重庆市2017高考英语阅读理解选编（37）（附解析）
【2016模拟题】 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
In the late 1990s, a family visited the school where I taught deaf students. They said they would be moving here and planned to send their deaf daughter to my school as a first grader. They were upset that their child’s kindergarten teacher told them not to have high hopes for her. The teacher painted a bleak (暗淡的) picture for their little girl’s future. Standing behind them was Katherine, a beautiful five-year-old with long hair and dark eyes. The whole time her parents were there she didn’t make a sound or use sign language, even when her parents asked her to do so.
After a few weeks with Katherine, I discovered I was dealing with a very bright child. Although I was able to make her join in different learning activities, writing was always a struggle. I tried all kinds of methods to interest her in writing. Every time the pencils came out, she would refuse to write.
One day Katherine got off her bus and stood in front of the school crying. The teachers there did not know enough sign language to ask her what happened. Finally they led her into the office where they handed her a pen and a piece of paper. Katherine wrote: “PAC BAK.” Immediately the teachers realized she left her backpack on the bus. They called the bus driver back to school and soon Katherine got her backpack back.
That day Katherine discovered the power of the pen. From then on she fell in love with writing. She is a young woman now and has become an excellent writer, public speaker and student leader.
1. When the author first met her, Katherine _____.
A. kept silent
B. kept crying
C. was studying
D. was unhappy
2. What was Katherine’s problem after a few weeks with the author?
A. She didn’t like to write at all.
B. She couldn’t use sign language.
C. She always left her backpack on the bus.
D. She had no interest in learning activities.
3. What’s the meaning of “Katherine discovered the power of the pen”?
A. Katherine used a pen for the first time.
B. Katherine became interested in writing.
C. Katherine understood how to use the pen. D. Katherine knew what the pen was used for.
(学校生活)本文是记叙文。文章介绍了聋哑儿童凯瑟琳如何开始对写作感兴趣。
1. A。细节理解题。根据第一段的The whole time her parents were there she didn’t make a sound or use sign language, even when her parents asked her to do so可知，作者第一次见凯瑟琳的时候，她一直保持沉默。
2. A。细节理解题。根据第二段的writing was always a struggle ... Every time the pencils came out, she would refuse to write可知，与凯瑟琳相处几周后，作者发现她一直抗拒写作。
3. B。推理判断题。根据最后一段的From then on she fell in love with writing可知，从凯瑟琳的书包失而复得那天起，她发现了笔的力量。如今的她已成为一名优秀的作家、演讲家和学生领导者。由此可知，从那天起她对写作产生了兴趣。
阅读理解2017·烟台3月诊断性考试Fahad Azad，an engineer in India，invented a robot named DuctBot.The toycar sized DuctBot measured 23 centimeters in length,19 centimeters in width and 9 centimeters in height and weighs just two kilograms.
The robot is designed to snake through dark，narrow air conditioning ducts (管道) and clean them.A pair of LEDs fitted on the robot light up the dirty scenery，so it can be captured (抓拍) by a camera.
In order to control it more easily，Mr Azad chooses to fix DuctBot on wheels.The robot can clean off lots of dirt，as well as dead pigeons and insects.Keeping indoor air in good quality and monitoring carbondioxide levels in buildings with central air conditioning is a challenge.It is important in some places where clean air can mean a difference between life and death，such as hospitals.Dirty air has a bad influence on people’s health.
EPSCO，a Dubaibased company which specializes in improving indoor air quality，read about Mr Azad’s invention in a national newspaper after he had won an international robotics competition.EPSCO had cleaning equipment，but it needed someone to get into those ducts to do the dirty，dangerous work.Across India，for example，the task still falls to children.They are small enough to go through those ducts.
In 2005，Mr Azad who was still at university decided to do something about it.Six years later his own company，Robosoft Systems，has Bluestar，EPSCO and the Indian Navy，some leading air condition makers，as partners.
Mr Azad and his ten employees are currently exploring robot designs to examine oil tanks or sewage (污水) pipes.Their biggest challenge is to make the robots userfriendly enough.Mr Azad hopes that the robot could eventually be operated not by engineers but by workers.There will be lots of difficulties they need to overcome in the future.
1．What can we learn about Ductbot?
