要诀一 基本句型护航 一、主谓结构 主谓结构是由“主语+不及物动词”构成,常用来表示主语的动作。此句型有一共同特点,谓语动词是不及物动词,能表达完整的意思,后面可跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。谓语的修饰语叫状语,可出现在句首或句末,有时无状语。 My brother is always studying hard. Great changes have taken place in our school in the past 3 years. 二、主系表结构 本结构由“主语+系动词+表语”构成,主要用来说明主语的特征、状态、类属或身份等。系动词主要有三类: 1.表特征和存在状态的,如:be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound。 2.表状态延续的,如:remain, stay, keep, stand, continue。
3.表状态变化的,如:become, get, go, run, turn, fall, grow。 The driver looked very anxious. All the students kept silent in the class. 三、主谓宾结构 主谓宾结构是由“主语+及物动词+宾语”构成。此句型的共同特点是:谓语动词是及物动词,都有实际意义,都是主语发出的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能表达完整的意思。 The little girl likes ice cream very much. Dad promised to buy his son a new toy. 四、主谓+双宾语结构 此句型是由“主语+及物动词+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(事物)”构成。此句型的共同特点是:谓语动词必须带有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者,另一个是动作的间接承受者。但若要先说出直接宾语(事物),后说间接宾语(人),则要借助于介词to或for。
She passed me a cup of tea.→ She passed a cup of tea to me. He bought me a nice gift.→ He bought a nice gift for me. 五、主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补结构 本结构中宾语后面需要有成分对其进行补充说明,这就是宾语补足语。可以充当宾补的有:形容词、副词、名词、介词短语、不定式、v.ing形式和v.ed形式。 The good news made all of us very happy. He asked me to help him to solve the problem. I heard him singing an English song just now.