必修4 Unit 2 Working the land
单元知识预览
项目 单词及其词性变化（语法填空必备）
重点单词 1．struggle vt. & vi.斗争；拼搏；努力 2．output n．产量；输出 3．hunger n．饥饿；欲望→hungry adj.饥饿的；有欲望的 4．expand vt. & vi.使变大；伸展；阐述→expansion n．扩大；增加
5．circulate vt. & vi.循环；流传→circulation n．循环流通 6．battle n．战役；战斗；较量；斗争vt. & vi.搏斗；奋斗 7．therefore adv.因此；所以；因而 8．equip vt. & vi.配备；装备→equipment n．设备(不可数) 9．export vt. & vi.输出；出口→import vt. & vi.输入；入口；进口 10．nationality n．国籍→nation n．国家；民族→national adj.国家的；国有的
11．occupation n．工作；职业；占领→occupy vt.占领 12．confuse vt.使迷惑；使为难→confusing adj.令人迷惑的→confused adj.感到迷惑的→confusion n．迷惑 13．regret vt.遗憾；惋惜 n．遗憾；懊悔→regretful adj.后悔的 14．chemical adj.化学的；关于化学的→chemistry n．化学→chemist n．化学家；药剂师 15．bacteria n．(bacterium的复数形式)细菌
16．reduce vt.减少；缩减；简化→reduction n．缩小；减少 17．summary n．总结；摘要；概要→summarize vt.总结 18．comment n．评论；议论 vi. & vt.表达意见；作出评论
重点短语 1．thanks to幸亏；由于 2．rid...of
摆脱；除去 3．be satisfied with
对……感到满意 4．would rather
宁愿；宁可 5．build up
逐渐增强；建立；开发 6．lead to
导致；造成 7．focus on
集中(注意力、精力等)于
8．keep...free from/of
使……免受(影响、伤害等)； 使……不含(有害物) 9．make a difference
造成差异，很重要 10．keep in mind
牢记在心 11．cause damage to
对……造成危害 12．in addition
再者，还有 13．turn to
转向
经典句型
（高考书面表达必备） 1．Dr. Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybrid rice.袁隆平博士种植的是被称为“超级杂交水稻”的稻种。 2．This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one－third more of the crop in the same fields. 这种特别的稻种使得同样的田地多收获1/3的产量。
3．Using his hybrid rices, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before. 用他的杂交水稻种子，农民们种出比以前多一倍的粮食。 4．He would much rather keep time for his hobbies. 他宁愿把时间花在自己的爱好上。
必备语法（高级句型）
晨读范文背诵
背诵这篇范文2016届高三模拟考试（最后一卷）英语试题】
李华是一个生活在某个社区的孩子，她感到孩子们的社区生活单调，几乎没有朋友，于是打算向社区负责人黄叔叔提出解决该问题的建议。请你就此事以李华的名义写一篇 100 词左右的邮件。
内容包括： 1. 组织社区里的孩子参加清洁本小区的劳动。
2. 提供一个固定场所供孩子们课后学习和交流。 3. 鼓励孩子们加入社区足球俱乐部并安排比赛。 注意：
1. 词数 100 左右； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 信的开头与结尾已为你写好。
【参考范文】
Dear Uncle Huang
I am Li Hua, a child living in this community. Most of the children in out community feel lonely and bored because we have few friends here. To change this situation, I’d like to offer some suggestions
First, would you please organize the children to clean up our neighborhood regularly? Through this activity , we can know each other and make new friends. Second, I wonder if you could find us a room to do our homework so that we can help and learn from each other. Third, I think it’s a good idea to encourage children to join the community’s football club and arrange some matches.
I hope we can get more involved in our community and our life will be colorful and full of fun.
Best wished!
Li Hua
语言知识精析
重点单词精讲
考点1．struggle n．& vi.斗争；拼搏；努力
【教材原句】Indeed，his sunburnt face and arms and his slim，strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers，for whom he has struggled for the past five decades.
