第一部分 选修6 Unit 3
Ⅰ.完形填空
(2016沈阳东北育才学校高三上学期二模)
There are no ocean waves in St.Louis.We have to drive a long way to get to the ocean.Every summer we put our stuff and ourselves into the car and drive 1,000 miles to reach Vero Beach, Florida.
Once we get there, it's all about __1__at the beach.I've wanted to be a __2__for a long time.My mom used to surf when she lived in Florida during college.I __3__ my mom to let me surf, and she promised to find a surfing __4__ for me.He found me instead.
One day when my mom was taking an old surfboard to a surf shop for __5__， a surfer __6__ the door open for her and helped her carry the board inside.They started __7__ and she learned he's a surfing __8__.My mom asked him if he had any __9__ working with people with disabilities.He did and told her he would love to work with me.That's how I __10__ my friend, Coach Bill Bolton, in 2017.
First Coach Bill taught me the popup.I had so much fun surfing with Coach Bill in 2017, __11__ I didn't make it to __12__ on the board.
When we went to Florida this summer, I had more surfing __13__with Coach Bill.We worked hard on the sand and in the water.On our third day together we __14__ our surfboards out past a sand bar where small waves were __15__.I came close to standing each time, and on the last __16__ of the day I got up on my feet and stayed up! I was so __17__！ So was Coach Bill.
We went to the same surfing spot the next day.Guess what! I __18__ so many times and rode wave after wave.Coach Bill called me a “surf goddess”．It was one of the __19__ days ever! I hope my story __20__ you to go surfing or to try something new.I know you can do it.
()1.A.fun B．failure
C．trial
D．sunlight
()2.A.swimmerB．rider
C．surfer D．player
()3.A.reminded
B．encouraged
C．told
D．begged
()4.A.fellow
B．coach
C．adviserD．driver
()5.A.exhibition
B．money
C．repair
D．advice
()6.A.held B．kept
C．let D．made
()7.A.greeting
B．laughing
C．walking
D．talking
()8.A.student B．lover
C．instructor
D．guard
()9.A.trouble
B．interest
C．record
D．experience
()10.A.met
B．hired
C．thankedD．rewarded
()11.A.howeverB．so
C．andD．but
()12.A.lying
B．floating
C．standing
D．moving
()13.A.lessons
B．pleasure
C．skills D．tasks
()14.A.picked B．took
C．removed
D．threw
()15.A.falling
B．breaking
C．rising
D．floating
()16.A.minute B．wave
C．try D．part
()17.A.happyB．shocked
C．joy
D．frightened
()18.A.fell down
B．failed
C．actedD．got up
()19.A.longest
B．greatest
C．hardest
D．fastest
()20.A.inspires
B．pushes
C．leadsD．influences
【主旨大意】作者一家每年都去佛罗里达的维罗海滩去度假。她一直想学冲浪。一天，妈妈去修冲浪板，偶然遇到了一位冲浪教练Bill Bolton。在他的指导下，他不断进步，在第二个夏天终于学会了冲浪。作者无比快乐，并用自己的故事来激励别人。
1．【答案】A
【解析】句意： 一旦到达那儿，我们在海滩玩得特别高兴。fun意为“高兴，乐趣”；failure“失败”；tria“l试验，审讯”；sunlight“阳光”。
2．【答案】C
【解析】句意：很久以来，我一直想成为一名冲浪者。swimmer“游泳者”；rider“骑手”；surfer“冲浪者”；player“运动员”。
3．【答案】D
【解析】句意：我央求妈妈允许我学习冲浪。remind意为“提醒”；encourage“鼓励”；beg“央求”。
4．【答案】B
【解析】句意：妈妈答应给找一位冲浪教练。fellow意为“伙伴；同事”；coach“教练”；adviser“顾问”。
5．【答案】C
【解析】句意：妈妈带着冲浪板去修理。exhibition意为“展览”；repair“修理”；advice“建议”。
6．【答案】A
【解析】句意：一位冲浪者扶住门(hold the door)，帮妈妈把冲浪板搬进来。
7．【答案】D
【解析】句意：他们攀谈起来。
8．【答案】C
【解析】句意：(妈妈)得知他是一位冲浪教练。lover意为“爱好者”；instructor“指导者”；guard“守卫；警卫”。
9．【答案】D
【解析】句意：妈妈问他是否有跟残疾人打交道的经验。trouble意为“麻烦”；interest“兴趣”；record“记录”；experience“经验”。
10．【答案】A
