重庆市2017高考英语阅读理解选编（119）（附解析）
故事类
One of my wonderful memories is about a Christmas gift. Unlike other gifts, it came without wrap(包装)．
On September 11th, 1958, Mum gave birth to Richard. After she brought him home from hospital, she put him in my lap, saying, “I promised you a gift, and here it is. ”What an honor! I turned four a month earlier and none of my friends had such a baby doll of their own. I played with it day and night. I sang to it. I told it stories. I told it over and over how much I loved it!
One morning, however, I found its bed empty. My doll was gone! I cried for it. Mum wept and told me that the poor little thing had been sent to a hospital. It had a fever. For several days, I heard Mum and Dad whispering such words as “hopeless”， “pitiful”， and “dying”， which sounded ominous.
Christmas was coming. “Don't expect any presents this year，” Dad said, pointing at the socks I hung in the living room. “If your baby brother lives, that'll be Christmas enough.” As he spoke, his eyes filled with tears. I'd never seen him cry before.
The phone rang early on Christmas morning. Dad jumped out of bed to answer it.From my bedroom I heard him say, “What? He's all right？” He hung up and shouted upstairs. “The hospital said we can bring Richard home！”
“Thank God！”
I heard Mum cry.
From the upstairs window, I watched my parents rush out to the car. I had never seen them so happy. And
I was also full of joy. What a wonderful day! My baby doll would be home.
I ran downstairs. My socks still hung there flat. But I knew they were not empty; they were filled with love!
1What happened to the author on September 11th, 1958?
A. He got a baby brother.
B. He got a Christmas gift.
C. He became four years old.
D. He received a doll.
2. What does the underlined word “ominous” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Impossible.
B. Boring.
C. Difficult.
D. Fearful.
3. Which word can best describe the feeling of the father when Christmas was coming?
A. Excitement.
B. Happiness.
C. Sadness.
D. Disappointment.
4. What is the passage mainly about?
A. A sad Christmas day.
B. Life with a lovely baby.
C. A special Christmas gift.
D. Memories of a happy family.
【要点综述】“我”四岁时母亲给了“我”一件特殊的圣诞礼物：人娃娃——我可爱的弟弟Richard。但后来Richard发高烧差点夭折，经医院抢救得生，这使我更加珍爱我的“人娃娃”。
. A 细节理解题。虽然表面上是有了一个娃娃，但事实上是有了亲弟弟。
. D 词义猜测题。从该句前半部分中的 “hopeless”， “pitiful”， and “dying”可知该词意思是“令人害怕的”。虽然其他三个词均表示消极含义，但只有fearful表示“我”害怕“弟弟”离“我”而去。
. C 推理判断题。从第四段最后两句As he spoke, his eyes filled with tears. I’d never seen him cry before.可知父亲感到十分伤心。
. C 主旨大意题。第一段一开始便定义我的弟弟Richard是一件特殊的圣诞礼物。虽然弟弟Richard差点离我们而去，但后来还是得以平安回家，因此圣诞节并不悲惨。B和D选项外延过大，此段材料只是截取生活中的一个片段，并非整个和Richard一起生活的全部。阅读理解, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
Should doctors ever lie to benefit their patient—to speed recovery or to cover the coming of death？In medicine as in law，government，and other lines of work，the requirements of honesty often seem dwarfed (变矮小)by greater needs：the need to protect form brutal news or to uphold a promise of secrecy；to advance the public interest.
What should doctors say，for example，to a 46yearold man coming in for a routine physical checkup just before going on vacation with his family who，though he feels in perfect health，is found to have a form of cancer that will cause him to die within six months？Is it best to tell him the truth？If he asks，should the doctors reject that he is ill，or minimize the gravity of the illness？Should they at least hide the truth until after the family vacation?