的确，他那被太阳晒得黝黑的脸庞和手臂，以及他那瘦削而又结实的身体，就跟千百万中国农民一模一样，过去50年来，他一直在努力帮助他们。
【例句研读】
（1）With more and more fast－food concepts reaching the market，the Sparrow menu had to struggle for attention.随着越来越多的快餐理念进入市场，“Sparrow”的菜单不得不为争取注意力而斗争。
（2）We have to struggle_with all kinds of difficulties from home and abroad.我们必须和来自国内外的各种各样的困难做斗争。
（3）He struggled to his feet and dragged slowly ahead.他挣扎着站起来缓慢地前行。
【归纳拓展】
struggle with/against 与……搏斗/斗争 struggle for sth./to do sth. 努力/争取…… struggle through 奋力通过 struggle to one‘s feet 挣扎着站起来 struggle on/along (虽艰难仍)继续做某事 with a struggle 费劲地
【即时巩固】
(1)They had to _________ ______ their lives ______ weather and wild animals. 为了生存他们必须与天气和野兽抗争。 (2)They had to _________ ____________ all kinds of difficulties. 他们得和各样的困难作斗争。 (3)She _________ ______ ______ ______ ______ her attacker.她挣扎着想摆脱那个袭击她的人。
(4)______ ______ ______ __________， the old woman gained control of her business. 经过长期努力，这位老妇人在业务上已能应付自如。
考点2．rid vt.摆脱；除去
【教材原句】Thanks to his research，the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger.多亏了他的研究，联合国在消除世界饥饿的战斗中又多了些方法。
【例句研读】
(1) Many people are working hard to rid the world of famine.很多人在努力使世界不再有饥荒。
(2) The dentist rid_him_of the pain by taking out his bad tooth.
牙科医生把他的坏牙拔掉，使他免除痛苦。
(3)It's time we got rid of all these old toys.我们该把这些旧玩具全部丢掉了。
【归纳拓展】
be/get rid of 去掉，摆脱；抛弃 remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事 inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事 be free of... 摆脱……
【即时巩固】
(1)One day we will manage to ______ ______ ______ ______ this terrible disease. 总有一天我们有办法使这种可怕的疾病在世界上绝迹。 (2)You must ______ _________ ______ these old－fashioned ideas.你必须摒弃这些陈旧观念。 (3)We‘ll have to ______ ______ ______ him. 我们必须摆脱他。 (4)How can we ______ ______ ______ all the flies in the kitchen? 我们怎样才能把厨房内的苍蝇统统消灭掉？
考点3．equip vt.& vi.配备；装备
【教材原句】He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture.
因此，他资助几百万元供其他人进行农业研究。
【例句研读】
(1) The boys equipped themselves with torches and rope，and set off.男孩们带上火把和绳索后出发了。 (2) His work experience equipped him to deal with all kinds of people.
他的工作经验使他能与各种各样的人打交道。
(3) Your education will equip you for your future life.你(所受)的教育将使你能适应今后的生活。
【归纳拓展】
equipment n. [U]装备；设备 equip sb./sth. with sth. 用某物装备某人/物 equip sb./sth. for (doing) sth. 为(做)某事而准备 sb. be equipped to do sth. 某人有准备做某事 equip sb. to do sth. 使某人能够做某事 be equipped with sth. 装备有某物 a piece of equipment 一件设备
【即时巩固】
(1)Our classroom ______ ________ ______ a TV set and a tape recorder. 我们的教室里配有一台电视和一台录音机。 (2)A good education should ______ ______ ______ ______.良好的教育能使你受用终生。 (3)Our school has been given ______ ______ __________. 我们学校有了一些赠送的新设备。考点4．regret vt.遗憾；惋惜 n．遗憾；懊悔
【教材原句】His father says that he has never regretted sending his son to study abroad.他父亲说他从来不后悔送他儿子到国外学习。
【例句研读】
(1) I have always regretted not having studied hard at school.我一直后悔在校期间没有努力学习。
(2) I regret to inform you that your contract will not be renewed.我很遗憾地通知你，你的合同将不予续签。
(3)To my great regret，we have no much time left to discuss the problem.我感到遗憾的是我们没有多少时间讨论这个问题了。
【归纳拓展】
refuse with much regret (many regrets) 婉言拒绝 to one's regret 令人遗憾的是 feel regretful for....对……感到后悔 express regret for/at/over sth... 对……表示遗憾 regret＋n./pron./doing/having done 后悔做某事 regret＋that－clause 后悔，遗憾…… regret to say/tell/inform... 很抱歉地说/告诉/通知…… It's much to be regretted that... 令人遗憾的是……
