课时规范训练(单独成册)
训练(十九)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共两节)
第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项。
For centuries，medical pioneers have refined a variety of methods and medicines to treat sickness，injury，and disability，enabling people to live longer and healthier lives.
“A salamander (a small lizardlike animal) can grow back its leg.Why can’t a human do the same？” asked Peruvianborn surgeon Dr.Anthony Atala in a recent interview.The question，a reference to work aiming to grow new limbs for wounded soldiers，captures the inventive spirit of regenerative medicine.This innovative field seeks to provide patients with replacement body parts.
These parts are not made of steel；they are the real things—living cells，tissue，and even organs.
Regenerative medicine is still mostly experimental，with clinical applications limited to procedures such as growing sheets of skin on burns and wounds.One of its most significant advances took place in 1999，when a research group at North Carolina’s Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine conducted a successful organ replacement with a laboratorygrown bladder.Since then，the team，led by Dr.Atala，has continued to generate a variety of other tissues and organs—from kidneys to ears.
The field of regenerative medicine builds on work conducted in the early twentieth century with the first successful transplants of donated human soft tissue and bone.However，donor organs are not always the best option.First of all，they are in short supply，and many people die while waiting for an available organ；in the United States alone，more than 100,000 people are waiting for organ transplants.Secondly，a patient’s body may ultimately reject the transplanted donor organ.An advantage of regenerative medicine is that the tissues are grown from a patient’s own cells and will not be rejected by the body’s immune system.
Today，several labs are working to create bioartificial body parts.Scientists at Columbia and Yale Universities have grown a jawbone and a lung.At the University of Minnesota，Doris Taylor has created a beating bioartificial rat heart.Dr.Atala’s medical team has reported longterm success with bioengineered bladders implanted into young patients with spina bifida (a birth defect that involves the incomplete development of the spinal cord)．And at the University of Michigan，H.David Humes has created an artificial kidney.
So far，the kidney procedure has only been used successfully with sheep，but there is hope that one day similar kidney will be implantable in a human patient.The continuing research of scientists such as these may eventually make donor organs unnecessary and，as a result，significantly increase individuals’ chances of survival.
【解题导语】 本文属于医学类短文阅读。医学界正在致力于再生医学的研究，造出再生的器官，造福人类。
1．In the latest field of regenerative medicine，what are replacement parts made of?
A．Donated cells，tissues and organs.
B．Rejected cells，tissues and organs.
C．Cells，tissues and organs of one’s own.
D．Cells，tissues and organs made of steel.
解析：选C。细节信息题。根据第二段中的“This innovative field seeks to provide patients with replacement body parts.”，第三段“These parts are not made of steel；they are the real things—living cells，tissue，and even organs.”以及第五段中的“An advantage of regenerative medicine is that the tissues are grown from a patient’s own cells and will not be rejected by the body’s immune system.”可知，该题正确答案为C。
2．What have scientists experimented successfully on for a bioartificial kidney?
A．Patients. B．Rats.
C．smart
D．mature