重庆市2017高考英语阅读理解选编（78）（附解析）
（2017高考训练）阅读理解。
You know how wonderful you are, and you know that others know how wonderful you are, but what do you do when admiration crosses over the line into jealousy (嫉妒)? For most teens there will come a day when you realize that one of your friends is jealous and that this jealousy is hurting your friendship. When this happens it can seem like there is nothing that you can do, but the good news is that there is. Don't let jealousy spoil your friendship. Deal with it confidently and you might be back to normal much sooner than you think.
It can be hard to walk up to a friend and ask them what the problem is, but if you want to save your friendship you'll have to do just that. Don't approach them and ask why they are jealous of you unless of course you want to appear totally conceited (逞能的), just take some time alone with them and let them know that you've been feeling like there's been something coming between you. If they refuse to respond, then use the opportunities to explain how you have been feeling. Chances are that something you say will strike a nerve and your friend will open up as well.
When you figure out what is annoying your friend, ask him or her what (s)he thinks would make the situation better. If, for example, (s)he says that (s)he feels like (s)he doesn't get to spend any time with you because of your being off with your new friends from the swim team then maybe you could invite him or her along the next time or block off one day a week for just the two of you. Remember, though, that whatever solution you decide on should be a compromise. Don't limit your own talents or opportunities simply because your friend is unhappy. Try instead to include him or her in your new life and see how that works out.
Even the best of friendships can be ruined by jealousy. This destructive emotion is rarely productive and can turn best friends into worst enemies. Before taking extreme action, chat with your jealous friend to see if the two of you can work out a compromise. If you can't, be prepared to know exactly how far you will go to keep your friend and how far you won't.
1.According to the author, the jealousy emotion is ________.
A.normal B.productive
C.destructive
D.extreme
2.What does the author intend to tell us in paragraph 2?
A.How to solve the problem of jealousy.
B.Why we need to solve the problem of jealousy.
C.How to explain your jealousy to your friends.
D.Why it is hard to deal with the problem of jealousy.
3.What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?
A.There's always a solution to solve the problem of jealousy.
B.Jealousy can turn best friends into worst enemies.
C.You may lose a friend to keep your own gifts, chances or selfdevelopment.
D.You should go a long way with your friend to work out a solution.
4.This passage is mainly intended for ________.
A.female readers
B.students
C.teenagers
D.best friends
1．解析：选C 细节理解题由第一段第二句“...that this jealousy is hurting your friendship.”可知2．解析：选A 段落大意题本段内容主要讲的是处理有嫉妒心朋友的方法据此判断答案选A3．解析：选C 推理判断题根据倒数第二段最后两句“Don't limit your own talents ...that works out.”可知4．解析：选C 细节理解题根据第一段第二句“For most teens there will come a day when you realize that one of your friends is jealous and that this jealousy is hurting your friendship.”中的关键词 teens可知答案是C(2017·天津模拟)
I heard many parents complaining that their teenage children are rebelling(叛逆). I wish it were so. At your age you ought to be growing away from your parents. You should be learning to stand on your own feet. But take a good look at the present rebellion. It seems that teenagers are taking the same way of showing that they disagree with their parents. Instead of striking out boldly on their own, most of them are clutching(紧握)at one another’s hands for reassurance(安慰).
They claim they want to dress as they please. But they all wear the same clothes.
Then set off in new directions in music. But somehow they all end up with listening to the same record together. Their reason for thinking or acting in thus-and-such a way is that many people are doing it. They have come out of their cocoon(茧)into a larger cocoon.
It has become harder and harder for a teenager to stand up against the popularity wave and go his or her own way. Industry has firmly carved out a teenage market. These days every teenager can learn from the advertisements what a teenager should have and be.
And many of today’s parents have come to award high marks for the popularity of their children. All this adds to a great barrier(障碍)for the teenager who wants to find his or her own path.
But the barrier is worth climbing over. The path is worth following. You may want to listen to classical music instead of going to a party. You may want to collect rocks when everyone else is collecting records. You may have some thoughts that you don’t care to share with your classmates at once, well, go to it. Find yourself. Popularity will come with the people who respect you for who you are. That is the only kind of popularity that really counts.
【文章大意】本文鼓励青少年要有自己独立的思维, 不要依赖父母或随波逐流。
1. In this passage, the author wants to tell.
A. teenagers how to learn to decide things for themselves
B. readers how to be popular with people around
C. parents how to control and guide their children
D. people how to understand and respect each other
【解析】选A。主旨大意题。根据第一段中“At your age you ought to be growing away from your parents. You should be learning to stand on your own feet. ”可知A项正确。
. According to the author, many teenagers think they are brave enough to act on their own, but in fact, most of them .
A. have much difficulty understanding each other
B. lack confidence
C. dare not cope with problems single-handed
D. are much afraid of getting lost
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句及第二段内容可知, 他们想我行我素, 但结果却随波逐流。
. What does the author think of advertisements?