Doctors face such choices often.At times，they see important reasons to lie for the patient's own sake；in their eyes，such lies sharply form selfserving ones.Studies show that most doctors sincerely believe that the seriously ill patients do not want to know the truth about their condition，and that informing them risks destroying their hope，so that they may recover more slowly，or deteriorate (恶化)faster，perhaps even commit suicide (自杀)．
But other studies show that，contrary to the belief of many physicians；a great majority of patients do want to be told the truth，even about serious illness，and feel cheated when they learn that they have been misled.We are also learning that truthful information，humanely conveyed (传达)，helps patients cope
with illness：help them tolerate pain better，need less medicine，and even recover faster after surgery.
There is urgent need to debate this issue openly.Not only in medicine，but in other profession as well，practitioners may find themselves repeatedly in difficulty where serious consequences (后果)seem avoidable only through deception(欺骗)．Yet the public has every reason to know professional deception，for such practices are peculiarly likely to become deeply rooted，to spread，and to trust.Neither in medicine，nor in law，government，or the social sciences can there be comfort in the old saying，“What you don't know can't hurt you.”
1．According to the author's opinion，lies ________.
A．can
benefit the patients
B．can help the patients to recovery
C．can do nothing to the patients' illness
D．can not benefit the patients
答案：A 细节理解题。从文章倒数第二段最后几句可得知答案。
2．Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A．Most of the doctors believe that the seriously ill patients do not want to know the truth about their condition.B．The truthful information helps patients to deal with their illness.
C．There is a need to discuss whether to lie to the patients.
D．It is true that“What you don't know can't hurt you.”
答案：D 细节理解题。文章最后，作者认为“What you don't know can't hurt you.”这一说法不对。
3．What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
A．There is an urgent need to debate this issue openly.
B．Neither in medicine，nor in law，government，the social sciences can there be comfort in the old saying.“What you don't know can't hurt you.”
C．The public has every reason to be aware of professional deception.
D．We need to discuss this issue in medicine，but not in other professions.
答案：A 主旨归纳题。第一句就是本段的主题句。
4．What does the author mainly discuss in the passage?
A．Deception is beneficial to patients.
B．Whether patients should be told the truth of their illness.
C．Whether patients really want to know the truth of their illness.
D．Who benefits from deception.
答案：B 主旨归纳题。通读全文可知，作者针对医生对病人隐瞒病情这一做法提出质疑：病人应不应该了解真相？了解真相对他们有没有好处？
阅读下列材料，从每题所给的选项中选出最佳选项。Life is to be enjoyed.There's no point in giving up something you enjoy unless you get something back that's even better.When people eat more healthfully, exercise, quit smoking, and manage stress better, they find that they feel so much better that it reconstructs the reason for making these changes from fear of dying to joy of living.The latest studies show that when you exercise and eat right：
YOUR BRAIN receives more blood flow and oxygen, so you become smarter, think more clearly, have more energy, and need less sleep.Two studies showed that just walking for three hours per week for only three months caused so many new neurons to grow that it actually increased the size of people's brains!
YOUR FACE receives more blood flow, so your__skin__glows more and wrinkle less.You look younger and more attractive.In contrast, an unhealthy diet, chronic emotional stress and smoking reduce blood flow to your face so you age more quickly.Smoking accelerates aging because nicotine causes your arteries to narrow down, which decreases blood flow to your face and makes it wrinkle earlier.This is why smokers look years older than they really are.
YOUR GENES change.In May, a study was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences showing that changing your lifestyle changes your genes.
YOUR TELOMERES (染色体端粒) get longer.Telomeres are the ends of our chromosomes (染色体) that control how long we live.As telomeres become shorter, then cells age more quickly, thus shortening your life.
Besides, one of the most interesting findings in the study was that the mothers' awareness of stress was more important than what was really occurring in their lives.The researchers gave the women a questionnaire and asked them to rate on a three－point scale how stressed they felt each day, and how out of control their lives felt to them.The women who were aware that they were under heavy stress had significantly shortened and damaged telomeres compared with those who felt more relaxed.On the contrary, some of the women who felt relaxed despite raising a disabled child had more normal－appearing telomeres.
In other words, if you feel stressed, you are stressed; if you feel fine, you are fine.
【语篇解读】 本文主要讲述了健康的饮食，积极锻炼以及其他因素给我们身体各方面带来的影响。
1．Which of the following are good for lengthening one's life, according to the passage?
