课时规范训练(单独成册)
训练(五)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共两节)
第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项。
The extraordinary Eastgate Building in Harare，Zimbabwe’s capital city，is said to be the only one in the world to use the same cooling and heating principles as the termite mound (白蚁堆)．
Architect Mick Pearce used precisely the same strategy when designing the Eastgate Building，which has no airconditioning and almost no heating. The building—the country’s largest commercial and shopping complex—uses less than 10% of the energy of a conventional building of its size.The Eastgate’s owners saved $3.5 million on a $36 million building because an airconditioning equipment didn’t have to be imported.
The complex is actually two buildings linked by bridges across a shady，glassroofed atrium (天井) open to the air.Fans suck fresh air in from the atrium，blow it upstairs through hollow spaces under the floors and from there into each office through baseboard vents (通风口)．As it rises and warms，it is drawn out via ceiling vents and finally exists through fortyeight brick chimneys.
During summer’s cool nights，big fans blow air through the building seven times an hour to cool the empty floors.By day，smaller fans blow two changes of air an hour through the building，to circulate the air which has been in contact with the cool floors.For winter days，there are small heaters in the vents.
This is all possible only because Harare is 1,600 feet above sea level，has cloudless skies，little dampness and rapid temperature changes—days as warm as 31℃ commonly drop to 14℃ at night.“You couldn’t do this in New York，with its hot summers and fantastically cold winters，” Pearce said.
The engineering firm of Ove Arup & Partners monitors daily temperatures.It is found that the temperature of the building has generally stayed between 23℃ and 25℃，with the exception of the annual hot period just before the summer rains in October and three days in November，when a doorkeeper accidentally switched off the fans at night.And the air is fresh—far more so than in airconditioned buildings，where up to 30% of the air is recycled.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，属于科普类短文阅读。文章讲的是新型的建筑Eastgate，它比传统的建筑省钱，因为不需要装空调，它是利用天井和风扇把外面新鲜空气吸到办公室里面，这样空气即新鲜又经济。
1．Why was Eastgate cheaper to be built than a conventional building?
A．It was designed in a smaller size.
B．No air conditioners were fixed in.
C．Its heating system was less advanced.
D．It used rather different building materials.
解析：选B。细节理解题。从第二段中的“The Eastgate’s owners saved $3.5 million on a $36 million building because an airconditioning equipment didn’t have to be imported.”可知，Eastgate比传统的建筑便宜，因为它不需要装空调。故选B。
2．What does “it” refer to in Paragraph 3?
A．Hollow space. B．Baseboard vent.
C．Fresh air from outside. D．Heat in the building.
解析：选C。细节理解题。从第三段中的“Fans suck fresh air in from the atrium，blow it upstairs through hollow spaces under the floors and from there into each office through baseboard vents (通风口)．”可知，新鲜空气通过通风口，另外让它上升变暖，最后被烟囱从天花板吸走，可知这里的it指“新鲜空气”。故选C。
3．Why would a building like Eastgate Not work efficiently in New York?
gkxx.comA．New York has less clear skies as Harare.
B．Its dampness affects the circulation of air.
高中学习网 www.gkxx.comC．New York covers a larger area than Harare.
D．Its temperature changes seasonally rather than daily.
解析：选D。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“This is all possible only because Harare is 1,600 feet above sea level，has cloudless skies，little dampness and rapid temperature changes—days as warm as 31℃ commonly drop to 14℃ at night.‘You couldn’t do this in New York，with its hot summers and fantastically cold winters，’”得知，只有一定海拔高度，并且白天气温30度而夜晚气温14度的条件才能实现，而纽约的天气是季节变化而不是需要的那种特殊天气。故选D。
4．The data in the last paragraph suggests Eastgate’s temperature control system
.
A．works better in hot seasons
B．can recycle up to 30% of the air
C．functions well for most of the year
D．allows a wide range of temperatures
解析：选C。细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“It is found that the temperature of the building has generally stayed between 23℃ and 25℃，with the exception of the annual hot period just before the summer rains in October and three days in November，when a doorkeeper accidentally switched off the fans at night.”得知，建筑物内的温度保持在23到25度，除10月与11月的雨季之外。所以这个系统一年的大部分时间都能用。故选C。
第二节 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Coconut oil has become popular as healthier oil in cooking，cleaning and even as part of a natural beauty product.At room temperature except in warmer climates，it hardens，but naturally becomes liquid as the temperature rises.1.
学习网Healthy fat is an important part of the diet，and coconut oil is one source of the healthy fat.Coconut oil is also nature’s richest source of mediumchain fatty acids (脂肪酸)．This oil’s health benefits include，but are not limited to，improving heart health，helping chemical reactions on our body，keeping a healthy weight，helping weight loss and supporting the immune system.2.
