重庆市2017高考英语阅读理解选编（100）（附解析）
【2016高考训练】阅读理解—推理判断题。
The word proactivity is fairly common in management literature, but you won｀t find it in the dictionary. It means that as a human being you take responsibility for your own life.
Look at the word responsibility: ability to choose your response, response-ability. Effective people are proactive because they take responsibility. Their behavior is a product of their own decisions, based on values, rather than being a product of their own conditions, based on feelings. For instance, you are planning a picnic with your family. You｀re excited. You have all the preparations, You've decided where to go, and then it becomes stormy, killing your plan. Proactive people carry weather within them. They realize what their purpose really was, and they creatively have a picnic elsewhere even if it's in their own basement with some special games, and make the best of that situation. The opposite of being proactive is to be reactive. Reactive people would say, “What's the use?””We can't do anything.” “Oh this is so upsetting after all of our preparations and arrangements.” They try to persuade the people around them and usually the picnic will be cancelled.
Being proactive is really just being true to your human nature. Your basic nature is to act, and not to be acted upon. That's true, despite widely accepted theories of determinism used to explain human nature. Determinism says that you don't really choose anything and that what you call choices are nothing more than automatic responses to outside conditions.
The language of reactive people is lie:”I can't .” “Don't have time.”” I have to .” I must.” The whole spirit of that language is the transfer of responsibility. They think things are determined by their environment, or by their conditions, or by their conditioning or their genetic makeup. Psychologically, people who believe they are determined will produce the evidence to support the belief, and they increasingly feel victimized and out of control. They're not in charge of their life at all.
On the contrary, a proactive person exercises free will, the freedom to choose the response that best applies to his values. In that way, he gains control over the circumstances, rather than being controlled by them.
According to the passage, a proactive person's behavior can result from
.
The environment
B. an inner belief
C. the genetic makeup
D. a temporary feeling
2. When a picnic plan is threatened by a sudden storm, reactive people will probably
.
A. have the picnic as planned
B. make the best of the picnic
C. complain and give up the picnic
D. find somewhere else for the picnic
3. What does” carry weather within them” in the second paragraph probably mean?
A. Manage to improve the weather.
B. Give in to the weather passively.
C. Stress the influence of the weather.
D. Find a solution to the weather problems.
4. It can be concluded from the passage that determinists(宿命论者)
.
A. accept things passively
B. are in charge of themselves
C. are similar to proactive people
D. respond to outside conditions actively
语篇解读
本文主要介绍了积极的人和消极的的之间的区别，例如在遇到天气不好野餐计划搁浅的时候，积极的人会想办法进行野餐，而消极的人却由周围的环境左右其决定。
B 细节理解题。根据第三段Being proactive is really just being true to your human nature. You basic nature is to act, and not to be acted upon. 可知，积极主动是按照天性来做最真正的自己。人的本性是行动，而不是任人摆布。可知一个积极的人，他的行动源于他的内心和本性。故选B。
C 细节理解题。根据第二段They try to persuade the people around them and usually the picnic will be cancelled. 可知，消极的人会试图说服他们周围的人并最后取消野餐。
D 推理判断题。根据下文They realize what their purpose really was, and they creatively have a picnic elsewhere even if it's in their own basement with some special games 可知，当环境不得于计划的时候，积极的人会创造性的想出解决方法，达到目的。
A 推理判断题。 根据第四段They think things are determined by their environment, or by their conditions, or by their conditioning or their genetic makeup. 可知，消极的人认为事情是由环境决定的。又根据第二段野餐的例子可知，消极的人在面对计划不得不改变时，他们会抱怨但接受现实，而不会想办法去创造机会实现目标。
阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
Once upon a time, on his way to the Himalayas, was a saint(圣徒). He came across a shallow river he had to cross. Just when he was about to wet his feet, he saw a scorpion(蝎子)helplessly trying to come out of the river. It was almost touching the bank but not enough to gain hold of the ground. The saint saw scorpion’s struggle and decided to save it.
He picked up the scorpion in his right hand with the intention to place it on the dry surface. No sooner did he do that than the scorpion stung and rushed off the hand, landing in the water again. It struggled to come out of water again. The saint’s body was in pain but his mind, calm.
Seeing that the scorpion could lose its life, the saint used left hand this time to lift the scorpion out of water. However, it panicked and stung again. Once again, it sped off the hand and fell in water. He was left with both hands filled with pain. He was not the one to give up either.
