第一部分 必修3 Unit 5
Ⅰ.完形填空
(2017全国课标Ⅱ)
Joe Simpson and Simon Yates were the first people to climb the West Face of the Siula Grande in the Andes mountains.They reached the top __1__， but on their way back conditions were very __2__.Joe fell and broke his leg.They both knew that if Simon __3__ alone, he would probably get back __4__.But Simon decided to risk his __5__ and try to lower Joe down the mountain on a rope(绳)．
As they __6__ down, the weather got worse.Then another __7__ occurred.They couldn't see or hear each other and, __8__， Simon lowered his friend over the edge of a precipice(峭壁)．It was __9__ for Joe to climb back or for Simon to pull him up.Joe's __10__ was pulling Simon slowly towards the precipice.__11__， after more than an hour in the dark and the icy cold, Simon had to __12__.In tears, he cut the rope.Joe __13__ into a huge crevasse(裂缝)in the ice below.He had no food or water and he was in terrible pain.He couldn't walk, but he __14__ to get out of the crevasse and started to __15__ towards their camp, nearly ten kilometers __16__.
Simon had __17__ the camp at the foot of the mountain.He thought that Joe must be __18__， but he didn't want to leave __19__.Three days later, in the middle of the night, he heard Joe's voice.He couldn't __20__ it.Joe was there, a few meters from their tent, still alive.
()1.A．hurriedly
B．carefully
C．successfully
D．early
()2.A．difficult
B．similar
C．special
D．normal
()3.A．climbed
B．worked
C．rested
D．continued
()4.A．unwillingly
B．safely
C．slowly
D．regretfully
()5.A．fortune
B．time
C．health
D．life
()6.A．lay
B．settled
C．went
D．looked
()7.A．damage
B．storm
C．change
D．trouble
()8.A．by mistake
B．by chance
C．by choice
D．by luck
()9.A．unnecessary
B．practical
C．important
D．impossible
()10.A．height
B．weight
C．strength
D．equipment
()11.A．Finally
B．Patiently
C．Surely
D．Quickly
()12.A．stand back
B．take a rest
C．make a decision
D．hold on
()13.A．jumped
B．fell
C．escaped
D．backed
()14.A．managed
B．planned
C．waited
D．hoped
()15.A．run
B．skate
C．move
D．march
()16.A．around
B．away
C．above
D．along
()17.A．headed for
B．traveled to
C．left for
D．returned to
()18.A．dead
B．hurt
C．weak
D．late
()19.A．secretly
B．tiredly
C．immediately
D．anxiously
()20.A．find
B．believe
C．make
D．accept
【主旨大意】乔·辛普森和西蒙·耶茨是第一批攀登Siula Grande山峰西麓的人。他们成功登顶，但返程中却遇到了危险。经历了种种磨难之后，他们终于奇迹般地在宿营地重逢。
1．【答案】C
【解析】根据“the first people to climb the West Face of Siula Grande”及空后的“but on their way back”和下文中的种种困难，可以推断此处应该是他们成功登顶。hurriedly意为“匆忙地”；carefully意为“小心地”；successfully意为“成功地”；early意为“早早地；提前”。故选C项。
2．【答案】A
【解析】根据下文的“Joe fell and broke his leg.”及第二段中的“the weather got worse”和“They couldn't see or hear each other”等可知，返程的路上困难重重，故选A项difficult，意为“困难的”。similar意为“相似的”；special意为“特殊的”；normal意为“正常的”。
3．【答案】D
【解析】根据上文可知，乔摔断了腿；由下文可知，西蒙决定冒生命危险带乔一起下山。故此处指西蒙如果自己一个人继续下山，就可能安全返回。climb意为“攀登”；work意为“工作”；rest意为“休息”；continue意为“继续”。故选D项。
4．【答案】B
【解析】由于乔摔断了腿，在路上只能是拖累，因此让西蒙独自下山可能会安全到达。unwillingly意为“不情愿地”；safely意为“安全地”；slowly意为“缓慢地”；regretfully意为“后悔地，遗憾地”。故选B项。