Coconut oil is allnatural and does not contain the chemicals you will find in most shampoos and body washes.It is a wonderful body wash that can be applied directly to your skin to keep your skin wet.3.
Using it in your mouth for twenty minutes is a much better method of cleaning
the entire mouth and removing bacteria.
Strong chemical cleaners are not safe or healthy for you，your family or the environment.4.
It can be used to clean and shine furniture or leather.You can even use coconut oil as a spot remover.
5．
Do you use it for cooking，cleaning or as a natural beauty product?
A．It can also take the place of mouthwash.
B．Instead，clean with greener methods，like coconut oil.
C．There are a number of health benefits of using this oil in your daily life.
D．How do you use coconut oil in everyday life?
E．Coconut oil removes more bacteria.
F．So you can replace most of your cooking oils with coconut oil for better health.
G．It can change our immune system.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。椰子油在近些年逐渐进入大众视野，其无论是在烹饪、清洁，甚至美容等方面都具有巨大作用。本文就这一话题做了相应介绍。
1．解析：选C。该空位于首段断尾，首段往往起到对正文主旨的一个概况作用，再根据下文是在解释其有利作用可以看出，所以该空要起到承上启下的作用。故选C项。
2．解析：选F。本段介绍了椰子油在食用上具有健康功效的作用。故选F。
3．解析：选A。本段后文写的“Using it in your mouth for twenty minutes is a much better method of cleaning the entire mouth and removing bacteria.”具有美肤功效的作用。故选A项。
4．解析：选B。本段介绍了椰子油的清洁功能，所以在备选项当中只有B项符合题意。
5．解析：选D。该空所在段的断尾是一个问句，只有D项也是问句，保持了句式的一致性。
Ⅱ.完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。
(2016·山东文登市高三模拟)At the edge of a forest，stood a big tree.Its branches spread out majestically (庄严地) and so did its roots.It
1
people from the sun under its shady leaves，and provided
2
to countless birds and other small creatures in its branches.It was very excited with activity all the time.
At the foot of the tree grew a little plant.The plant was tall，thin，graceful and easily
3
，and tended to fall over at the
4
of the slightest wind.
One day，the two neighbours were having a little chat.
“Well，little one，” said the tree to the plant，“Why do you not plant your feet deeply in the ground，and raise your head
5
in the air as I do？”
“I see no need to do so，”
6
the plant with a smile.“
7
，I think I may be safer this way.”
“Safer！” Sneered (讥讽) the tree.“ Are you
8
that you’re safer than I am？Do you know how deep my roots are
9
，how thick and strong my trunk is?
10
two men hold hands they would not be able to surround my trunk.Who could possibly pull me out by the roots or
11
my head to the ground？”
And the tree turned away from the plant in
12
.
But the tree was to
13
its words very soon.One evening a great hurricane
14
in the region.It threw the trees off their roots and almost completely destroyed the forest.It uprooted the tree and
15
it away with great force.
When the storm had passed，the villagers living nearby
16
the damage.Strong trees that had once almost touched the sky，were now reduced to stumps (残根)or
17
.The dead animals were found everywhere in the
18
.
But there was one
19
.The little plant.The plant had been moved from side to side under the hurricane，and bent completely.But when the hurricane ended，it sighed and stood upright again.
No trace remained of its powerful neighbour
20
.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章阐述了一颗粗壮高大的大树和瘦小低矮的小植物之间的故事。大树向小植物炫耀它粗壮的枝干和深固的树根，大树认为自己比小植物强壮安全。但是小植物却不以为然。果然，当飓风来临，大树被连根拔起，小植物却安然无恙。
1．A.hide
B．protect
C．prevent
D．defend
gkxx.com解析：选B。考查动词辨析。hide“隐藏”；protect“保护”；prevent“预防”；defend“保卫”。protect...from“保护……免受伤害”。故选B。