He tried again. This time, he cupped his hands together and lifted the scorpion in one swift movement. Before it could react, he safely dropped it on the land. The scorpion disappeared into the pebbles that lay near the bank. He felt happy, for he succeeded in carrying out his rescue, for saving another life. It was worth the pain he thought.
At a distance, a man, surprised and shocked, had watched the whole process. He approached the saint and said, “Can I ask you a question please? ”
“Yes, you may. ”
“First of all, there was no need to save a scorpion. It does no good to anybody. Secondly, if you must save it, you could have simply tried once. I’m surprised that even after it stung you, you still went on. Why? ”
“Oh! That’s pretty simple, ”he replied softly rubbing his stung hands against each other. “This was a scorpion, a creature really low on the food chain, a creature whose nature is to sting(蜇), to panic, to harm. It is supposed to be weak. However, I am supposed to be a saint, a person whose job is to love everybody, to offer love. I am supposed to be the strong one, the one higher up on the food chain. With my principles, my philosophy(人生观)and practice, I am supposed to save other creatures. Right? ”
The man nodded.
【文章大意】一个圣徒从河里拯救一只蝎子时, 先后被蜇了两次, 但他仍旧努力把它救了出来。这让一位路人非常不理解。这位圣徒告诉他: 作为一个圣徒, 我的职责是向所有的生命传达爱, 拯救其他的生命是我最大的幸福。
1. When a saint saw a scorpion struggling to come out of the river, he .
A. was in the shallow river
B. was climbing the Himalayas
C. was on the river bank
D. had just crossed the river
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第一段可知, 从前, 有一个圣徒, 他徒步行走在前往喜马拉雅山的路上。途经一条小河, 当他正要踏入小河时, 一只挣扎想逃离水面的蝎子映入眼帘。由此可判断出答案为C。
. Why did the scorpion sting and rush off his right hand?
A. Because it was full of panic at that time.
B. Because it wanted to get to the bank itself.
C. Because the saint harmed it badly.
D. Because the saint tried to kill it.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段中的However, it panicked and stung again. 可知, 当时是因为惊慌失措, 蝎子才对他进行攻击。故答案为A。
. How did the man nearby feel at the saint’s behaviour of saving the scorpion?
A. Happy.
B. Angry.
C. Frightened.
D. Puzzled.
【解析】选D。观点态度题。根据第七段内容: 首先, 拯救一只蝎子是没有必要的, 对谁来说这都是没有好处的。其次, 您救它一次就够了。令人惊讶的是, 即便它蜇了您, 您却仍旧努力去救它。这是为什么? 由此可判断出他对圣徒的行为感到迷惑不解。故答案为D。
. From the passage we can infer .
A. the saint regretted having saved the scorpion later
B. the scorpion stung the saint three times in all
C. the man thought the saint a fool and left angrily
D. the saint thought it his duty to save other creatures
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据最后一段内容: 作为一个圣徒, 我的职责是向所有生命传达爱。我的原则、人生观和生活历练告诉我, 我应该拯救其他的生命。由此可判断出答案为D。
Almost everyone has experienced anxiety at some time in their lives，and to do so is not only probably quite sensible，too.In some sense，the feeling of anxiety is like a signal to us that we need to take action.If we are walking alone down a dark street and start to feel anxious，we might think，“This is getting frightening.I think I’ll nip into the pub and call a cab.” so we will do something to get ourselves somewhere safe.If we have an exam coming up，we are likely to start feeling anxious.We might think，“I can’t pretend it’s not happening.I’ve got to revise or I’ll totally mess up.” Once again，anxiety can guide us to behave in a way that is in our best interests.
However，anxiety can also imprison us.It stops us from doing what we would like to do and living our life fully.Feeling anxious is undoubtedly a fact of life，so our goal is not to live an anxietyfree life but to live our life with acceptable levels of anxiety in a full way.
Anxiety can be abnormal when it starts to take over our thinking processes and our lives，and makes it difficult for us to function.It is likely that people who experience extreme and upsetting levels of continual anxiety are suffering from a disorder called Generalised Anxiety Disorder(GAD)．
The most important feature of GAD is that people experience quite severe anxiety and worry about a wide range of things over long periods of time.Other symptoms include finding it difficult to control the worry，getting easily tired，difficulty concentrating and sleep disturbance.
People with GAD tend to worry about the same kinds of things as people without GAD—only they fall into worrying more easily and tend to spend more time worrying.Research suggests that our worry tends to cluster around particular themes including our health，finances，relationships，family，work and finally，worry about worrying.
