重庆市2017高考英语阅读理解选编（65）（附解析）
（2017高考训练）阅读理解。
Stressed? It is shown in recent research that walking or cycling to work calms you down (traveling by bus or train is also better than driving).
Walking to work reduces stress and improves brain power, researchers say. Adults who stopped driving the car and started walking or cycling became calmer and found it easier to concentrate. A study of 18,000 Britons found that going to work by train or bus improved their wellbeing compared with driving.
The study, published in the journal Preventive Medicine, also found that the longer people spent walking or cycling, the happier or less stressed they were. However, stress levels and inability to concentrate worsened if they spent more time in the car.
Lead researcher Adam Martin, from the University of East Anglia's Norwich Medical School, said that despite the crowds and disruption, walking to bus stops or stations and being able to relax on the journey “cheer people up”. Two thirds drive to work, 18 percent use public transport, 11 percent walk and 3 percent cycle.
A research earlier this year found that commuters (乘公共车辆往返者) had small but statistically significant lower scores on all measures of wellbeing. The worst effects were witnessed in those whose journeys last between 61 and 90 minutes. But when commuting time reaches three hours or more, the negative effects disappear, the report said.
“The effects of commuting on personal wellbeing are the greatest for anxiety and happiness, suggesting that commuting affects daytoday emotions more than overall evaluations of satisfaction with life or the sense that daily activities are worthwhile，” the report stated.
Dr Daniel Newman, from Cardiff University's Sustainable Places Research Institute, said, “This report says that many of us, who spend mornings and evenings sitting in traffic jam, already know: commuting can be a chore.”
1.What can be learned from Paragraph 1?
A.Driving for long drives people crazy.
B.Feeling stressed can be predicted.
C.Walking to work helps reduce stress.
D.Travelling by bus makes people excited.
2.Walking to work is something
________.
A.preferred by most people
B.easier to perform in daily life
C.making people more creative
D.beneficial to the sense of happiness
3.What does the underlined word “chore” probably mean?
A.Tiresome task.
B.Amazing challenge.
C.Meaningless thing.
D.Financial trouble.
4.What type of writing is this text?
A.A scientific report.
B.A transportation guide.
C.A policy announcement.
D.A new lifestyle introduction.
1．解析：选C 细节理解题通读第一段可以知道步行去上班有利于缓解压力解析：选D 细节理解题第二三段的内容告诉我们：研究发现步行上班有助于提高幸福指数解析：选A 词义猜测题最后一段中提到乘公交车上下班的人们早晚都遇到交通堵塞那肯定也是一件让人感到讨厌的事情解析：选A 推理判断题根据文章多处提到的researchers say, The study以及A research可推测本文应该属于一篇科学研究报告Something that has always interested me about Abraham Lincoln is, not surprisingly, his sense of humor. As far as I can tell, he’s the first American President to have one.
That’s because the term“sense of humor”really wasn’t in common usage until the eighteen sixties and seventies. In the eighteen forties and fifties, it was called“the sense of the ridiculous”, and didn’t have the positive connotations(隐含意义)that“sense of humor”has today. Back then, what was ridiculous was what invited ridicule(讥笑). Funniness and cruelty went hand in hand. Of course, they still do a lot of arm-in-arm walking in our day as well.
Lincoln’s humor was very different because, for one thing, it was actually“humor”as what the word meant in his time. We don’t make the distinction between“wit(风趣)”and“humor”anymore; but in the nineteenth century people did. Wit was unpleasant and offensive while humor was pleasant and sympathetic. It’s the difference we note now when we distinguish between“laughing with”and“laughing at”. Lincoln was much more about“laughing with”than“laughing at”. And when“laughing at”, it was often himself he was teasing.
In the famous Lincoln-Douglas debate, when Douglas accused Lincoln of being two-faced, Lincoln replied, referencing his plain looking, “Honestly, if I were two-faced, would I be showing you this one? ”And, in a way, Lincoln’s face itself tells us much about his sense of humor.
You can comb through thousands of photographs of politicians, soldiers, and the like from Lincoln’s time and not find a single smile.
True, the long exposures(曝光)required for photographs of that time made smiling difficult. Yet Lincoln alone, as far as I can tell, overcame that difficulty.