A. Convincing.
B. Influential.
C. Instructive.
D. Authoritative(权威的).
【解析】选B。推理判断题。第三段提到青少年很难不受流行趋势的影响。今天, 青少年们可以从广告中知道青少年应该有什么, 应该成为什么样的人, 这说明广告对青少年是有影响力的。
. During the teenage years, one should learn to.
A. differ from others in as many ways as possible
B. get into the right reason and become popular
C. find one’s real self
D. rebel against parents and the popularity wave
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“You may have some thoughts that you don’t care to share with your classmates at once, well, go to it. Find yourself. ”可知C项正确。阅读下列材料，从每题所给的选项中选出最佳选项。体裁：议论文 话题：726 时间：8′
Is gun play good or bad for children？For many years I emphasized its harmlessness.When concerned parents expressed doubt about letting their children have toy guns，because they didn't want to encourage them in the slightest degree to become criminals，I would explain how little connection there was.In the course of growing up，children have a natural tendency to bring their aggressiveness more and more under control if their parents encourage this．Onetotwoyearolds，when they are angry with another child，may bite the child's arm without hesitation.But by 3 or 4 they have already learned that aggression is not right.However，they may pretend to shoot their mother or father，but smiling to assure them that the gun and the aggressive behaviour aren't to be taken seriously.
In the 6to12yearold period，children will play an earnest game of war，but it has lots of rules.There may be arguments，but real fights are relatively rare.At this agechildren don't shoot at their mother or father，even in fun.It's not that the parents have turned stricter; the children's own conscience has.In adolescence aggressive feelings become much stronger，but well broughtup children can turn them into athletics and other competition or into kidding their friends.
In other words，I'd explain that playing at war is a natural step in the disciplining of the aggression of young children; that a cautious parent doesn't really need to worry about producing a criminal.
But nowadays I'd give parents much more encouragement to guide their child away from violence.A number of incidents have convinced me of the importance of this.
One of the first things that made me change my mind，several years ago，was an observation that an experienced nursery school teacher told me about.Her children were hitting each other much more than previously，without reason.When she talked to them，they would protest，“But that's what the Three Stooges do.” (This was a children's TV program full of violence which immediately became very popular.)
What further shocked me into reconsidering my view was the assassination(暗杀) of the former President，and the fact that some schoolchildren cheered about this.(I didn't so much blame the children as I blamed the kind of parents who will say about a President they dislike，“I'd shoot him if I got the chance！”)
These incidents made me think of other evidence that Americans often tolerate lawlessness and violence.We were hard on the Indians and the later waves of immigrants.At times we denied justice to groups with different religions or political views.And now a great percentage of our adult as well as our child population has been endlessly fascinated with dramas of Western violence and with cruel crime stories，in movies and on television.This doesn't necessarily mean that we Americans on the average have more aggressiveness inside us than the people of other nations.I think rather that the aggressiveness we have is less controlled，from childhood on.
To me it seems very clear that in order to have a more stable and civilized national life we must bring up the next generation of Americans with a greater respect for law and for other people's rights than in the past.There are many ways in which we could and should teach these attitudes.One simple opportunity we could seize in the first half of childhood is to show our disapproval of lawlessness and violence in television programs and in children's gun play.
I also believe that the survival of the world now depends on a much greater awareness of the need to avoid war and to actively seek peaceful agreements.There are enough nuclear arms to completely destroy all civilization.This terrifying situation demands a much greater stability and selfcontrol on the part of national leaders and citizens than they have ever shown in the past.We owe it to our children to prepare them deliberately for this awesome responsibility.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。主要讨论了孩子们该不该玩玩具枪，并规劝人们尊重孩子、尊重法律，减少孩子的暴力性。
1．The underlined word “this” in Paragraph 1 refers to________．
A．controlling their aggressiveness
B．playing with toy guns
C．aggressive behaviour
D．the course of growing up
答A [细节理解题。根据文中该句话中的their
aggressiveness more and more under control可知选A。]
2．Based on the author's view about the relationship between children's aggressiveness and their age，which of the following is true?
A．A 2yearold boy knows that it is not correct to behave aggressively.
B．The older children become，the less aggressive they will be.
C．6to 12yearolds enjoy war games but develop them into argument and serious fights.
D．Adolescents' aggressiveness is often displayed in the form of competition.
答案 D [细节理解题。根据文中第一段的Onetotwoyearolds，when they are angry with another child，may bite the child's arm without hesitation 排除A；第二段的In the 6to12yearold period，children will play an earnest game of war，but it has lots of rules排除C；第二段At this age children don't shoot at their mother or father，even in fun 排除B；第二段In adolescence aggressive feelings become much stronger，but well broughtup children can turn them into athletics and other competition or into kidding their friends 可知成年人的暴力总是通过竞争的方式传递给孩子。故选D。]
．What conclusion does the author intend to draw from the story told by the nursery school teacher?
A．Watching violence can lower a child's standard of behaviour.
B．Violent TV programs should be banned in nursery schools.