【解析】句意：这就是我认识我的朋友Bill Bolton的经过。meet意为“遇到”； hire“雇佣”；thank“感谢” ；reward“回报；报答”。
11．【答案】D
【解析】句意：2017年我和Bill Bolton一起冲浪玩得很高兴，可是我没有成功地站到冲浪板上。however意为“可是(后面常用逗号)”；but“可是(后面一般不用逗号)”。
12．【答案】C
【解析】句意：同上句。lie意为“躺；位于”；float“漂浮”；stand“站立”；move“移动”。
13．【答案】A
【解析】句意：今年夏天去佛罗里达的时候，我跟随Bill Bolton上了更多的冲浪课。lesson意为“课，教训”；pleasure“快乐”；skill“技巧”；task“任务”。
14．【答案】B
【解析】句意：一天，我们带着冲浪板经过一个小沙洲，那里浪花四溅。pick out意为“挑出，选出”；take out“拿出”；remove out“移出，搬走”；throw out“扔出”。
15．【答案】B
【解析】句意：同上句。falling意为“下落的”；breaking“溅散的”；rising“上升的，上涨的”；floating“漂浮的”。
16．【答案】C
【解析】句意：最后一次尝试的时候，我站上了冲浪板。minute意为“分钟，片刻”；wave“波浪”；try“尝试，努力”；part“部分；角色”。
17．【答案】A
【解析】句意：我是多么高兴。happy意为“高兴的”；shocked“震惊的”；joy“(名词)高兴”； frightened“害怕的”。
18．【答案】D
【解析】句意：我站起来好多次，一个波浪一个波浪地冲过去。fall down意为“跌倒”；fail“失败”； act“行动”；get up“起来”。
19．【答案】B
【解析】句意：那是我最棒的一天。longest意为“最长的”；greatest“最伟大的”；hardest“最困难的”；fastest“最快的”。
20．【答案】A
【解析】句意：我希望我的故事也能激励你去冲浪或尝试新的东西。inspire意为“激发；鼓舞”； push“推”；lead“带领”；influence“影响”。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
(2015福建，E)
Group exercise is one of the most effective ways to improve physical fitness and sustain (保持) a healthy lifestyle.Group exercise is challenging, yet fun and empowering! Of course everyone knows that exercise is good for the body.However, studies have shown that when exercise is performed in groups, it's not only great for improving physical health but for psychological health.It's an opportunity to be social, release endorphins (内啡肽), and improve your strength.Additionally, group exercise creates a community feel and the shared common goal motivates participants to work hard.The instrumental support of taking on a fitness journey with others proves more effective than going to the gym alone.
Another beneficial aspect of group exercise is the informational support participants receive from the instructor.Many people fear the gym because they feel lost and don't want to embarrass themselves.If you feel you can relate, then group training is an even better option for you.It's a great opportunity to learn more about fitness through the clear instruction and supervision (监管) of a fitness instructor.If you're tired of wandering around the gym wasting time and becoming bored, you can attend an upbeat group fitness class that'll keep your workout on track.Don't let fitness frighten you!
If you're serious about wanting to live a healthy lifestyle, it's extremely important to surround yourself with people who'll provide you with the proper emotional support.I wouldn't scold anyone for deciding to party on weekends and in turn I wouldn't expect anyone to give offense to me for focusing on my health.Surround yourself with people who uplift, encourage and understand you! Make fitness even more fun by trying something new or any group fitness class, with a friend.Plan to go for a jog together.Then try a fun healthy restaurant or fresh juice bar! Fitness can be both fun and social!
Surrounding yourself with people who'll provide you with respect and support can be very beneficial while working towards reaching health and fitness goals.First, decide to do it for yourself and work towards staying positive.Then make sure the people you surround yourself with are supportive.Don't let negativity ruin your motivation.