Interestingly, while having a sense of humor, or at least the appearance of one provided by comedy writers, has become a necessary characteristic for an American President in our time, in the nineteenth century, too much humor was considered a problem. And that was the case for Lincoln. A journalist covering the Lincoln-Douglas debate commented that“I could not take a real personal liking to the man, owing to an inborn weakness for which he was even then notorious and so remained during his great public career, he was extremely fond of jokes, anecdotes, and stories. ”
【文章大意】说起第16任美国总统亚伯拉罕·林肯, 很多人会立即想起他对解放黑奴和维护美利坚联邦完整所做出的巨大贡献, 想起他能言善辩的口才和妙语连珠的演讲, 但却很少有人知道, 林肯的“幽默感”也开创了一个新时代。
1. We can infer from Paragraph 2 that .
A. the American President could influence the use of English
B. the term“sense of humor”wasn’t invented until the 1860s
C. what is funny to someone might be offensive to someone else
D. the concept of humor remains the same despite the passing of time
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据该段中“didn’t have the positive connotations that‘sense of humor’has today(没有今天幽默感所具有的积极的隐含意义)”和“Back then, what was ridiculous was what invited ridicule. (在当时, 好笑的事就是招致讥笑的事。)”可知C项正确。
. The underlined words“this one”in Paragraph 4 refer to .
A. Lincoln’s unattractive face
B. Lincoln’s sense of humor
C. the debate they were having
D. cruelty that went with funniness
【解析】选A。词义猜测题。在林肯与道格拉斯的辩论中, 道格拉斯批评林肯是两面派, 而林肯提到自己相貌平平(his plain looking), 接着指出“如果我是两面派, 我还会向你展现我相貌平平的一面吗”。这说明林肯很幽默。
. We rarely see people from Lincoln’s time wear a smile in their photos because .
A. being humorous was considered inappropriate
B. they found it quite funny to smile before the camera
C. not smiling for photographs was the fashion
D. photography technology then was not advanced
【解析】选D。细节理解题。从原文倒数第二段可知“当时摄影时, 照片曝光时间比较长, 这使得拍照时, 人们很难保持微笑”。
. What might the writer think of the journalist covering the Lincoln-Douglas debate?
A. His comment accurately reflected his time.
B. He created a false picture of Lincoln.
C. He was prejudiced and self-centered.
D. He was brave to point out Lincoln’s weakness.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。报道林肯与道格拉斯的辩论的记者所说的话准确地反映了当时那个时代。
（2016高考训练）阅读下列材料，从每题所给的选项中选出最佳选项。体裁：议论文 话题：自我推销 词数：307 时间：7′
According to a recent article in The Wall Street Journal，we might all be braggarts(大话王) in this competitive society addicted to social networking.
Take a close look at your socialnetworking sites.Do you like to post photos of yourself in restaurants to show others what an exciting life you have？Or do you like to write about how happily in love you are？Or perhaps you are of the subtle type who constantly complain about jobs but really just want to impress others with your important position.
According to the results of a series of experiments conducted by Harvard University neuroscientists (神经科学家)，the reward areas of our brain—the same areas that respond to “primary rewards”
such
as
food—are
activated
when
we
talk
about ourselves.We devote between 30 to 40 percent of our conversation time to doing just that.Unfortunately，Elizabeth Bernstein，a columnist with The Wall Street Journal，says，some people can't tell the difference between sharing positive information that others might actually want to know and direct bragging.She suggests that bragging involves comparison，whether stated or implied.
“We are expected to be perfect all the time.The result is that more and more people are carefully managing their online images，”says Elizabeth Bernstein.
But the issue is not limited to the Internet.In a fiercely competitive job market we must sell ourselves on multiple platforms and show that we are better than others.In fact，we have become so accustomed to bragging that we don't even realize we are doing it，according to Bernstein.This is harmful to our relationships and puts people off.
Bernstein talked to some experts who said that people brag for all sorts of reasons：to appear worthy of attention；to prove to ourselves we are doing fine and that people who said we would fail are wrong；or simply because we're excited when good things happen to us.
“Feel sorry for them，because they're doing this unconscious，destructive thing that won't help them in the long run，”said Professor Simian Valier，a research psychologist at Washington University.
【语篇解读】 这是一篇议论文。生活中，大话王最讨人嫌，可是不知不觉间，我们竟然开始用夸张的语言打造自己的形象。在疯狂吹嘘的背后，其实是一种自我营销，但是长远来看，这种方式对人们没有太大帮助。
．The underlined word “subtle” in Para.2 is closest in meaning to “________”．
A．hidden
B．apparent
C．outstanding
D．simple
答案 A [词义猜测题。根据画线词后的．..but really just want to impress others with your important position.可知此单词意为“隐藏的，暗暗的，不明显的”。]
．Which of the following is one of the features of braggarts?
A．They control conversation and only talk about themselves.
B．They know well how to share positive information.