C．Children are generally lawless or violent nowadays.
D．It is acceptable to let children have toy guns.
答案 A [推理判断题。根据文中第五段When she talked to them，they would protest，“But that's what the Three Stooges do.” (This was a children's TV program full of violence which immediately became very popular.)可知观看暴力电视等降低孩子的行为标准。故选A。]
．What does Paragraph 7 mainly talk about?
A．Examples showing that Americans are more aggressive than other nations.
B．Evidence proving that America has a long history of lawlessness and violence.
C．The idea that children are less able to put their aggressiveness under control.
D．More reasons why the author changed his view on the main issue of the article.
答案 D [主旨大意题。通读文章第七段，并根据关键句These incidents made me think of other evidence that Americans often tolerate lawlessness and violence可知作者有更多的理由改变了文章的主题。故选D。]
5.What is a must if people intend to enjoy stability and civilized national life?
A．To show disapproval of gun play in television programs.
B．To make people aware that there are already enough nuclear arms.
C．To elect national leaders with greater stability and selfcontrol.
D．To bring up children who show more respect for the law and others' rights.
答案 D [细节理解题。根据文章第八段的To me it seems very clear that in order to have a more stable and civilized national life we must bring up the next generation of Americans with a greater respect for law and for other people's rights than in the past可知养育孩子应尊重法律，尊重别人。故选D。]
．Which of the following serves best as the title of the article?
A．How Does Age Influence Aggressiveness?
B．Are American Children Becoming More Aggressive?
C．Should Children Play With Guns?
D．What Should Parents Teach Their Children
答案 C [主旨大意题。通读全文作者大部分在讨论玩具枪是C。]阅读理解“Reconstituted” families are more and more common in the UK.
Steve and Debbie got married in 2001 and had two children，Lily and Alex.Unfortunately，Steve and Debbie’s marriage didn’t work out and they got divorced in 2006.The children live with Debbie.In 2008，Debbie remarried.Her new husband，Martin，has three children from his previous marriage and they visit Debbie，Martin，Lily and Alex at weekends.In addition，Debbie is pregnant with her third child.She’s expecting a boy who will be a halfbrother to Lily and Alex and also to Martin’s three other children.
Confused？Debbie’s family arrangements might have seemed strange 30 years ago but nowadays this kind of “reconstituted” family is increasingly common in the UK.Almost half of all marriages in Britain end in divorce and over 40% of marriages are remarriages.More than 10% of all British children live with one birth parent and a stepparent—a parent who isn’t their biological mother or father.The traditional “nuclear” family of two parents and their children is not so traditional any more.
What does all of this mean for parents in these “reconstituted” families？“There
are
difficulties
and
challenges，”
says Debbie.“Different families have different routines and it can be difficult for children to move between their two families.Birthdays and holidays can be tricky.Where do the children go？Who should they spend their time with？Also，when my children are naughty it can be difficult for Martin to tell_them_off.Things that might be simple in a traditional family can be a bit more complicated.”
And how about the children？Martin’s eldest child，Ella，is 12.“I like my two families，” she says.“I live with my
mum but visit my dad quite often and I’m happy that my mum and dad get along OK.They’re not married any more but it’s good that they can still be friends.”
Of course divorce and separation are never easy but many families in the UK are finding ways to make family life work in new ways.
【语篇解读 本文介绍了英国出现越来越多的重组家庭这一社会现象。
．Why did Steve and Debbie get separated?
A．They couldn’t support the children.
B．They couldn’t get along well.
C．They were both out of work.
D．They had serious economic problems.
解析 考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Unfortunately，Steve and Debbie’s marriage didn’t work out and they got divorced in 2006.”可知，Steve和Debbie由于感情破裂而无法维系婚姻，并非因为经济问题或双双失业，更不是因为养不起孩子。
答案 B
．We can learn from the text that a “nuclear” family ________.
A．has two birth parents and their children
B．has two birth parents and only one child
C．is traditional but complicated
D．doesn’t have any children
解析 考查细节理解。根据第三段最后一句“The traditional
‘nuclear’ family of two parents and their children is not so traditional any more.”可知答案为A项。
答案 A
．What do the underlined words “tell them off” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean?
A．make them annoyed
B．send them to school
C．let out their secrets
D．talk angrily to them
解析 考查词义猜测。根据画线部分前面的“when my children are naughty”和第四段的最后一句“Things that might be simple in a traditional family can be a bit more complicated.”并结合生活常识可推知，由于Martin是孩子的继父，所以不能够对他们大声呵斥。tell sb.off意为“责骂、斥责某人”。
答案 D
．What’s the text mainly about?
A．The difference between “marriage” and “remarriage”．
B．More and more people get divorced in the UK.
C．“Reconstituted”
families are becoming more and more in the UK.
D．The marriage situation is becoming severe.
解析 考查主旨大意。根据文章首句和全文内容可知，本文意在介绍英国出现越来越多的重组家庭这一社会现象，故答案为C项。
答案 C