重庆市2017高考英语阅读理解选编（114）（附解析）
阅读理解。
Friends play an important part in our lives，and although we may take the friendship for granted，we often don’t clearly understand how we make friends.While we get on well with a
number of people，we are usually friends with only a few.For example，the average among students is about 6 per person.In all the cases of friendly relationships，two people like one another and enjoy being together，but beyond that，the degree of intimacy between them and the reasons for their shared interests vary greatly.As we get to know people，we take into account things like age，race，economic conditions，social position，and intelligence.Although these factors are not of great importance，it is more difficult to get on with people when there is a marked difference in age and background.
Some friendly relationships can be kept on argument and discussion，but it is usual for close friends to have similar ideas and beliefs，the same opinions and interests.They often talk about “being_on_the_same_wavelength”.It generally takes time to reach this point.And the more intimately involved people become，the more they depend on one another.People who want to be friends have to learn to put up with annoying habits and to stand differences.
In contrast with marriage，there are no friendship ceremonies to strengthen it between two people.But the supporting and understanding of each other that results from shared experiences and feelings does seem to create a powerful bond，which can overcome differences in background，and break down barriers of age，class or race.
1.According to the passage，________.
A.friends are those who must share their interests
B.friends are closer than people who just get on well with each other
C.all the people know how to make friends
D.every student has six friends
2.We can learn from the passage that________.
A.there are no special ceremonies to strengthen friendship
B.friendship can overcome all differences between two people
C.difference in opinion can lead to friendship
D.friendship can be strengthened by smiles and soft voices
3.The underlined words “being on the same wavelength” in Paragraph 2 mean that people________.
A.watch the same TV programs
B.are the same in all ways
C.have the same background
D.share the same way of thinking and the same interests
4.Which of the following is NOT implied in the passage?
A.Even friends may have different opinions.
B.Friends never argue with each other.
C.It generally takes time for people to become close friends.
D.Someone’s habits may annoy his friends.
阅读心得：
1.Mr.Fogg and his servant travelled in many different ways，even on an elephant at one time.(完形填空最后一段倒数第四句)
福格先生和他的仆人以许多不同方式进行旅行，他们甚至曾骑过大象。
(1)At one time I used to skiing every winter.
我曾一度每到冬季就去滑雪。
(2)Don’t try to do everything at once；take it a bit at a time.
不要什么事情都一块儿干，要一次做一点儿。
(3)I agreed at the time but later changed my mind.
我当时同意了，但后来又改变了主意。
(4)I’m at your service at all times.
我随时为您效劳。
2.Friends play an important part in our lives，and although we may take the friendship for granted...(阅读理解第一段第一句)
尽管我们可能把友谊看成理所当然，但朋友在我们的生活中起着十分重要的作用……
(1)He never praises his wife；he just takes her for granted.
他从不夸妻子，只是觉得她的一切理当如此。
(2)Don’t take it for granted that what you did is all right.
别想当然地认为你做的都是对的。
(3)I take it for granted that you have read this book.
我认为你一定读过这本书。
3.But the supporting and understanding of each other that results from shared experiences and feelings does seem to create a powerful bond，which can overcome differences in background，and break down barriers of age，class or race.(阅读理解最后一段最后一句)
基于相同经历和感情的相互支持和理解能够创造一种有力的联系，这一联系能克服背景的不同，打破年龄、阶层、种族之间的障碍。
(1)The telephone system has broken down.
电话系统失灵了。
(2)If law and order breaks down，anarchy will result.
法治一垮，就会出现无政府状态。
(3)How can we break down the barriers of fear and hostility which divide the two countries?
怎样才能消除这两个国家人民之间的恐惧和仇恨呢？1.B 2.A 3.D 4.B 阅读下列材料，从每题所给的选项中选出最佳选项。Whether in the workplace or on the football field, effective teamwork can produce amazing results.However, working successfully as a team is not as easy as it may seem.Effective teamwork certainly does not just happen automatically; it takes a great deal of hard work and compromise.There are a number of factors that must be in place to make a good team.