2．A.shade B．food
C．shelter D．space
解析：选C。考查名词辨析。shade“树荫”；food“食物”；shelter“庇护所”；space“空间”。大树用它的枝干为鸟儿们提供了一个庇护所。故选C。
3．A.broken B．destroyed
C．grown D．planted
解析：选A。考查动词辨析。break“折断；打碎”；destroy“破坏”；grow“生长”；plant“种植”。小植物是很容易被折断的。故选A。
4．A.reach B．blow
C．touch D．knock
解析：选B。考查动词辨析。reach“够……”；blow“风吹”；touch“触动”；knock“敲”。后文说slightest wind，所以这里是指风吹。故选B。
5．A.bravely B．straightly
C．gratefully D．delightedly
解析：选A。考查副词辨析。bravely“勇敢地”；straightly“笔直地”；gratefully“感激地”；delightedly“高兴地”。大树对小植物说要像它一样将头勇敢地伸到空中。故选A。
6．A.explained B．shouted
C．said D．whispered
解析：选D。考查动词辨析。explain“解释”；shout“喊叫”；say“说”；whisper“低声地说”。根据句意这里表达的是小植物很谦卑，所以是带着微笑低声地说。故选D。
7．A.Gradually B．Actually
C．Generally D．Finally
解析：选B。考查副词辨析。gradually“逐渐地”；actually“实际上”；generally“通常”；finally“最终”。小植物觉得自己很安全，所以此处意为“实际上”。故选B。
8．A.concluding B．finding
C．guessing D．suggesting
解析：选D。考查动词辨析。conclude“得出结论”；find“发现”；guess“猜测”；suggest“暗示；提议”。大树说“你是在暗示你比我安全吗？”。故选D。
9．A.placed B．hidden
C．buried D．planted
解析：选C。考查动词辨析。place“放置”；hide“隐藏”；bury“埋葬；埋”；plant“种植”。植物的根是埋在地下的。故选C。
10．A.Even if B．Although
C．Because D．When
解析：选A。考查连词辨析。even if“即使；虽然”；although“虽然；尽管”；because“因为”；when“当……时”。文中的意思是“即使两个人拉着手也抱不住我的树干”。故选A。
11．A.put B．bow
C．lead D．get
解析：选B。考查动词辨析。put“放”；bow“鞠躬，弯曲”；lead“导致”；get“成为”。把我的头弯到地上。故选B。
12．A.anger B．surprise
C．belief D．relief
解析：选A。考查名词辨析。anger“愤怒”；surprise“惊奇”；belief“信赖；相信”；relief“安慰；解除；减轻；救济”。大树生气地转过头。故选A。
13．A.keep B．regret
C．break D．follow
解析：选B。考查动词辨析。keep“保持”；regret“后悔”；break“打破”；follow“跟随”。文中出现了转折，大树为自己说的话感到后悔，因为随后的飓风摧毁了大树。故选B。
14．A.blew B．reached
C．arose D．appeared
解析：选C。考查动词辨析。blow“吹”；reach“到达”；arise“出现；上升”；appear“出现，显现”。hurricane
14
in the region飓风出现在这个地区。故选C。
15．A.turned
B．pushed
C．threw D．blew
$来&源：gkxx.com解析：选C。考查动词辨析。turn“转动”；push“推”；throw“丢弃”；blow“吹”。threw away“扔掉；丢弃”。飓风将大树连根拔起并丢弃在一旁。故选C。
16．A.counted B．saw
C．observed D．surveyed
高中学习网 www.gkxx.com解析：选D。考查动词辨析。count“认为”；see“看见”；observe“观察”；survey“调查”。飓风过后，村民们调查了村里的情况。故选D。
17．A.worse B．more
C．less D．better
解析：选A。考查形容词辨析。worse“更坏”；more“更多”；less“更少”；better“更好”。或者情况更糟糕。故选A。
18．A.tree B．forest
C．plant D．plain
解析：选B。考查名词辨析。tree“树”；forest“森林”；plant“植物”；plain“平原”。动物的尸体在森林里到处都是。故选B。
19．A.plant B．example
C．exception D．tree
解析：选C。考查名词辨析。plant“植物”；example“例子”；exception“例外”；tree“树”。But表示转折，“但是这里有一个例外”。故选C。
20．A.then B．finally
C．gradually D．though
解析：选D。考查副词辨析。then“然后”；finally“最后；终于”；gradually“逐渐地”；though“虽然”。虽然它强大的邻居已经悄无声息。故选D。
Ⅲ.语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Mum：(Putting on her coat)I'm going to have to go down to the shop for more bread.
Alan：Why?
Mum：I'm not sure what 1.
(happen)．I made some sandwiches earlier and left them on the table 2.
I went to answer the phone.But someone must have taken them because they're 3. (go)．
Alan：Oh，it must have been Dad.I'm sure he was in the kitchen 4.
(early)．
Mum：No，he went off to his tennis match before I finished 5.
(make) them，so he couldn't have done it.6.
he couldn't carry a plate of sandwiches as well as all his tennis stuff，so I'm sure 7.
wasn't him.
Alan：(Opening fridge door)Well，it wasn't me.But Mum，look！Are these your sandwiches here on the bottom shelf of 8.
fridge?
Mum：Are they there？Oh，my goodness.I 9.
have put them in there when the phone rang.Oh dear.I really must be losing my 10.
.Now，why did I put on my coat?
答案：1.happened 2.when 3.gone 4.earlier 5.making 6.Anyway/Besides 7.it 8.the 9.must 10.mind/memory
Ⅳ.小写作
【写作素材】
过去：
1．杰克过去经常玩计算机游戏。(used to)
2．他的成绩变得越来越糟糕。(比较级＋and＋比较级)
3．对他来说要停止玩游戏非常困难。(It’s＋adj.＋for sb.＋to do sth.)