重庆市2017高考英语阅读理解选编（126）（附解析）
阅读理解。
Why laughter matters
Although most people believe that laughter is one of the nature's great treatments for a whole range of mental and physical diseases, it is still a serious scientific subject that researchers are trying to figure out.
“Laughter above all else is a social thing，” says Baltimore neuroscientist, Robert Provine, who has studied laughter for decades. “All laughter groups laugh ‘hahaha’ basically the same way. Whether you speak Mandarin, French or English, everyone will understand laughter. There is a pattern generator(发生器) in our brain that produces this sound.”
Laughing is our first way of communicating. Babies laugh long before they speak. No one teaches them how to laugh. They just do. People may laugh at a prank(恶作剧) on April Fools' Day. But surprisingly, only 10 to 15 percent of laughter is the result of someone making a joke. Laughter is mostly about social responses rather than to a joke. Deaf people laugh without hearing and people on cell phones laugh without seeing, showing that laughter isn't dependent on single sense but on social interactions.
And laughter is not just a thing of people. Chimps tickle(挠痒) each other and even laugh when another chimp pretends to tickle them.
Jaak Panksepp, a Bowling Green University Psychology professor, studies rats that laugh when he tickles them. It turns out rats love to be tickled—they return again and again to the hands of researchers tickling them.
By studying rats, scientists can figure out what's going on in the brain during laughter. Northwestern University biomedical engineering professor, Jeffrey Burgdorf has found that laughter in rats produces a chemical that acts as an antidepressant(抗抑郁药). He thinks the same thing probably happens in humans, too. This would give doctors a new chemical target to develop drugs that can fight depression.
Even so, laughter itself has not been proved to be the best medicine, experts say. Margaret Stuber, a professor at University of California, studied whether laugher helped patients. She found that distraction(分心) and mood improvement helped, but she could not find a benefit of laughter alone.
“No study has shown that laughter produces a direct health benefit，” Provine said, largely because it's hard to separate laughter from just feeling good. But he thinks it doesn't really matter, “Isn't the fact that laughter feels good when you do it enough？”
1．The most important finding of Robert Provine's research is that ________．
A．laughter makes a person feel good
B．laughter depends on different senses
C．laughter is a quality people are born with
D．laughter is a social response shared by all creatures
2．According to the passage, scientists studied rats in order to find ________．
A．if they can laugh
B．if they like laughing
C．what laughter in rats produces
D．how rats react while being tickled
3．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Patients will recover if they laugh enough.
B．Laughter is a means of communication as well as a language.
C．A new medicine has been developed based on the laughter research.
D．Scientists can know what is happening in a human brain when he laughs.
4．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?
A.
B.
C.
D.
CP: Central point P: Point Sp: Subpoint(次要点)
C: Conclusion
【要点综述】“笑”既是人类也是动物的一种交际行为，多数人认为“笑”是治疗身体疾病和心理疾病的有效方式之一。“笑”是否与健康有直接的联系，尚无科学定论，但是，“笑”能使你身心愉悦，这毕竟是一件好事。
1．A 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Isn't the fact that laughter feels good when you do it enough？”可知A项正确。
2．C 事实细节题。根据第六段“…laughter in rats produces a chemical that acts as an antidepressant(抗抑郁药)．”可知。故C项正确。
3．B 事实细节题。根据第二段“All laughter groups laugh‘hahaha’ basically the same way.”以及第三段“Laughing is our first way of communicating.”可知，“笑”既是一种交际方式也是一种所有物种都能理解的语言。故B项正确。
4．D 篇章结构题。文章第一节首先提出话题：尽管“笑”被认为是治疗身体疾病和心理疾病的方式之一，但是它仍旧是研究者们试图想弄明白的一个严肃的科研项目；接着文章从两个方面来论述主观点：(1)“笑”是人类的行为：①Laughter above all else is a social thing②Laughing is our first way of communicating；(2)“笑”也是动物的行为：And laughter is not just a thing of people；最后得出结论：“笑”是否与健康有直接的联系尚无科学定论，但是，“笑”能使人身心愉悦，这毕竟是一件好事。综上可知D项正确。
阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
Going on holiday not only makes you feel good while you’re there—you gain the health benefits for months，new research shows. Jetting off to exotic destinations such as the Maldives cuts your blood pressure, helps you sleep better and bounce back from stress, it found.The benefits last at least a fortnight longer than the vacation and can be felt for months in some cases where it is claimed.Experts say workers should always take their full holiday entitlement each year—as many as one in three don’t—to get the benefits.