()1.The underlined word “upbeat” in the second paragraph probably means “________”．
A．cheerful B．average
C．seriousD．temporary
()2.When it comes to emotional support, the author thinks it necessary ________.
A．to sustain a colorful lifestyle
B．to party on weekends with positive people
C．to try a fun healthy restaurant regularly
D．to surround yourself with supportive people
()3.What would be the best title for the passage?
A．Seeking Support
B．Supporting Health
C．Improving Your Strength
D．Building Up Fitness
【主旨大意】本文介绍团队锻炼在健身和保持健康生活方式方面的益处。
1．【答案】A
【解析】词义猜测题。根据本句中的“bored”与“keep your workout on track”可知，upbeat意思与cheerful相近，意为“快乐的；积极向上的”。故选A项。
2．【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段首句中的“…it's extremely important to surround yourself with people who'll provide you with the proper emotional support”可知，让能为你提供合适的情感支持的人在你周围非常重要，故选D项。
3．【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。综合全文可知，文章介绍“团队锻炼在健身中的积极作用”，因此B项“辅助性的健康(运动)”概括得最全面。
B
(2016湖南师大附中高三上学期第三次月考，D)
One in five people carry a ‘smart gene’ variant(变体)linked to long lifespan, bigger forebrain and enhanced mental ability, researchers have found.
“We've known for a long time that people lose cognitive(认知) abilities as they age, but now we're beginning to understand that factors like KLOTHO can give people a boost in aging.Genetic variation in KLOTHO could help us predict brain health and find ways to protect people from the diseases that happen to us as we grow old, like Alzheimer's disease(老年痴呆症)，” said senior author, Dena Dubal of University of California.
The KLOTHO gene affects a protein found in the kidneys and the brain that regulates many different body processes.About one in five people carry a single copy of the varian, known as KLVS，which boosts levels of the protein and is associated with a longer lifespan and improved heart and kidney function.A small minority, 3% of the population, has two copies, which is linked to a shorter lifespan.
In the new study scientists scanned the brains of 422 men and women aged 53 and over who were also tested for the KLOTHO gene.They found that participants with a single copy of the gene variant also had a larger brain region known as RDLPFC, which is especially likely to shrink with age.Loss of neurons in this area may be one reason why older people are sometimes easily distracted and find it difficult to do more than one task at the same time.
Researcher Dr Jennifer Yokoyama said, “The brain region enhanced by genetic variation in KLOTHO is vulnerable(脆弱的)in aging and some mental disease.In this case, bigger size means better function.It will be important to determine whether the structure increase associated with carrying one copy of KLVS can offset the cognitive shortage caused by disease.”
People who have one copy of a variant KLVS tend to live longer and have lower chances of suffering a stroke (中风)，whereas people who have two copies may live shorter lives and have a higher risk of stroke.
()4.What can we learn from the second paragraph?
A．People's cognitive abilities do not decline if people have KLOTHO.
B．With the clear understanding of KLOTHO, Alzheimer's disease can be cured now.
C．Genetic variation in KLOTHO could be helpful in treating mental disease in elderly people.
D．Genetic variation in KLOTHO could lead people to suffer from Alzheimer's disease.
()5.If a person carries two copies of the gene variant, he/she may ________.
A．have better kidney function
B．have a shorter lifespan
C．have a higher level of the protein in his/her body
D．suffer from some cognitive disease
()6.The reason why older people's attention is easily distracted may be that ________.
A．they have fewer neurons in the RDLPEC
B．their brain region is too large
C．they have two copies of the gene variant
D．they have more neurons in the RDLPEC
()7.What does the underlined word “offset” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?
A．Prevent. B．Balance.
C．Keep. D．Promote.
