2．进行时 (1)进行时表示动作的未完成性、暂时性、感情色彩(赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等)，经常与always, constantly连用。
The lazy person always complaining about life.(厌恶) 这个懒惰的人总是抱怨生活。
(2)动词come, go, leave, stay, fly, arrive, begin, start, take等可用进行时表示将来。
I am taking my mother to spend the holiday next month. 下个月我将带着母亲去度假。 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空 1．Whenever you ____________ (buy) a present, you should think about it from the receiver's point of view.(2017湖南) 2．If we don't act now to protect the environment, we________(live) to regret it.(2017课标Ⅰ) 3．We _________________(leave)very early so we packed the night before.(2017课标Ⅱ) 4．Look at the timetable.Hurry up！Flight 4026 _____________ (take)off at 18：20. 5．Mike's wife never gives him pocket money until he _________(explain) clearly how he will spend it. 【答案】1.buy 2.will live 3.were leaving 4.takes
5．has explained
六、常用的固定时态 1．It/This/That is/was the＋序数词＋time that…“这是某人第……次做某事”，that从句用现在完成时/过去完成时。如： This is the first time we have met in America. 2．It is /has been/was＋时间段＋since从句，从句中用一般过去时/过去完成时。如： It has been 3 years since I smoked. 3．It will (not) be/was(not)＋时间段＋before从句，从句中用一般现在时/一般过去时。如： It will be 2 days before the task is accomplished. 4．Hardly/Scarcely had…when…，No sooner had…than…中，when从句和than从句用一般过去时。如： Hardly had I arrived in Beijing when I rang up my father.
5．by the time从句用一般现在时时，主句用将来完成时，by the time从句用一般过去时时；主句用过去完成时。如： By the time you wake up tomorrow, you will have found a nice gift in your stocking. 根据括号中的汉语和动词提示完成下面的句子 1．This is the first time she _____________ (参观长城)． 2．It _______(三年)since I gave up smoking. 3．It __________(两个月)before they accomplish the tough task completely. 4．Hardly ____________ (我们一到山顶) when we collected the rubbish thrown here and there. 5．He __________(离开了)by the time we reached home. 【答案】1.has visited the Great Wall 2.is/has been
3 years 3.will be two months 4．had we arrived at the top of the mountain 5.had left 七、被动语态的构成 语态 分类 现在 过去 将来 过去将来 一般 is/am/are done was/were done will/shall be done would/should be done 进行 is/am/are being done was/were being done / / 完成 have/has been done had been done will/shall have been done would/should have been done 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空 1．Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement________(reach) so far by the two sides.(2015天津) 2．To my delight, I __________(choose) from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.(2015福建) 3．It is reported that a space station __________(build) on the moon in years to come.(2015安徽) 4．We won't start the work until all the preparations____________ (make)．(2017天津) 5．Unless some extra money ____________ (find), the theatre will close.(2017大纲卷) 【答案】1.has been reached 2.was chosen 3.will be built 4.have been made 5.is found 八、主动表示被动的常用形式 1．“系动词look, sound, feel, smell, taste, appear, seem, go, prove, turn, stay, become, fall, get, grow, keep＋形容词/名词”构成系表结构。 2．表示主语的某种行为的不及物动词，如read, write, sell, wash, clean, wear, open, cook, lock, shut等，可用主动形式表示被动含义。
3．表示开始、结束、运动的动词，如begin，finish，start，open，close，stop，end，shut，run，move等。如：The meeting began at 8 and ended at 10. 4．动词want, need, require, deserve后接不定式的被动形式或动名词的主动形式意义相同。 根据括号中的汉语提示完成下面的句子 1．By the time you have finished this book, your meal __________________(将会变凉)． 2．I want to buy that jacket because I have been told the cloth ___________(很好洗)． 3．Food supplies in the floodstricken area ______________(快用光了)．We must act immediately before there's none left. 4．Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future _______________(属于) the welleducated. 5．I heard that a big fire ___________(发生)in the hotel last night. 【答案】1.will get cold 2.washes well 3.are running out 4.belongs to 5.broke out 专题四 动词的时态和语态 一、常用时态的基本用法 时态 时态 构成(以do为例) 基本用法 典例 一般过去时 did 表示过去的动作或状态、过去习惯性的动作，在时间或条件状语从句中表过去将来等。 He usually went to school by bike. 时态 构成(以do为例) 基本用法 典例 一般现在时 do/does 表示经常发生或反复发生的动作、现在或现阶段的情况或状态、客观事实或普遍真理、按计划要发生的动作以及在时间、条件或让步状语从句中表将来等。 The bus leaves at 5 o'clock. 时态 构成(以do为例) 基本用法 典例 一般将来时 will/shall do 表示单纯的将来。shall用于第一人称，will用于各种人称。will＋动词原形还可以表示说话时临时做出的决定。 I will ask him for help. 时态 构成(以do为例) 基本用法 典例 一般将来时 is/am/are