The study compared key health markers in holidaymakers visiting Thailand, Peru or the Maldives, with people who stayed at home and continued working. The average blood pressure of those on holiday dropped by six percent while the workers saw their blood pressure rise by two percent over the same period.The sleep quality of holidaymakers improved by 17 percent while that of the non－holidaymakers deteriorated_by 14 percent.
The study also found the ability of vacationers to recover from stress－known as the stress－resilience test－improved by 29 percent. There was a 71 percent fall in stress resilience scores among workers. Tests showed a fall in blood glucose levels, reducing the risk of diabetes, trimmer waistlines and enhanced mood and energy levels, with the effects sustained for at least two weeks after returning home.
The Holiday Health Experiment was conducted by tour operator Kuoni and Nuffield Health, the UK’s largest healthcare charity.
1. According to the passage, how many people go on holiday?
A．One third.B．Two thirds.
C．17 percent.
D．A quarter.
. Which of the following can we infer from the passage?
A．The further you go, the better the benefits.
B．Most people like to stay at home during the holiday.
C．Holidaymakers are more adaptable than non－holidaymakers.
D．The result of the study is mostly based on the description from the people involved.
. The underlined word “deteriorated” in Para.3 probably means ________.
A．improved
B．rose
C．worsened
D．remained
. The author intends to tell us that ________.
A. we have to go on holiday as much as possible
B．you’ll certainly get depressed if you don’t go on holiday
C．it is best to go to foreign countries like Maldives
D．we had better go on holiday for the benefit of health
本文主要论述了旅游可以给我们的身体带来健康。
．解析：选B。细节理解题。根据Experts say workers should always take their full holiday entitlement each year— as many as one in three don’t — to get the benefits.2/3的人去度假，故选B。
．解析：选C。推理判断题。根据Jetting off to exotic destinations such as the Maldives cuts your blood pressure, helps you sleep better and bounce back from stress, it found.可以推出度假的事的人比不度假的人更具有适应性，因为缓解了压力并且度假有利于身体健康，故选C。
．解析：选C。词义猜测题。根据The sleep quality of holidaymakers improved by 17 percent while that of the nonholidaymakers deteriorated by 14 percent.这里while表示前后的对比，前面用的是improved“提高，变好”与它对应的是“变坏”，故选C。
．解析：选D。细节理解题。根据Going on holiday not only makes you feel good while you’re there —you gain the health benefits for months，为了身体的健康我们最好去度假，故选D。阅读下列材料，从每题所给的选项中选出最佳选项。(2017·长沙二模)If you're thinking about reaching for another biscuit to get you through the working day，think again.Eating unhealthy snacks at your desk makes you pile on almost half a stone a yeara survey has revealed.The waistlines of women suffer the most，with the average female putting on 6lb 3oz—the equivalent of a whole dress size—while men see their weight increase by 5lb 2oz.
The report into our eating habits found that，on average，we eat at least two snacks a day，with 30 percent of us tucking into three or more.Women admit eating more than men，with a further 13 percent of ladies scoffing four or more snacks a day.The research，by The Village Bakery，found biscuits are the most common vice，with 42 percent regularly opening a pack，closely followed by chocolate (38 percent)，crisps (32 percent) and cakes ( 13 percent)．
And office workers are worse than most.Cakes and biscuits brought into work by colleagues are one of the main temptations office staff give in to.In addition，33 percent admit reaching for nibbles to cope with stress and 22 percent say they need a sugar rush to perk them up in the afternoon.
Simon Staddon，of The Village Bakery，said：“We were aware time－poor office workers can find it difficult to easily access a nutritional lunch.But we were really shocked by the extent to which ‘quick fix’ lunches are affecting weight gain and general well－being.Popular mid－afternoon pick－me－ups such as biscuits，chocolate and cakes are high in calories，fat and full of sugar，all of which affect your blood sugar levels and ultimately lead to weight gain.”
