重庆市2017高考英语阅读理解选编（102）（附解析）
【2016高考训练】阅读理解—推理判断题。
When most of us hear the word chocolate. the verb that comes to mind is probably ”eat”|, not “drink”, and the most proper adjective would seem to be “sweet”. But for about 90 percent of chocolate's long history, it was strictly a beverage(饮料), and sugar didn't have anything to do with it.
The Origin of Chocolate
Many modern historians have estimated that chocolate has been around for about 2,000 years, but recent research suggests that in may be even older.
In the book The True HISTOUY OF Chocolate, authors Sophie and Michael Coe prove that the earliest linguistic(语言学的) evidence of chocolate consumption dates back three or even four thousand years.
Valuable and Fashionable Chocolate Beverage
It's hard to discover exactly when chocolate was born, but it's clear that in was cherished from the start. For several centuries in pre-modern Latin America, cacao beans were considered valuable enough to use as currency. 100 beans could purchase a good turkey hen, according to a 16th-century Aztec document.
Sweetened chocolate didn't appear until Europeans discovered the Americas and sampled(品尝) the native cuisine . Chocolate didn't suit the foreigners' taste at first—one described it in his writings as “a bitter drink for pigs” —but once mixed with honey or cane sugar, it quickly became popular throughout Spain. By the 17th century, chocolate was a fashionable drink throughout Europe, believed to have nutritious, medicinal functions. But it remained largely a privilege of the rich until the invention of the steam engine made mass production possible in the late 1700s.
The Birth of Solid chocolate
In 1828, a Dutch chemist found a way to make powdered chocolate. His product became known as “Dutch cocoa”, and it soon led to the creation of solid chocolate. In 1847, Joseph Fry created the first modern chocolate bar. By 1868, a little company called Cadbury was marketing boxes of chocolate candies in England. Milk chocolate hit the marked a few years later.
Prosperous Chocolate Industry
In America, chocolate was so valued during the Revolutionary War that it was used instead of wages . Even now, statistics show that the humble cacao bean is still a powerful economic fore. Chocolate manufacturing is a more than 4-billion-dollar industry in the United States, and the average American eats at least half a pound of the stuff per month.
The earliest chocolate was most probably
.
A dish
B. a drink
C. a bar
D. a candy
It can be inferred from the passage that
.
The history of chocolate is at most 4,000 years.
People around the world could buy things with chocolate
Chocolate was well paid attention to since it was born
An American at least eats a pound of chocolate per month
Why did chocolate suit the Spanish's taste so quickly?
Because chocolate was so tasty and bitter.
Because chocolate was believed to be a source of nutrition.
Because chocolate was sweetened with honey of cane sugar.
Because chocolate became a fashionable beverage.
Which one shows the correct order according to the time of their appearing?
Chocolate beverage→chocolate bar → chocolate candies→ milk chocolate
Chocolate bar→ chocolate beverage→ chocolate candies→ milk chocolate
Chocolate bar→ chocolate candies→ milk chocolate → chocolate beverage
Chocolate beverage→ chocolate candies→ chocolate bar → milk chocolate
语篇解读
本文是说明文，讲述了巧克力的简单历史。
B 细节理解题。根据首段可知，人们普遍认为巧克力是用来吃的，而且是很甜的，然而巧克力在发展史上大部分的时间是一种苦涩的饮料。故选B
C 推理判断题。 根据第四段中的首句“… but it's clear that it was cherished from the start.”可知巧克力从诞生起就受到人们的珍爱。故选C
C 推理判断题。由第五段的第二句“… but once mixed with honey or cane sugar, it quickly became popular throughout Spain.” 可知巧克力饮料被混合蜂蜜或蔗糖变甜以后，就迅速爱到西班牙人的欢迎。故选C。
A
推理判断题。由文章叙述巧克力历史的过程可知巧克力饮料是最早的形式再根据倒数第二段中三个事件发生的顺序和首段一句可知A项是按时间顺序叙述巧克力的演变史。
（2016高考阅读理解）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的选项中选出最佳选项。
SANTA MONICA，Calif，(KABC)—A Santa Monica High School teacher who was put on leave after using physical force to control a student who was selling marijuana(大麻) in his classroom has received surprising support on Facebook.The incident was captured on video and has caused a sudden reaction from parents，teachers，students and even graduates.They are showing their support for Black.A Facebook page supporting “Coach Black” has over 4,700 likes.And many want him back in the classroom.