【即时巩固】
(1)He regretted _________ ______ careless. ＝He regretted ______ ______ ______ ______ careless. 他对于自己的粗心大意感到懊悔。 (2)I regret ______ ______ you that we are unable to offer you employment. 我遗憾地通知你，我们不能雇用你。 (3)______ ______ ______ ______， I must leave now. 令我很遗憾的是，我现在必须离开了。 (4)We heard ______ ______ that you were not successful in your plan. 听到你的计划不能顺利进行，我们觉得很可惜。
考点5．reduce vt.减少，缩减
【例句研读】
(1) Now the costs of a bike have been reduced to 50 dollars.现在一辆自行车的成本已降低到50美元。 (2) It is proper that housing prices reduce by 10%.房价降低10%是适当的。
【归纳拓展】
reduce one's expenditure 减少某人的开支 be reduced to despair 陷入绝望 reduce to... 降至…… reduce by... 减少了……
【即时巩固】
(1)He persuaded them to ______ the price ______ $1 000. 他设法使他们的价格降到1 000美元。 (2)Production costs have ______ ________ ______ one third. 生产成本下降了1/3。 (3)The fire __________ the forest ______ a few trees. 大火把森林烧得仅剩下几棵树了。
考点6．focus n．(兴趣、活动等的)中心；焦点v．(使)集中，聚集；(使)聚焦
【归纳拓展】
be in focus 焦距对准；清晰 be out of focus 焦距没对准；模糊 bring sth. into focus 把某物集中在焦点上 focus sth. on (upon) sth.＝fix...on... 使……集中于…… be focused on/upon sth.＝be fixed on 集中于……
【即时巩固】
(1)We should ______ ______ _________ ______ our study. 我们应该把注意力放在学习上。 (2)She felt all the eyes ______ _________ ______ her. 她觉得所有人都在注视着她。
考点7．comment vt.评论 n．评论，意见，议论
【例句研读】
(1)Have you any comments on the proposals？你对这些建议有什么意见吗？ (2)It created wide comment in the press. 这引起报界广泛的评论。 【归纳拓展】
ask for comment 征求意见 make comments on sth.评论某事 No comment. 无可奉告。 Without comment. 不必多说。 comment(v.)on/ upon sth.评论，对……发表意见 comment(v.)that－clause评论……
【即时巩固】
(1)He made some useful ___________ ______ my work. 他对我的作品作了一些实用的评论。 (2)He ____________ that it was an excellent film. 他评论这部电影很精彩。
重点短语精讲
考点1．build up逐渐增强；建立；开发
【教材原句】Try and build up his confidence a bit.试试让他增加对自己的信心。
【例句研读】
(1) Our relationship is built on trust.我们的关系建立在互相信任的基础上。
(2) The new plan will build on the success of the previous programme.这个新计划将以先前那个方案所取得的成功作为基础。
(3) I could tell she was building up to some kind of announcement.我看得出她有什么事情准备向大家宣布。
【归纳拓展】
build up to为……作准备
build on建立在……的基础上
【即时巩固】
写出下列句子中build up的含义
(1)Slowly a thick layer of fat builds up on the pan's surface.
(2)Exercise will help build up the muscles.
(3)They have finally built up a big company.
考点2．lead to导致；造成(后果)；通向……
【教材原句】Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses.很多这类化学物质会引起癌症或其他疾病。
【例句研读】
（1）He decided to lead a new life after the unusual experience.这次不平常的经历过后，他决定过一种新的生活。
（2）Our scientists are leading the way in space research.我们的科学家在宇宙探索中处于领先地位。
（3）This has led scientists to think about other solutions to the problem.这就使得科学家不得不想其他解决问题的方法。
【归纳拓展】
lead＋n.＋to sth. 引导……到…… lead sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事
提示：(1)lead to中的 to为介词，后面跟代词、名词或动名词。类似的词组还有：devote to 致力于/pay attention to
对……加以注意/object to 反对/stick to 坚持/look forward to 期望，等等。 (2)lead to 不用被动语态。 (3)lead to 是前因后果，而 lie in (＝result from) 是前果后因。
【即时巩固】
(1)The bank has offered a reward for any information ____________ the arrest of the men. 银行悬赏任何能将这些人绳之以法的情报。 (2)What _____________________ acting as a career？是什么让你开始从事演艺事业的？
考点3．focus on/upon集中注意力于……
【教材原句】They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease.