The survey of 2，000 British men and women suggests we are often ashamed of our unhealthy eating.Twenty－four percent of Britons admit lying about how many snacks they eat with 33 percent of women lying，compared to 20 percent of men.Unfortunately，it's as if we are not likely to do anything positive to counteract the sweet treats.
【语篇解读】 研究发现，多吃零食能让很多人在不经意间增加很多体重，办公室工作者的情况最为严重。
．According to the passage，women usually put weight on first ________．
A．on the face
B．on the legs
C．on the feet
D．in the middle
答案 D
．What's the main reason of eating snacks in the office?
A．Colleagues eat them to save money.
B.Staff use them to cope with their lunches.
C．Colleagues often bring them to office.
D．Bosses invite staff to eat them.
答案 C
．Why do office workers eat a “quick fix” lunch?
A．Because it has much of nutrition.
B．Because it has little effect on weight gain.
C．Because it has little effect on general well－being.
D．Because they have a short time to have their lunches.
答案 D
．It can be inferred that British women are ________．
A．less likely to lie on snacks than men
B．more likely to lie on snacks than men
C．more ashamed of eating snacks than men
D．less ashamed of eating snacks than men
答案 B
—主旨大意题、标题概括题。
Among all the fast growing science and technology, the research of human genes, or biological engineering as people call it, is drawing more and more attention now. sometimes it is a hot topic discussed by people.
The greatest thing that gene technology can do is to cure serious diseases that doctors at present can almost do nothing with, such as cancer and heart disease. Every year, millions of people are murdered by these two killers.
And to date, doctors have not found an effective way to cure them. But if the gene technology is applied, not only these two diseases can be cured completely, bringing happiness and more living days to the patients, but also the great amount of money people spend on curing their diseases can be saved, therefore it benefits the economy as well. In addition, human life span(寿命)can be prolonged.
Gene technology can help to give birth to healthy and clever children. Some families, with the English imperial family being a good example, have hereditary(遗传的)diseases. This means their children will for sure have the family disease, which is a great trouble for these families. In the past, doctors could do nothing about hereditary diseases. But gene technology can solve this problem perfectly. The scientist just need to find the wrong gene and correct it , and a healthy child will be born.
Some people are worrying that the gene research can be used to manufacture human beings in large quantities. In the past few years, scientists have succeeded in cloning a sheep. Therefore these people predict that human babies would soon be cloned. But I believe cloned babies will not come out in large quantities, for most couples in the world can have babies in very normal way. Of course, the government must take care to control gene technology.
What does “these two killers” in the second paragraph refer to?
Gene technology and another treatment of the two diseases.
The two murderers who killed the cloned baby.
The two diseases of cancer and heart disease.
Hereditary diseases and cancer
What's the main idea of the third paragraph?
How gene technology can be applied in the field of treating hereditary diseases.
Gene technology can be used to clone human babies.
Gene technology can help people to give birth to a baby.
Gene technology can help the English imperial family out
In what way gene technology can help to treat hereditary diseases?
Using gene technology, people with hereditary diseases can have more living days.
Using gene technology, the scientist finds the wrong gene and corrects it.
Using gene technology, human babies can be cloned.
Doctors can cure cancer and heart disease with the help of gene technology.
What is the main purpose of writing this passage?
Expressing the writer's idea that gene technology will benefit people.
Telling people the disadvantages of gene technology.
Telling the readers that gene technology will not benefit people.
Explaining that gene technology will also do harm to the humanity.
语篇解读
这篇文章比较容易读懂， 主要告诉我们有关基因工程方面的问题。
C 细节理解题。文章第二段第一、二句即为答案出处。
A 段落大意题。第三段可以从首句获得启示，其他选项不是主旨，而是一些细节的反映。
B 细节理解题。从第三段最后一句可以获得线索。
A 写作意图题。对比四个选项，显然B、C、D表达的都是相同的意思，只有A选项不同，逆向思维故为答案。