5．【答案】D
【解析】西蒙要用绳子系着乔一起下山一定是非常危险的。risk one's life 意为“冒生命危险”。故选D项。
6．【答案】C
【解析】根据语境，此处应该是指向下山走(went)时天气变得更差。故选C项。
7．【答案】D
【解析】因为他们彼此看不到也听不见，西蒙不小心让乔掉到了峭壁边缘。这是他们在路途中遇到的又一个麻烦。damage意为“破坏”；storm意为“暴风雨”；change意为“改变”；trouble意为“麻烦”。故选D项。
8．【答案】A
【解析】乔掉下峭壁肯定不是西蒙故意造成的，而是疏忽所致。by mistake意为“由于疏忽所致”；by chance意为“意外地，偶然地”；by choice意为“出于选择”；by luck意为“侥幸地”。故选A项。
9．【答案】D
【解析】下文中提到西蒙决定切断绳索，由此可知，乔不可能爬上去或者让西蒙把他拉上去。故选D项impossible，意为“不可能发生的”。
10．【答案】B
【解析】根据语境，乔挂在峭壁边缘无法行动，是他身体的重量把西蒙渐渐拉向峭壁。故选B项weight。
11．【答案】A
【解析】在寒冷和黑暗中过了无奈的一个多小时之后，西蒙才终于下了决心。此处应该理解为作了一番挣扎之后下定决心。finally意为“终于”；patiently意为“耐心地”；surely意为“必定”；quickly意为“迅速地”。故选A项。
12．【答案】C
【解析】一个多小时的徒劳挣扎终于让西蒙作出决定，含着眼泪，他割断了绳索。stand back意为“退后，靠后站”；take a rest意为“休息一下”；make a decision意为“作出决定”；hold on意为“坚持”。故选C项。
13．【答案】B
【解析】乔被绳索挂在峭壁边缘。切断绳索，乔自然就掉落下去了。故选B项fell。
14．【答案】A
【解析】根据下文可知，乔最终回到了宿营地附近。前句说乔无法走路，but后应该表示转折，也就是说，乔成功地从裂缝出来，向宿营地移动。故选A项，manage to do sth.意为“设法做成某事”。
15．【答案】C
【解析】乔的腿摔断了，不可能跑(run)、滑冰(skate)或行走(march)，只能慢慢移动。故选C项move。
16．【答案】B
【解析】根据上下文的意思，应该是向距离10公里远(away)的宿营地移动，故选B项。
17．【答案】D
【解析】根据语境可知，西蒙一直在往宿营地走，而此刻应该是回到了宿营地，故后文才说他不愿意马上离开。head for意为“朝着……前进”；travel to意为“去……旅行”；leave for意为“出发去……”；return to意为“回到……”。故选D项。
18．【答案】A
【解析】根据上文切断绳索时的语境，西蒙认为乔一定已经死了(dead)。故选A项。
19．【答案】C
【解析】根据下文中的Three days later可以推断出，西蒙没有立刻(immediately)离开。故选C项。
20．【答案】B
【解析】西蒙认为乔已经死了。听到乔的声音，看到乔的出现，让他难以相信(believe)。故选B项。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
(2017全国课标Ⅱ，B)
Since the first Earth Day in 1970, Americans have gotten a lot “greener” toward the environment.“We didn't know at that time that there even was an environment, let alone that there was a problem with it，” says Bruce Anderson, president of Earth Day USA．
But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement.Business people, political leaders, university professors, and especially millions of grassroots Americans are taking part in the movement.“The understanding has increased many, many times，” says Gaylord Nelson, the former governor from Wisconsin, who thought up the first Earth Day.
According to US government reports, emissions (排放) from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3 million tons a year to 5.5 million tons.The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9.Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with, the world is a safer and healthier place.A kind of “green thinking” has become part of practices.
Great improvement has been achieved.In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programs; today in 1995 there are about 6,600.Advanced lights, motors, and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution.
Twentyfive years ago, there were hardly any education programs for environment.Today, it's hard to find a public school, university, or law school that does not have such a kind of program.“Until we do that, nothing else will change！” says Bruce Anderson.