A．It is a toy car and popular with children.
B．It is designed to move like a snake in the ducts.
C．many LEDs are fitted on it to tell its location.
D．It is actually a camera to capture dirty scenery.
2．The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refers to “________”．
A．the cameraB．the conditioning duct
C．the LED light
D．the dirty scenery
3．What can the Ductbot do for us?
A．Clean off the dirt in the ducts.
B．Control the central conditioning.
C．Reduce carbondioxide in buildings.
D．Protect more animals in city.
4. According to the text，EPSCO________.
A．has won an international robotics competition
B．hired children to clean the dirty ducts in the past
C．is the only partner of Robosoft Systems
D．specializes in improving people’s health
5．What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
A．Only engineers can operate the Ductbot now.
B．New ways have been found to examine oil tanks.
C．Azad’s difficulties are impossible to overcome.
D．Azad’s team are working to improve their robot designs.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了印度的一名工程师发明了一种可以进入空调管道来清理空调灰尘的机器人。
1．解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句“The robot is designed to snake through dark，narrow air conditioning ducts (管道) and clean them.”可知，它像蛇一样在管道中行走。
答案： B
2．解析： 指代判断题。根据文章第二段第二句“A pair of LEDs fitted on the robot light up the dirty scenery”并结合下文可推知，此处的it代指的是the dirty scenery，故答案D符合文意。
答案： D
3．解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句“The robot is designed to snake through dark，narrow air conditioning ducts (管道) and clean them.”和第三段的第二句“The robot can clean off lots of dirt...”可知，这种机器人可以清理管道里的垃圾。
答案： A
4．解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第四段的第二句和第三句“EPSCO had cleaning equipment，but it needed someone to get into those ducts to
the dirty，dangerous work.Across India，for example，the task still falls to children”可知，EPSCO公司在过去经常雇佣小孩来清理管道垃圾。
答案： B
5．解析： 段落大意题。根据文章最后一段的前两句“Mr Azad and his ten employees are currently exploring robot designs to examine oil tanks or sewage (污水) pipes.Their biggest challenge is to make the robots userfriendly enough.”和整体理解可知，本段主要讲的是Azad团队正在致力于改善自己的机器人设计，故答案D符合文意。
答案： D.阅读理解2017·山东省潍坊市五校联合高三下学期期中考试At times my mom has been uncomfortable seeing these qualities in me.For example，when I was 12，I went to Puerto Rico all by myself to stay with my grandmother for the summer.My mom was extremely nervous about it.She kept telling me how things were different in Puerto Rico，to always put on sunscreen，not to wander away from my grandmother，and other warnings.She helped me pack and did not leave the airport until she saw my plane take off.
But despite her worries，she let me go on my own.As I moved into my teens，she continued to give me space to grow and learn，even when it might have been difficult for her.When I reached my senior year，I decided to move away for college.Once again I found that I differed from my peers：While many of them wanted to stay close to home，I couldn’t wait to be out in the world on my own.While my mom may not have been happy at the thought of my going away，she was supportive and excited for me.
One big thing I realized during my senior year，as my mom granted me more freedom，was that she actually believes in me and trusts me.That means a lot.Most of my life，and especially when I was little，the main person I tried to impress in my schoolwork or other things was my mother.I knew she expected nothing but the best from me.Sometimes it was hard to live up to her standards；getting a single B on my report card would make me feel bad because I knew she wanted me to have all A’s.
I know that her high standards have helped me stay focused on what’s important，like education，and made me who I am.I am thankful for her support and involvement in my life.Most of all I respect her.She is the strongest woman I know and that’s why I have turned out so strong and independent.
1．When the author decided to go to Puerto Rico，his mother________.
A．wanted to go with him
B．worried about his safety
C．didn’t allow him to do so
D．asked his grandmother for advice
2．The author decided to move away for college to________.
A．be different from his peers
B．keep away from his mother
C．be independent in the outside world
D．make his mother unhappy
3．We can learn from the third paragraph that the author’s mother________.
A．had a high expectation of him
B．was too strict with him
C．used to expect nothing from him
D．cared little about his learning
4．We can learn from the last paragraph that the author________.