他们主要是想保持土壤肥沃且免于病害。
【例句研读】
(1) He focused his binoculars on the building opposite.他把双筒望远镜对准对面的建筑物。
(2) Thank you，your view has brought the matter into_focus．谢谢你，你的观点使问题清楚了。
【归纳拓展】
(1)focus/fix/concentrate one's attention on sth./doing sth.把注意力集中到某事/做某事
focus sth. on sth.调节……焦距对准……
(2)bring/throw sth. into focus
使……明朗化；使……突出
come into focus(某物)轮廓清晰；(问题)突出
【即时巩固】
【例句研读】
(1)The __________my camera isn‘t working properly. 我照相机上的调焦装置有毛病。 (2)Her beauty makes her_____________. 她长得漂亮，很惹人注意。
考点4. thanks to 由于；多亏(介词短语，在句中做原因状语，常置于句首或句末)
【例句研读】
Thanks to Jim's warning, we avoided the accident. 多亏吉姆的提醒，我们避免了一场事故。
【归纳拓展】
because of 因为；由于 owing to 由于，因……之缘故 as a result of 作为……的结果，由于 due to 因为，由于(不能放在句首) on account of 由于；因为
【即时巩固】
(1)I couldn't attend the meeting ______ ______ illness. 我因病不能出席会议。 (2)The delay was ______ ______ power failure. 延滞是由于停电。
考点5. be satisfied with 对……感到满意
【例句研读】
I was satisfied with the result.我对那个结果很满意。 【归纳拓展】
be satisfied that... 满意…… be satisfied to do 乐意干…… satisfy vt.满意；使满意 satisfied adj. 感到满意的 satisfying adj. 令人满意的 satisfactory adj. 令人满意的 satisfaction n. 满意，满足
【即时巩固】
(1)My parents try to __________________. 我父母尽量满足我的需求。 (2)There was __________________ on his face. 他脸上露出了满意的微笑。 (3)________________________，my boss agreed to my suggestion. 很使我满意的是，老板同意了我的建议。
考点6. keep...free from/of 使……免受(影响、伤害等) 使……不含(有害物)
【例句研读】
Keep the table free from dirt by putting a cover over it. 用个东西把桌子罩住，免得灰尘落在上面。
【归纳拓展】
free from 没有……，免于……，无……之忧 free of 无……的；免于……的，离开了……的 free sb./sth. from...使某人/某物自由；解放；释放 for free＝free of charge 免费地，无偿地 be free to do sth. 自由地做某事 be free with sb. 对某人放肆 free as the air 自由自在 set sb. free 释放某人
【即时巩固】
(1)The lake
______________
pollution. 这湖没有污染。 (2)The secretary _________________ all blame for the errors.这些失误完全不能怪秘书。 (3)Try to __________________ all prejudices. 尽量消除一切偏见。
经典句型剖析
考点1 省略句
【教材原句】If_so，what did you do to grow them？如果是这样的话，你怎么来种植这些植物？
【句法分析】if so“如果这样的话”，是if引导的条件状语从句的省略形式，表示肯定意义；如果表示否定意义，则用if not。
【拓展归纳】
if ever如果有过/发生过的话
if any如果有的话
if possible如果有可能
if necessary如果有必要
【例句研读】
(1) If possible，try and go to bed and wake up at the same time every day.如果可能的话，尝试每天都在同一时间睡觉和起床。
(2) If not，in a few years' time the very things that attract tourists now may well have been destroyed.
如果不这样做的话，在几年之后，现在吸引游客的事物可能已经被破坏了。
【即时巩固】
____________________，I'll go there myself.
如果必要的话，我将亲自去那儿一趟。
考点2
would rather 意为“宁愿，更愿意”
【教材原句】He would much rather keep time for his hobbies. 他宁愿把时间花在自己的爱好上。
【句法分析】(1)would rather 意为“宁愿，更愿意”，后接动词原形，否定式是在 would rather 后加 not/never。 ①—Shall we dine out? —I‘d rather stay at home. ——我们要不要出去吃饭？ ——我宁愿留在家里。
②I‘d rather not tell anybody about it. 我不愿把这事告诉任何人。 (2)would rather do sth. than do sth./would do sth. rather than do sth. 意为“宁愿做某事而不去做某事”。 ①I would rather listen to others than talk myself. 我愿意听别人说，自己不愿意说。 ②He would rather die than give in. 他宁死不屈。
(3)would rather have done sth. 意为“要是做过某事就好了；宁愿做过某事”，表示后悔或遗憾等语气。 I would rather have taken his advice yesterday. 我昨日要是听了他的建议就好了。 (4)would rather 后接 that从句时，从句中的谓语动词用过去时态虚拟语气。 ①I would rather (that) he didn‘t come. 我宁愿他没来。 ②I’d rather you told me the truth. 我更愿意你给我讲实话。
【即时巩固】
(1)Would you mind my using your computer for a little while? —______. A．No, please don't
B．I'd rather you didn't C．I'm afraid not
D．Sure, it's my pleasure
(2)I would rather ______ the football match last night with my friends; otherwise, I would have finished my paperwork by now. A．not have watched
B．not watch C．hadn't watched
D．haven't watched
考点3
What的用法
【教材原句】Dr Yuan Longping grows what_is_called_super_hybrid_rice. 袁隆平博士种植的是被称为“超级杂交水稻”的稻种。
【句法分析】
what is called super hybrid rice用做grows的宾语从句，为一名词性从句，也可称为whatclause；而且what在从句中可用做主语、宾语或者表语。此从句在结构上相当于“the＋名词＋定语从句”。
【例句研读】
(1) ①After a hard time they came to what is called America today.艰难的努力后他们来到了现在称作美洲的地方。
(2) We now live in what is called the Information Age. 我们现在生活在所谓的信息时代。
(3) He graduated from what was called a key high school. 他毕业于一所所谓的重点高中。
【即时巩固】
(1) Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from ______ their parents speak at home. A．what
B．that C．which
D．one
(2)A modern city has been set up in ______ was a wasteland ten years ago. A．what
B．which C．that
D．where