Effective leadership is one of the most important factors of good teamwork.The team's leader should possess the skills to create and preserve a positive working environment and motivate and inspire the team members to take a positive approach to work and be highly committed.An effective team leader will promote a high level of spirit and make them feel supported and valued.
Communication is a vital factor of all interpersonal relationship and especially that of a team.Team members must be able to articulate their feelings, express plans and goals, share ideas and see each other's opinions.
Conflicts will arise no matter how well a team functions together.The best way to deal with conflicts is to have some organized methods of handling conflicts.Team members should be able to voice their concerns without fear of offending others.Instead of avoiding conflict issues, a hands－on approach that settles them quickly is much better.It is often advised that the team leader sit with the conflicting parties and help work out their differences without taking sides and trying to remain objective if possible.The team leader must set a good example to create good teamwork.In order to keep team members positive and committed and motivated, the team leader himself needs to show these qualities.The team turns to the leader for support and guidance.So any negative words or behaviors on the leader's part can be disastrous.
Regardless of what type of work you are in, knowing how to effectively work on and with a team is going to be extremely important to your success and that of your team.
【语篇解读】 本文主要讲述了组建一个良好团队的条件。
．Effective leadership is important partly because ________．
A．it creates a positive working environment
B．it makes a leader feel supported and valued
C．it helps a leader to develop lots of skills
D．it depends on interpersonal relationship of a team
答案 A
．The underlined word “articulate” probably means ________．
A．hide
B．express
C．feel
D．plan
答案 B
．When conflicts arise among team members, the team leader should ________．
A．worry about the team members
B．ignore the team members' voices
C．work out their differences
D．try to avoid conflict issues
答案 C
．To become a good team leader, you have to________．
A．set up a good team
B．be positive and committed
C．look for support from the team
D．avoid natural disasters
答案 B
5．Which is the best title for the passage?
A．Football And Teamwork
B．Communication And Teamwork
C．Handle Conflict in a Team
D．What Makes Effective Teamwork
答案 D
—词义猜测题、观点态度题。
Grammarphobia is the fear of grammar. This fear attacks almost everybody at one time or another, and it's most likely to strike during English or language arts. Even people who love reading and writing have been known to get feverish and insecure when they are aware of the possibility of turning in homework with grammar or spelling mistakes. Though writing may be enjoyable, being corrected is definitely not!
Grammarphobes, it's time to put your fears behind you. Grammar isn't that dreadful(可怕的). Here's why.
Let's assume you like hearing and telling stories and that you enjoy joking with friends. You probably also like e-mailing and instant-messaging. Well , what do you think makes all these possible? Grammar!
Grammar is simply the art of putting words together to make sentences. Whenever you use words to express yourself, you're using grammar. You do this all the time without even thinking.
So why think about it? Because good grammar helps you convey the ideas you intend. If your words aren't right, or if they are not in the right order, the person you are talking to might get the wrong idea. This can have embarrassing results.
Grammar helps us understand each other. It's like a manual for assembling the words in your head. You have to put your words together the right way if you want them to make sense. They can't do what you want is they aren't put together correctly.
What if everybody you know had a different manual? How would you agree on what others' words mean? People with different grammar manuals might be speaking different languages.
Communicating is similar to playing cards. To make sense, we have to play the same game, by the same rules. What are the rules for playing the game of English? You already know most of them without having to open a book.
Grammarphobes refer to people who
.
Mind grammar too much in writing
Are afraid of making grammar mistakes
Consider grammar to be boring
Are worried about grammar homework
The underlined word “assembling” in Paragraph 6 may mean
.
Looking for
B. bringing together
C. remembering
D. directing
What does playing cards have in common with communicating?
Both can be learned easily
Both can be very interesting
Both need rules.
Both can make sense for our life.
What might be the main idea of the passage?
Improving grammar through writing.
Forgetting grammar when writing.
Grammar is not horrible.
What is grammarphobia?