A．is quite grateful for his mother’s trust
B．still doesn’t quite understand his mother’s attitude
C．doesn’t like his mother’s involvement in his life
D．wishes to have more freedom from his mother
5．In the passage，the author mainly wants to tell us________.
A．his long way to becoming independent
B．his good relationship with his mother
C．the importance of a mother’s trust and support
D．his mother’s deep love for him
语篇解读 作者做每一次决定时，母亲都会给予信任和支持，使作者最终变得强大、独立。
1．解析： 考查细节理解。从文章第一段母亲的诸多叮嘱和警告可知，母亲为作者的安全担心。
答案： B
2．解析： 考查细节理解。从文章第二段倒数第二句中的“I couldn’t wait to be out in the world on my own”可知，作者是想在外独立。
答案： C
3．解析： 考查细节理解。从文章第三段中的“I knew she expected nothing but the best from me.”可知，母亲对作者期望很高。
答案： A
4．解析： 考查推理判断。从文章最后一段最后三句话可知，作者对母亲给予自己的信任十分感激。
答案： A
5．解析： 考查推理判断。综合全文可知，母亲的信任和支持使作者能够独立而强大，因此可知，本文的主要目的是说明母亲对孩子信任和支持的重要性。
答案：C, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(2017·哈尔滨市质检，C)
Your name made you do it, though unconsciously, suggests new research that finds your name can negatively make you achieve less.
Psychologists at Yale and the University of California, San Diego studying the unconscious influence of names say a preference for our own names and initials—the “nameletter effect”—can have some negative consequences.
Students whose names begin with C or D get lower grades than those whose names begin with A or B; major league baseball players whose first or last names began with K are significantly more likely to strike out.
Assistant professors Leif Nelson of UCSD and Joseph Simmons of Yale have conducted five studies over five years using information from thousands of individuals.
“The conscious process is that baseball players want to get a hit and students want to get A's，” Nelson says. “So if you get a change in performance in agreement with the nameletter effect, it clearly shows there must be some unconscious desire operating in the other direction.”
The researchers' work supports a series of studies published since 2002 that have found the “nameletter effect” causes people to make life choices based on names that resemble (类似) their own. Those studies by Brett Pelham, an associate professor at SUNY University, have found that people are disproportionately (不定比例地) likely to live in states or cities resembling their names, have careers that resemble their names and even marry those whose surnames begin with the same letter as their own.
The twist, says, is that he has believed the nameletter effect would apply only to positive outcomes. Nelson and Simmons, he says, are “showing it applies more so to negative things than positive things.”
The researchers say the effect is definitely more of a coincidence (巧合) than a fact. “I know plenty of Chrises and Davids who have done very well in school，” Pelham says.
文章大意：本文为一篇议论文。加州和耶鲁大学的心理学家通过研究发现，名字与成功之间存在着“姓名－字母效应”，而对此结果，有些研究人员则表示否定，认为这不过是巧合而已。
1．The new research is mainly about the relationship between one's ________.
A．name and unconsciousness
B．name and characteristics
C．name and success
D．sports and school achievements
答案：C 细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句“... new research that finds your name can negatively make you achieve less.”可知，这项研究发现，尽管是无意识的，但你的名字会对你的成功有一些消极影响。因此可推断出，这项研究主要是研究姓名与成功之间的关系。故答案选C。
2．Who may serve as an example to show the “nameletter effect”？
A．Miss Smith working as a lawyer.
B．Mr. Watt living in Washington.
C．Charles Brown married to Sue Rogers.
D．Paula Snow fond of the color white.
答案：B 推理判断题。根据第五段第一句中的“... ‘nameletter effect’ causes people to make life choices based on names that resemble (类似) their own”可知，“姓名－字母效应”使得人们选择与自己姓名字母相似的城市去生活。因此B项“Mr. Watt living Washington”是个很好的例子，因为他的名字的开头字母与城市的开头字母是“W”。故答案选B。
3．The last paragraph mainly tells us that the “nameletter effect” ________.
A．isn't believed in by many people
B．doesn't work with certain names
C．does not really exist
D．is often too little to show
答案：D 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段内容可知，Pelham认为这项研究的结果纯属巧合，据他所知，很多以C或D为开头字母姓名的人成绩就很好。因此，他认为这种“姓名－字母效应”的研究结果没什么作用。故答案选D。