Some worries are realistic(“real event” worries)．For example，if I worry about the size of my credit card bill，then this problem exists and my worry arises from a real problem.Some worries are about things that may never happen(“hypothetical event” worries)．Sometimes，real event worries spiral(螺旋形上升) into hypothetical event worries.For example，“My neighbors are noisy” could spiral into “I’ll never be able to sell the house.I’ll be stuck here for ever.”
Even though you may always have tended to worry，you can still learn to understand it and get on the top of it.Extreme worry is not a part of your personality，and it’s not something that you should accept as unavoidable.
1．According to the passage，a person with GAD may
.
A．try to do something to get himself somewhere safe
B．focus his mind fully on what he is determined to do
C．be anxious about one special thing for a long time
D．be continuously worrying about some particular things
2．It can be inferred from the passage that
.
A．GAD can hardly be cured once one suffers from it
B．anxiety actually has both positive and negative sides
C．most people have experienced different levels of GAD
D．hypothetical event worries are mostly from real event worries
3．The difference between people with GAD and normal people lies in
.
A．whether they feel worried
B．what they worry about
C．how they experience anxiety
D．why they get into anxiety
4．Which would be the proper title for the passage?
A．Anxiety：Learn to Understand It
B．GAD：Learn to Keep Away from It
C．How to Get Rid of Your Anxiety
D．How to Distinguish Anxiety from GAD
1．D
2．B
3．C
4．A
文化教育类阅读理解。
B“I can't tell you how pleased I am to be here. I haven't seen many of you since your graduation, but I have followed your careers and enjoyed your victories as well as crying for your tragedies. I have a large collection of newspaper photographs of my students. Although I haven't appeared in person, I have attended your college graduations, weddings and even the births of your children, in my imagination.”
Ms. Yates paused and started crying a bit. Then she continued：
“It was my belief that if I pushed you as hard as I could, some of you would succeed to please me and others would succeed to annoy me. Regardless of our motives, I can see that you have all been successful in your chosen path.”
“There is no greater comfort for an educator than to see the end result of his or her years of work. You have all been a great source of pleasure and pride for me and I want you to know I love you all from the bottom of my heart.”
There was a silence over the crowd for a few seconds and then someone started clapping. The clapping turned into cheering, then into a deafening roar(呼喊). Lawyers, truck drivers, bankers and models were rubbing their eyes or crying openly with no shame all because of the words from a long forgotten English teacher from their hometown.
1．What activity was organized for the school reunion?
A．Sightseeing in the park.
B．A picnic on the school playground.
C．Telling stories about past events.D．Graduates' reports in the old building.
2. What can be inferred from Paragraph 2?
A. Some graduates were too busy to listen to Ms. Yates' speech.
B. Many graduates disliked Ms. Yates' ways of teaching.
C. Some people got tired from the reunion activities.
D. Most people had little interest in the reunion.
3. We can learn from Ms. Yates' speech that she________.
A. kept track of her students' progress
B. gave her students advice on their careers
C. attended her students' college graduations
D. went to her students' wedding ceremonies
4. What was Ms. Yates' belief in teaching teenagers?
A. Teachers' knowledge is the key to students' achievements.
B. Pressure on students from teachers should be reduced.
C. Hardpushed students are more likely to succeed.
D. Students' respect is the best reward for teachers.
5. Which of the following can best describe Ms. Yates?
A. Reliable and devoted.
B. Tough and generous.
C. Proud but patient.
D. Strict but caring.
【要点综述】Barditch High School组织学生、教师重聚。在聚会上Ms. Yates的一席发言打动了所有的人。
1. C 信息理解题。根据第一段中的 “Several former teachers were on hand to tell stories about the old days.”可知答案。
2. B 推理判断题。根据第二段描述在Ms. Yates要开始讲话时学生们的表现可知，学生们对老师过去对他们的种种教学方式是有些反感的。
3. A 信息理解题。通读Ms. Yates的发言，特别是从 “…but I have followed your careers and enjoyed your victories as well as crying for your tragedies. I have a large collection of newspaper photographs of my students.”中可知答案。
4. C 信息理解题。根据 “It was my belief that if I pushed you as hard as I could, some of you would succeed to please me and others would succeed to annoy me”可知答案。
5. D 推理判断题。从 第二段最后一句“…made them work harder than all the other teachers combined”以及 “…I have a large collection of newspaper photographs of my students”可知答案。