going to do 表示现在打算或计划将来要做的事情。 The meeting is going to be held next week. 表示根据某种迹象认为在最近或将来要发生的事情。 It looks as if it is going to rain. 时态 构成(以do为例) 基本用法 典例 一般将来时 is/am/are to do 表示预先安排好的计划或约定。 I am to meet Mr.Zhang at 9 o'clock this morning. 表示说话人的意志、意图、指责、义务、命令等。 You are not to smoke in the living room. 表示注定要发生的事情。 Your plan is to be a success. 时态 构成(以do为例) 基本用法 典例 一般将来时 be about to do 表示正要或即将要做某事，该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用。 I was (just) about to explain when she interrupted me. 时态 构成(以do为例) 基本用法 典例 过去将来时 would/should do 常用于宾语从句或间接引语中，从过去的观点看将要发生的动作或存在的状态等。 They asked the boss if they would carry out the plan soon. 时态 构成(以do为例) 基本用法 典例 现在进行时 is/am/are doing 表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作和发生的事等。 I am diong my homework now. 过去进行时 was/were doing 表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在发生的动作、按计划过去某时刻要发生的动作等。 I was shopping with my family. 时态 构成(以do为例) 基本用法 典例 现在完成时 have/has done 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果、过去已经开始并持续到现在的动作或状态，常与already，so far，since，up to now, in the last＋段时间等连用。 I have made much progress in math in the last three months. 时态 构成(以do为例) 基本用法 典例 现在完成 进行时 has/have been doing 表示过去某时开始一直持续到现在(这个动作可能刚停止，也可能还在进行)，不少情况下表示与现在状态有联系，有时表示动作的重复等。 I have been painting the house all the morning. 时态 构成(以do为例) 基本用法 典例 过去完成时 had done 表示在过去某个动作或时间前已经发生或完成的动作。 I had finished the task before you called me. 根据句意，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 1．—Where is Peter? I can't find him anywhere. —He went to the library after breakfast and ______(write) his essay there ever since.(2015福建)
2．As you go through this book, you ________(find) that each of the millions of people who lived through World War Ⅱ had a different experience.(2015湖南) 3．I wasn't able to hide my eagerness when I ________(ask), “What do you wish me to do now？”(2015湖南) 4．He must have sensed that I ______(look) at him.He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly, “Why are you staring at me like that？”(2015湖南) 5．—Hi, let's go skating. —Sorry, I'm busy right now.I _______(fill) in an application form for a new job.(2017北京) 6．The twins, who_____________(finish) their homework, were allowed to play badminton on the playground.(2017安徽) 7. When I first met Bryan I didn't like him, but I ____________(change)my mind.(2017课标Ⅰ) 8．On Monday mornings it usually _______ (take)me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles.(2017陕西) 9．Hurry up! Mark and Carol ______ (expect) us.(2017北京) 10．—Do you think Mom and Dad _____ (be) late? (2017北京) —No.Swiss Air is usually on time. 【答案】1.has been writing 2.will find 3.asked 4.was looking 5.am filling 6.had finished 7.have changed 8．takes 9.are expecting 10.will be 二、一般过去时与现在完成时的区别 一般过去时表示动作发生在过去，不强调对现在的影响；而现在完成时表示过去的动作对现在的影响。 I have read the novel. 我已经读了这本小说。 I read the novel yesterday. 昨天我读了这本小说。
用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空 1．The real reason why prices _______(be), and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.(2015江苏) 2．During the last three decades, the number of people participating in physical fitness programs________(increase) sharply.(2017浙江) 【答案】1.were 2.has increased
三、现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别 现在完成进行时强调动作，而现在完成时强调结果。
I have finished the task. 我已完成任务了。(做完了) I have been working. 我一直在工作。(未做完) 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空 1．In the last few years, China ____ (make)great achievements in environmental protection.(2015北京) 2．Marty______(work) really hard on his book and he thinks he'll have finished it by Friday.(2015陕西) 3．—Tony, why are your eyes red? —I _________________(cut) up peppers for the last five minutes.(2017江西) 4．Since the time humankind started gardening, we _________________(try)to make our environment more beautiful.(2017湖南) 5．The reports went missing in 2017 and nobody_______(see) them since.(2017大纲卷)
【答案】1.has made 2.has been working 3.have been cutting 4.have been trying 5.has seen
四、一般过去时与过去完成时的区别 1．一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，而过去完成时则表示动作或存在的状态是在过去某一时间以前发生的，即“过去的过去”。
2．表示连续的动作常用and，but，then等连接(动作发生的先后顺序有时可由动词的词汇意义来表示)，且常用一般过去时，而不用过去完成时。过去完成时常与by the end of last week/month/year…，by last week/month…或一般过去时的before/when从句连用。
3．hope，expect, mean, intend, want, think, suppose 等动词的过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。
I had meant to see you last night, but I had an unexpected visitor. 昨晚我本打算去看你的，但我有一位不速之客。 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空 1．Just as I got to the school gate, I realized I ______(leave) my book in the cafe.(2015安徽) 2．—Haven't seen you for ages! Where have you been? —I went to Ningxia and____________ (stay) there for one year, teaching as a volunteer.(2017福建) 3．Writing out all the invitations by hand was more timeconsuming than we ___________ (expect)．(2017山东) 4. Sofia looked around at all the faces: she had the impression that she __________________ (see)most of the guests before.(2017浙江) 5．I'm calling about the apartment you ___________(advertise) the other day.Could you tell me more about it? (2017安徽)
6．I _____________(mean) to come to see you yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitor. 【答案】1.had left 2.stayed 3.had expected 4.had seen 5.advertised 6.had meant 五、几种时态的特殊用法 1．一般现在时 (1)在时间、条件、让步状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。如： If it doesn't snow this afternoon, I will go shopping. 如果今天下午不下雪，我将去购物。
(2)表示按时刻表发生的事情用一般现在时表示将来。如： The train leaves at 10：00.I'll arrive at the railway station by 9：40. 火车10点出发，我将于9：40到达火车站。