①eat healthy food ②drink plenty of water ③take exercise ④get up early ⑤go to sleep early ⑥release one's stress
A．①③⑥
B．①②③C．①⑤⑥
D．③④⑥
答案 A
．The underlined words “your skin glows” in Paragraph 3 are closest in meaning to ________．
A．your skin becomes white as there is plenty of sunshine
B．your skin becomes smooth as there is much blood in it
C．your skin looks pink as you are healthy
D．your skin becomes soft as you exercise enough
答案 C
．In the author's opinion, when you exercise and eat right, you will experience some changes EXCEPT ________．
A．brains becoming cleverer
B．faces having fewer wrinkles
C．arteries turning narrower
D．genes being changed
答案 C
．From the last but one paragraph we learn that ________．
A．mothers will have more damaged telomeres if they raise a disabled child
B．mothers don't know how to handle stress effectively
C．some women were asked to fill out a questionnaire about educating children
D．mothers' positive attitudes are the key to managing their stress
答案 D
5．The best title for the passage would be ________．
A．Eat better, live better
B．Feel better, live longer
C．Less stress, fewer diseases
D．Smoke more, age sooner
答案 B
—主旨大意题、标题概括题。
(2015年山西太原五中月考)
Deborah Cohen is a senior natural scientist at the Rand Corp and the author of the book A Big Fat Crisis: The Hidden Forces Behind the Obesity Epidemic and How We Can End It. According to the book, there are lots of misunderstandings of obesity.
If you're obese, blame your genes.
Obesity rates have increased. Yet, between 1980 and 2000, the number of Americans who are obese has doubled—too quickly for genetic factors to be responsible.
At restaurants, a dollar puts more calories on our plates than ever before, because restaurant meals usually have more calorie than what we prepare at home, so people who eat out more frequently have higher rates of obesity than those who eat out less.
If you're obese, you lack self-control.
Research shows that if we are faced with too much information, we have a tendency to make poor dietary choices. Our world has become so rich in temptation that we can be led to consume too much in ways we can't understand. Even the most vigilant(警觉的) people may not be up to the task of controlling themselves.
Lack of access to fresh fruits and vegetables is responsible for obesity.
Although the US Department of Agriculture estimates that fewer than 5 percent of Americans live in the “ food deserts”, about 65 percent of the nation's population is overweight or obese. For most of us, obesity is not related to access to more fresh fruits and vegetables, but to the choices we make in supermarkets.
The problem is not that we eat too much, but that we don't exercise.
Michelle Obama's “Let's Move” campaign is based on the idea that if kids exercise more, childhood obesity rates will decrease. But there was no significant decrease in physical activity levels as obesity rates climbed in the 1980s and 1990s. In fact, although a drop in work-related physical activity may account for up to 100 fewer calories burned, leisure physical activity appears to have increased. The problem is that we eat too much.
The author mentioned Deborah Cohen's book in Paragraph 1 to
.
Introduce the topic
Draw readers' attention
Introduce the author of the book
Advertise the book
What is the relationship between obesity and the place where you eat?
The less you eat out, the higher rates of obesity you have
The less you eat at home, the lower rates of obesity you have.
The more you eat out, the higher rates of obesity you have.
The more you eat at home, the higher rates of obesity you have.
What's the best title of this passage?
Four misunderstandings of obesity
Four rules to help you avoid obesity
Obesity leads to a big fat crisis
Lacking self-control leads to obesity
语篇解读
本文通过一本书告诉我们关于肥胖的四个误区。
A 细节推断题。根据第一段According to the book, there are lots of misunderstandings of obesity.可知，根据这本书有许多关于肥胖的误区 ，下面举了四个误区，故选A项。
C 细节理解题。根据第一个误区中的because restaurant meals usually have more calories than what we prepare at home ,so people who eat out more frequently have higher rates of obesity than those who eat out less.可知，因为餐馆的菜的热量比家里的菜的热量高很多，因此在餐馆吃的次数越多，获得的热量就越高，故选C项。
A 主旨大意题。本文讲述通过一本书，提到关于肥胖的四个误区，故选A项。