Student witnesses say Mark Black，who is also the wrestling coach，tried to confiscate(没收) a bag of marijuana and was then injured by the student with a pencil.The cellphone video shows Black locking the student’s leg and pinning the student to the ground.“He just want him to stop and he was trying to be a teacher and help，and I don’t think it was his fault，”said student Kylan Townsend.
School Board member Oscar De La Torre says Mr.Black is one of his teachers at Santa Monica High School.“I know him very well.I know him to be a fair person，a good person，someone who cares deeply about his students，”said De La Torre.He says that the video does not tell the whole story and that the incident brings to light the issue of drug use，something the district needs to address.
But in an email to parents，Santa MonicaMalibu Unified School District Superintendent Sandra Lyon says the teacher’s behavior is “absolutely alarming”．She put Black on leave during an independent investigation.
Lyon has come under fire from parents for initially saying the kind of physical action used by the teacher was unacceptable.On Saturday，Lyon released the following statement to Eyewitness News：“I want to stress that teachers are at times confronted with difficulty，even threatening situations，and they must make judgment calls to protect safety.I want to emphasize that putting the teacher who was involved in this incident on leave until completion of an independent investigation is a matter of standard policy and practice；it in no way prejudices the outcome of the investigation.”
Stuents hope the situation will have a quick and just resolution.An online petition(请愿书) has also been created by one of Black’s former students.The petition has already gained thousands of signatures.
Black did not respond to a request for comment.
1．What does the cellphone video on Facebook disclose?
A．Mark Black injured a student with a pencil.
B．Mark Black wrestled with a student in his class.
C．Mark Black confiscated a bag and locked a student.
D．Mark Black controlled a student with physical force.
2．In the fifth paragraph，the underlined word “it” refers to
.
A．making judgment calls to protect safety
B．putting the teacher involved on leave
C．completion of an independent investigation
D．a matter of standard policy and practice
3．From the passage，we can infer that
.
A．the people involved in the matter support Mark Black
B．Mark Black will be eventually fired by the School Board
C．Sandra Lyon won some support from parents initially
D．no decision has been made from the investigation yet
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A．The Teacher Put on Leave Received Support
B．Thousands Come and Sign the Petition
C．School Teacher Wrestled with a Student
D．Cellphone Video on the Facebook Page
1．D
2．B
3．D
4．A
阅读理解s，a data－service provider
The findings show that some companies visited by more than one in ten Americans each month are primarily fast－food－retail outlets(直销店) and health clinics.The types of businesses these companies are in and the traffic customers use to get to them play a big part in their success.According to Placed Insights－thirds went to a fast－food restaurant at least once.
d Insights founder and CEO David Shim explains what it is that affects much on whether Americans visit a business once a year or once a week.“People often go out for fast food.They don't necessarily go shopping for a sweater every day，but they do eat.”
It should come as no surprise that most of these companies have made efforts to expand their products，with varying degrees of success.Walmart，for example，has expanded its business to offer groceries，and even has fast－food restaurants in many stores.Starbucks has expanded its menu options to include breakfast sandwiches and other meals.McDonald's new McCafe coffee brand has been very successful.These are all new services designed to make more money on existing customers，bring in new customers，and bring them in more often.
While the types of goods and services being offered by these companies are critical，the more critical factor is their dominant national presence.These companies have thousands of locations all over the country.Rare is the American town without a McDonald's，Burger King，Taco Bell，Subway，or some combination of the three.McDonald's has more than 14，000 locations in the U．S. in 2017 while Subway has more than 25，000.
【解题导语】 本文介绍了美国人经常去消费的一些商店
1．What do we learn from Placed Insights's research?
A．The majority of people going to McDonald's are children.