【主旨大意】研究发现有五分之一的人携带有与长寿、较大前脑和更强的心智能力的“聪明基因”的变体。本文研究了KLOTHO中变体与人衰老和精神疾病的关系：大脑区域越大，功能越强。
4．【答案】C
【解析】事实细节题。根据第二段“Genetic variation in KLOTHO could help us predict brain health and find ways to protect people from the diseases that happen to us as we grow old, like Alzheimer's disease(老年痴呆症)”可以推知KLOTHO中的基因变体对于预防和治疗老年人疾病的意义。可以得知选项C符合题意。
5．【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“A small minority, 3% of the population, has two copies, which is linked to a shorter lifespan”可以得知选项B符合题意。
6．【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段“Loss of neurons in this area may be one reason why older people are sometimes easily distracted and find it difficult to do more than one task at the same time”可以推知RDLPEC中神经元的损失会导致人注意力分散和很难在同一时间做多个任务，可以得知选项A符合题意。
7．【答案】B
【解析】词义猜测题。 根据倒数第二段上下文可以得知在KLOTHO中由于基因变体增大的大脑区域很容易衰退或产生精神疾病，所以较大的大脑区域功能更强。携带KLVS一副与大脑结构是否增加对于平衡由疾病导致的认知确实很重要。可以得知选项B符合题意。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2016陕西西安第七十中学11月检测)
Until about 150 years ago, the most important, expensive and renowned kind of painting was largescale pictures that told a story, regarded as the 1.__________(hard) challenge for an artist.2.__________(choose) suitable subjects, artists had to be wellread.Then they had to know 3.__________ stories could be told without words, using only gestures and expressions.To create lifelike scenes, they had to understand perspective, lighting and anatomy.So history painting needed a lot of thought and_4.________.(imagine)．Largescale pictures used to be reserved for grand religious or patriotic subjects, but that changed in the 19th century, as artists began creating history paintings based5.__________contemporary news stories.One of the first of these was The Raft of the Medusa, inspired by the wreck of6.__________French ship in 1816, which showed how art could have a powerful political impact.It presents a scene_7.__________ the survivors of the wreck on a raft littered with bodies try to signal to a distant ship.When they 8.__________(rescue), they told how they had been abandoned by their captain, while he sailed to safety in a lifeboat.Starving, they had to eat each other to survive—though this picture makes9.__________ look heroic rather than violent.The picture caused a huge outcry.Some people thought the artist meant to criticize the French king, 10.__________ had been involved in appointing the ship's captain.
1．【答案】hardest
【解析】考查形容词。根据下文对这幅绘画的讲述可知这幅作品的取材、创作都是非常耗费精力的，再根据前面的定冠词the可以判断此处用形容词最高级，答案填hardest。
2．【答案】To choose
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据下文内容可知画家们必须要博学多才，还得了解如何不用文字来讲述这个故事，再通过“To create lifelike scenes, they had to understand…”可以判断此处是强调目的，应该用不定式，填To choose。意思是：为了选择合适的主题……。
3．【答案】how
【解析】考查连接词。由结构可知此处是宾语从句，从句中是“主谓宾”结构，缺少状语，再根据从句的内容“stories could be told without words, using only gestures and expressions.”可以判断此处强调方式，指如何去做到这一点，填how。
4．【答案】imagination
【解析】考查名词。and连接并列成分，根据所给提示单词以及空前“a lot of thought and…”可以判断此处填名词imagination。
5．【答案】on
【解析】固定搭配：be based on “以……为根据”，答案填on。
6．【答案】a
【解析】考查冠词。ship是可数名词，单数可数名词前需有限定词，根据语境可知此处指“一艘法国船”，是泛指概念，答案填a。
7．【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。分析结构可知名词后面“the survivors of the wreck on a raft littered with bodies try to signal to a distant ship.”是定语从句，从句缺少状语，而先行词scene是抽象名词，表地点，故答案填where。
8．【答案】were rescued
【解析】考查动词。根据句意可知状语从句的主语they和rescue是被动关系，再根据主句时态判断此处用一般过去时的被动形式，答案填were rescued。
9．【答案】them
【解析】考查代词。根据上文内容可知此处指代“the survivors of the wreck on a raft，”作make的宾语，用宾格形式。答案填them。
10．【答案】who
【解析】考查定语从句。从结构可知此处是非限制性定语从句，从句缺少主语，而先行词是the French king，所以填who。