语篇解读
本文是说明文，谈到了学生为之色变的语法。患有语法恐惧症的人，要认识到语法就像游戏规则一样是必须存在的，它可以帮助我们平时的交流和学习，所以没有必要对此感到恐惧。
B 细节理解题。第一段指出grammarphobia 是对语法的恐惧，第二段倡导grammarphobes不要害怕语法，由此可知，grammarphobes是指那些害怕语法的人，故选B。
B 词义扒测题。结合后面一句的“You have to put your words together the right way” 及下一句中的“… if they aren't put together correctly”可知，语法就像帮助人们把头脑中的词汇合在一起的操作指南，故选B。
C 细节理解题。这里把 交流和打扑克做了比较，认为它们相似的原因是无论是打扑克还是交流都必须遵循一定的规则，没有规则的话，就达不到沟通或娱乐的目的，故选C。
C 主旨大意题。本文开头得到人们害怕语法，害怕出现语法错误，而作者认为语法的存在是合理的，我们学习语言必须遵循一定的规则，所以没有必要对语法感到恐惧，因此C项符合题意。
阅读理解, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
In 1939，two brothers，Mac and Dick McDonald，started a drivein restaurant in San Bernadino，California.They carefully chose a busy corner for their location.They had run their own businesses for years，first a theater，then a barbecue(烤肉)restaurant，then another drivein.But in their new operation，they offered a new，shortened menu：French fries，hamburgers，and sodas.To this small selection they added one new idea：quick service，no waiters or waitresses，and no tips.
Their hamburgers sold for fifteen cents.Cheese was another four cents.Their French fries and hamburgers had a remarkable uniformity(一致性)，for the brothers had developed a strict routine(程序)for the preparation of their food，and they insisted on their cooks' sticking to their routine.Their new drivein became surprisingly popular，particularly for lunch.People drove up by the hundreds during the busy noontime.The selfservice restaurant was so popular that the brothers had allowed ten copies of their restaurant to be opened.They were content with this modest success until they met Ray Kroc.
Kroc was a salesman who met the McDonald brothers in 1954，when he was selling milkshakemixing machines.He quickly saw the special attraction of the brothers' fastfood restaurants and bought the right to franchise(特许经营)other copies of their restaurants.The agreement included the right to duplicate(复制)the menu，the equipment，even their red and white buildings with the golden arches(拱门)．
Today McDonald's is really a household name.In 1976，McDonald's had over $ 1 billion in total sales.Its first twentytwo years is one of the most surprising success stories in modern American business history.
1．This passage mainly talks about________.
A．the development of fast food services
B．how McDonald's became a billiondollar business
C．the business careers of Mac and Dick McDonald
D．Ray Kroc's business talent
答案：B 主旨大题。通读全文可知本文主要介绍Mac and Dick McDonald两兄弟的最初创业及Kroc购买该品牌经营权的情况，由此可知答案为B。
2．Mac and Dick managed all of the following businesses except________.
A．a drivein
B．a theater
C．a cinema
D．a barbecue restaurant
答案：C 细节推理题。根据第一段第三句话They had run their own businesses for years，first a theater，then a barbecue(烤肉)restaurant，then another drivein.可知答案为C。
3．We may infer from this passage that________.
A．Mac and Dick McDonald never became wealthy for they sold their idea to Kroc.
B．the place the McDonalds chose was the only source of the great popularity of their drivein
C．forty years ago there were lots of fastfood restaurants
D．Ray Kroc was a good businessman
答案：D 推断推理题。根据第三段第二句He quickly saw the special attraction of the brothers' fastfood restaurants and bought the right to franchise(特许经营)other copies of their restaurants.可以做出正确判断。
4．The passage suggests that________.
A．creativity is an important element of business success
B．Ray Kroc was the close partner of the McDonald brothers
C．Mac and Dick McDonald became broken after they sold their idea to Ray Kroc
D．California is the best place to go into business
答案：A 归纳判断题。从全文可得出结论：创造力是事业成功的重要因素。