B．More people go to Walmart than to McDonald's.
C．Over one in ten Americans goes to a clothing store each month.
D．McDonald's and Walmart have many customers in part because they are easy to get to.
答案 D
A．The types of goods.
B．The brands of the companies.
C．The traffic.
D．People's preferences.
答案 A
A．What types of goods the most－visited outlets sell.
－visited outlets do to attract customers.
－food outlets.
答案 B
get visited more frequently than others?
A．They provide necessities of daily life.
B．They provide better service than other outlets.
C．They provide more choices of goods.
D．They spread all over the country.
答案 D
阅读理解。
Why should mankind explore space? Why should money, time and effort be spent exploring and researching something with so few apparent benefits? Why should resources be spent on space rather than on conditions and people on Earth? These are questions that, understandably, are very often asked.
Perhaps the best answer lies in our genetic makeup(基因构成) as human beings. What drove our ancestors to move from the trees into the plains, and on into all possible areas and environments? The wider the spread of a species, the better its chance of survival. Perhaps the best reason for exploring space is this genetic tendency to expand wherever possible.
Nearly every successful civilization has explored, because by doing so, any dangers in surrounding areas can be identified and prepared for. Without knowledge, we may be completely destroyed by the danger. With knowledge, we can lessen its effects.
Exploration also allows minerals and other potential(潜在的) resources to be found. Even if we have no immediate need of them, they will perhaps be useful later. Resources may be more than physical possessions. Knowledge or techniques have been acquired through exploration. The techniques may have medical applications which can improve the length or quality of our lives. We have already benefited from other spinoffs including improvements in earthquake prediction, in satellites for weather forecasting and in communications systems. Even nonstick pans and mirrored sunglasses are byproducts(副产品) of technological developments in the space industry!
While many resources are spent on what seems a small return, the exploration of space allows creative, brave and intelligent members of our species to focus on what may serve to save us. While space may hold many wonders and explanations of how the universe was formed or how it works, it also holds dangers. The danger exists, but knowledge can help human beings to survive. Without the ability to reach out across space, the chance to save ourselves might not exist.
While Earth is the only planet known to support life, surely the adaptive ability of humans would allow us to live on other planets. It is true that the lifestyle would be different, but human life and cultures have adapted in the past and surely could in the future.
本文是一篇议论文，向我们阐述了人类进行太空探索的原因。人类的基因构成决定了人类探索其他领域包括太空的能力。人类探索太空可能暂时没有多大用处，但是在将来这可能会帮助人类生存下去。
1．Why does the author mention the questions in Paragraph 1?
A．To express his doubts. B．To compare different ideas.
C．To introduce points for discussion.D．To describe the conditions on Earth.
答案：C。推理判断题。作者在第一段提出问题目的是引出下面要讨论的话题。
．What is the reason for exploring space based on Paragraph 2?
A．Humans are natureborn to do so.
B．Humans have the tendency to fight.
C．Humans may find new sources of food.
D．Humans don't like to stay in the same place.
答案：A。细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句可知人类探索太空的原因是其基因的构成。
．The underlined word “spinoffs” in Paragraph 4 probably refers to ________.
A．survival chances B．potential resources
C．unexpected benefitsD．physical
possessions
答案：C。词义猜测题。后面所说的“improvements in earthquake prediction，in satellites for weather forecasting and in communications systems”可知此处的划线短语意为“益处，好处”。
．What makes it possible for humans to live on other planets?
A．Our genetic makeup. B．Resources on the earth.
C．The adaptive ability of humans.D．Byproducts in space exploration.
答案：C。细节理解题。根据最后一段的第一句话可知，人类的适应能力会让人类在其他星球生存下去。
．Which of the statements can best sum up the passage?
A．Space exploration has created many wonders.
B．Space exploration provides the best value for money.
C．Space exploration can benefit science and technology.
D．Space exploration may help us avoid potential problems on Earth.
答案：D。主旨大意题。A、B两项可以容易地排除。全文主要讲的是太空探索对帮助人类生存的益处，而不是对科技的益处。