C．They selfpromote to stand out in their career.
D．They don't pay much attention to their online image.
答案 C [细节理解题。根据第五段第二句In a fiercely competitive job market we must sell ourselves on multiple platforms and show that we are better than others.可知，在激烈的职场中，我们必须在多个平台推销自己来证明我们比别人更优秀。]
．What can we infer from the passage?
A．Braggarts make a good first impression but the effect decreases over time.
B．People who like bragging know what they are doing.
C．Braggarts always adopt comparison directly to show they are excellent.
D．They care much about the feelings of others when talking.
答案 A [推理判断题。根据五段最后一句This is harmful to our relationships and puts people off.及最后一段的．..they're doing this unconscious，destructive thing that won't help them...可知答案为A项。]
．Which would be the best title for the passage?
A．Are You a Braggart?
B．Society Addicted to Networking
C．Why do We Keep on Bragging?
D．How to Deal with a Braggart?
答案 A [主旨大意题。本文作者首先指出生活中我们可能都是社交网络大话王，同时指出吹牛这个问题不仅存在于互联网，也在职场中存在，并分析其原因，加以评论。所以A项正确。C项为强干扰项，但细读文章发现，C项只是全文内容的一部分。]阅读理解
Public bookshelves are appearing across Germany on street corners，city squares and in suburban supermarkets.In these freeforall libraries，people can grab whatever they want to read，and leave behind anything they want for others.There’s no need to register，no due date，and you can take or give as many as you want.“This project is aimed at everyone who likes to read.It is open for everybody，”
Michael
Aubermann，one of the organizers of the free book exchange said.
The western city’s latest public shelf was put up next to Bayenturm.It is the fourth free shelf that Aubermann’s group，the Cologne Citizen’s Foundation，has placed outside.“We set up our other outdoor shelves last year and it’s been working really well，”
said Aubermann.The public bookshelves，which are usually financed by donations and cared for by local volunteer groups，have appeared independently of each other in many cities，suburbs and villages.Each shelf holds around 200 books and it takes about six weeks for a complete turnover，with all the old titles replaced by new ones.
Even commercial book stores and online book sellers seem to support the idea of free book exchanges.“We see this project rather as a sales promotion than as competition，”
said Elmar Muether.“If books are present everywhere，it helps our business，too.”
So far，the Cologne book group has had few problems with damage or other problems.Aubermann said，“Propaganda (宣传) is the only kind of literature we do not allow here.”
At another bookshelf in the Bayenthal neighborhood，the lower shelves are reserved for children’s literature only.“It is important that we make it easy for everyone to participate in this ‘reading culture on the street’—from old readers to kids to immigrants，” Aubermann said.
While most of the shelves have so far been put up in upscale_neighborhoods，Aubermann and the 20 volunteers who help look after the project are planning to put up future shelves in poor neighborhoods，where citizens often don’t have as much access to literature.
语篇解读 在德国的城市街角、广场和郊区超市，一排排公共书架出现在人们的视野中。你可以随意取阅或捐赠图书。这项免费换书活动得到了人们的支持。
1．Which of the following is TRUE about the public bookshelves?
A．People can take the books and leave their books at will.
B．People can’t borrow books unless they donate books.
C．People can borrow whatever they like after registering.
D．People have to return the books according to the required time.
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“people can grab whatever they want to read，and leave behind anything they want for others.There’s no need to register，no due date，and you can take or give as many as you want.”可知，人们可以随意取阅或捐赠图书，不需要登记，也没有规定的还书时间。
答案 A
2．According to Aubermann，the public bookshelves________.
A．are financed by local volunteers
B．have been going well since their birth
C．were managed by the local government
D．will hold more books and take a shorter turnover
解析 细节理解题。由第二段中的“We set up our other outdoor shelves last year and it’s been working really well”可知，公共书架自诞生以来运行良好。根据第二段第四句话可知A项错误，C、D两项文中没有信息支持。
答案 B
3．The underlined phrase “upscale neighborhoods” refers to________.
A．communities that have many people
B．communities that have many tall buildings
C．communities that are free to live in
D．communities that are of high grade
解析 词义猜测题。根据后面的“poor neighborhoods”的对比可知，upscale neighborhoods指的是高档社区。
答案 D
4．Which might be the best title for the passage?
A．Public Reading Becomes Popular Worldwide
B．New Trends of Bookshelves in Germany
C．Public Bookshelves Spread Across Germany
D．Reading Culture on the Street in Europe
解析 标题概括题。综合本文内容可知，C项“公共书架遍布德国”最适合作为本文的标题。
答案 C