()1.According to Anderson, before 1970, Americans had little idea about ____.
A．the social movement
B．recycling techniques
C．environmental problemsD．the importance of Earth Day
()2.Where does the support for environmental
protection mainly come from?
A．The grassroots level.B．The business circle.
C．Government officials.D．University professors.
()3.What have Americans achieved in environmental protection?
A．They have cut car emissions to the lowest.
B．They have settled their environmental problems.
C．They have lowered their CO levels in forty cities.
D．They have reduced pollution through effective measures.
()4.What is especially important for environmental protection according to the last paragraph?
A．Education.
B．Planning.
C．Green living.
D．CO reduction.
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。在第一个“地球日”之前，人们根本不知道何为环境，更无从谈起环境保护这个问题。但是现在人们变得越来越环保了，这完全得益于有关环境的教育课程。
1．【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句“We didn't know at that time that there even was an environment, let alone that there was a problem with it… ”可知，安德森认为，1970年以前，美国人不知道有关环境的问题。故选C项。
2．【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，许多商人、政治家、大学教授，特别是数百万的基层群众参与了这项活动。关键词especially以及millions of表明这类人是环境保护的主要支持者。故选A项。
3．【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段首句“Great improvement has been achieved.”及下文的描述可知，再循环工程的数量大幅增加；电灯、引擎技术等的进步有助于节省能源从而阻止污染。由此可以推断，美国人通过采取一系列的有效措施减少了污染。故选D项。
4．【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，25年前几乎没有关于环境的教育课程，而现在几乎每一所学校都有这样的课程，结合最后一句中的“Until we do that, nothing else will change！”可知，在环保问题上，教育尤其重要。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2016安徽合肥168中学高三第二次段考)
A British teenager, Danny Bowman aged 19 years old, once1.__________ (spend) 10 hours a day taking selfies (自拍)．Now, he is receiving regular treatment to help him deal with his addiction.
His addiction started at age 15 and quickly out of control, leading him to attempt to kill himself due to 2.__________ (anxious) that he couldn't take the perfect selfie.3.__________ his worst, he would cut a class three times an hour to take a selfie, eventually 4.__________ (drop) out of school at age 16, at 5.__________point his health started to fall apart, because he would limit 6.__________to an apple and a bowl of rice a day in a bid to be thinner and improve his skin.He also didn't leave his houses for six months due to being unsatisfied with how he looked.7.__________ (worry), his mother had to seek help, which eventually led to him being treated.He is believed 8.__________ (be) Britain's first case.
Selfie addiction is a phenomenon that increasing numbers of mental health experts are recognizing, 9.__________ Danny's case is particularly extreme.A doctor said it was a mental health problem, 10.__________which can lead to a serious consequence.
1．【答案】spent
【解析】考查动词的时态。在此处，spent是该句的谓语动词，根据once(曾经)，用一般过去时。
2．【答案】anxiety
【解析】考查名词。句意：由于担心自己拍不出完美的自拍，他试图自杀。
3．【答案】At
【解析】考查短语。at one's worst 意为“在某人最糟糕的时候”。句意：在他最糟糕的时候，他一小时三次逃课，去自拍。最终，在16岁时辍学。
4．【答案】dropping
【解析】考查非谓语动词。dropping作结果状语。
5．【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句的引导词。句意：在那时，他的身体也垮了。
6．【答案】himself
【解析】考查词组。limit oneself to 对……作出限制。句意：为了变得更瘦、为了改善皮肤，他限制自己一天只吃一个苹果和一碗米饭。
7．【答案】Worried
【解析】考查形容词作状语。句意：他的母亲很担心他，不得不寻求帮助。
8．【答案】to be
【解析】考查词组。sb.be believed to be…意为“某人被认为是……”。
9．【答案】but
【解析】考查连词。句意：自拍上瘾这种现象正得到越来越多的心理专家的认可，不过丹尼是一个极其严重的病例。
10．【答案】one
【解析】考查代词作同位语。句意：这是一种心理健康问题，一种会引起严重后果的问题。