful to do (5)the progress (that/which) you've made 2.话题写作 [本期话题] 学校生活 [写作要求] 至少运用三种定语从句。 根据下面的汉语提示,写一篇70词左右的英语短文。 1.众所周知,课外活动对学生的健康成长非常重要。 2.我们学校的课外活动丰富多彩,其中我最喜欢踢足球。 3.它不仅锻炼了我的身体,而且还塑造了我的性格。 4.在活动中,我还结交了很多兴趣相同的朋友。 5.我认为,学生应该积极参加自己喜欢的课外活动。 答案 One possible version: As we all know, out-of-class activities are of great importance to the healthy growth of the students. There are various out-of-class activities in our school, of which playing football is my favorite, which has not only built up my body but al- so shaped my character. In addition, I have made some friends who have the same interest as me. All in all, I think students should take an active part in out-of-class activities that they like.
三、美文赏读 (2017重庆 写作二) 青少年研究专家Susan Beacham在自己的英文网站上开辟专栏,邀请大家分享 心目中的“最好礼物”。她认为,礼物贵在心意,应为之付出时间和精力。假 设你是李华,请用英文发帖,内容应包括: ●赞同Susan的看法 ●你收到或送出的最好礼物是什么 ●该礼物的意义 ●期待大家回复 注意:(1)词数不少于80; (2)符合语言规范; (3)开头已给出(不计入总词数)。 [我来试写] I am a high school student from China.
答案 One possible version: I am a high school student from China.Recently I have read an article ①which/ that was written by Susan Beacham,②who thinks whether a gift is suitable lies not in its value but in the giver's heart,and that the giver should devote time and energy to the gift.I agree with Susan,③whose article reminds me of my best gift,a pen given by my father,④who was a worker.When I was in junior middle school, my father bought me a nice pen with his small salary,wishing me to study hard. From then on,the pen has been my best companion,⑤which has been encouraging me to study hard.I am looking forward to everyone's reply. 本文①—⑤充分运用了which、that、who、whose引导的定语从句,从而符合 了高考书面表达评分标准中“尽力使用较复杂结构”这一要求,给文章增添 了亮色,给阅卷老师留下深刻的印象,提升了作文档次。
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