①In our school the number of students who are addicted to computer games is ________ the decrease.
在我们学校迷恋网络游戏的学生数目正在下降。 ②The number of teaching staff members in this school has decreased ________ 700 persons.
这个学校的教职工人数已减少到700人。 答案 ①on ②to 7.operate vi.运转；运作；做手术，起作用 vt.操作；经营
[教材原句]Similarly，companies will operate in different ways.
类似地，公司也会以多种形式运营。
写出下列句中operate的含义
①The doctor decided to operate at once.
____________
②The medicine will operate in ten minutes.
____________ ③You operate the mechanism by winding this handle. ____________ ④They operate three factories and a huge warehouse.
____________ 答案 ①动手术 ②起作用 ③操作 ④经营 【巧学助记】 8.respond vi.反应；回复，回答
[教材原句]Many more people will work for small，dynamic companies which can respond quickly to changes in the market.
很多人将在那些充满活力的小公司里工作，因为这些公司能够对市场的变化迅速地作出反应。 (1)respond to 回答……，对……作出反应
respond that 回答说 (2)response n.回答；反应；响应 ①The famous film star made no ________(respond)to the questions asked by reporters.
那位知名影星没有对记者的提问给予回答。 ②(2017·辽宁，阅读B)Receiving a text does not mean you need to respond _______ it.
接收到一个信息并不意味着你需要回复。 答案 ①response ②to [短 语 点 拨] 1.make up占，形成，构成；编造，虚构；组成；和解，和好；化妆，化装；弥补(for)
[牛津例句]He made up some excuse about his daughter being sick.
他编了个借口，说他的女儿病倒了。
写出下列句中make up的含义
①It took her more than an hour to make herself up.____________
②They made up for their inexperience by careful preparation for each lesson.
____________ ③They quarreled the other day but they made up soon. ____________ ④Don't make up any excuse for your being late again. ____________ ⑤Farm workers make up only a small section of the population. ____________ ⑥Leave this notice hanging on your door，asking the servant to make up your room.
____________ ⑦The flight leaves in twenty minutes—We'll never ________.
再过二十分钟飞机就要起飞了，咱们无论如何也赶不上了。 make up for 弥补，补偿 make up one's mind 下定决心 make out (费力)理解；假装；辨认出；看清楚 make it 取得成功；准时到达；做到了 be made up of 由……组成 ⑧I could hear voices but I couldn't ________ what they are saying.
我能听到说话的声音，却听不清他们在说什么。 答案 ①打扮 ②弥补 ③和解 ④编造，虚构
⑤占，构成 ⑥整理 ⑦make it ⑧make out 2.pay off得到好结果，取得成功；还清
[教材原句]This paid off because she won an award for the report.
这些努力得到了回报，因为她那篇报道获了奖。
写出下列句中pay off的汉语含义
①It would take him the rest of his life to pay off that loan. ____________
②Sandra was determined to become a doctor and her persistence paid off.
____________
③The boss paid off the employees.
____________
④Did your daring plan pay off？
____________ ⑤If you don't work now，you'll pay ________ it later when you fail your exams.
你现在不好好学，到考试不及格时就得为此而付出代价。 答案 ①偿清，还清 ②得到好的结果 ③(付清工资后)解雇 ④取得成功 ⑤for pay back 偿还，归还；报答；回报；报复 pay for 付……的钱，受……的报应 pay up (把应支付的钱)缴清，付清 3.in case万一；以防
[教材原句]Work with more than one program in case you have to use them at work，and try to read about new technology.
学习几种软件以备工作之需，努力了解最新的技术。 in case of 假如，以防 in that case 那样的话 in any case 无论如何，不管怎样 in no case 决不，在任何情况下都不(位于句首时句子用部分倒装) ①We have to go past your house ____________，so we'll take you home.
不管怎样，我们都要经过你家，所以我们会送你回去。 ②Take an umbrella with you in case it rains.
＝Take an umbrella with you ____________ rain.
＝It may rain；take an umbrella ____________.
带把伞以防下雨。 ③In no case ____________ be allowed to get up until he has recovered from his illness.
病人要痊愈才能起床。 答案 ①in any case ②in case of；in case ③should the patient 【名师点津】 in case后跟状语从句，并且从句用一般现在时表示将来，有时可用“should＋动词原形”。而in case of后跟名词，不跟从句。 [句 式 透 析] ※[教材原句]Between now and the 21st century，citizens of the world's richest and most advanced nations will find it more and more difficult to keep up with the demand for change.
在现在和21世纪的这段时期，这个世界上最富裕和最发达的国家的公民将会认为赶上变化的需求越来越难了。 (1)句中使用了“find＋it＋ adj.＋to do sth”结构。其中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式短语“to keep up with the demand for change”，形容词difficult作宾语补足语。 (2)复合宾语结构中，如果宾语过长，为了保持句子的平衡，常用形式宾语it代替，而把真正的宾语放在补语后边。其句型为： 主语＋find/think/believe/make/feel/consider...＋it＋补语(adj./ n.)＋真正的宾语(to do/that-clause) ①He found it difficult ____________(get) along with his deskmate.
他发现和同桌相处很困难。 ②Nobody thinks it easy ________ one can pay off without outside help.
没有人认为不需要外力帮助就能轻易取得成功。 答案 ①to get ②that 三、开心词场
As a young judge，Li Bo was first appointed to deal with an important case.The instant he got the task，he hesitated.In the case，a senior leader was charged with illegal behavior，so at first，he didn't know how to respond to the case.It was his father who was an experienced judge that comforted him.He told Li Bo that under his guidance，he could make it. 【联想·积累】 ❶“查字典”的表达法 ①consult a dictionary
②refer to a dictionary ③look up a word in a dictionary ❷由decrease想到的 decrease to...表示“降到……”；decrease by...表示“降了多大幅度”。有类似用法的动词还有：increase，reduce，decline，drop等。 ❸聚焦表示“频度”的副词 ①sometimes 有时；间或 ②seldom 不常；很少 ③never 从未；决不 ④constantly 经常地；不断地 ⑤frequently 频繁地；经常地 ⑥occasionally 偶尔；间或 ⑦rarely 很少地，罕有地 ⑧continually 不断地；频繁地 ⑨usually 通常，经常 ⑩ever 曾经 ❹词汇拓展 ①guidance n.指导→guide n.向导，导游v.带领，引导 ②surrounding adj.附近的，周围的→surround v.包围，围绕→surroundings n.环境 ③inspect v.审查→inspection n.检查，视察→inspector n.检查员，视察员 ④glory n.光荣，荣誉→glorious adj.光荣的，荣耀的 ⑤hesitate v.犹豫，踌躇→hesitation n.犹豫，踌躇 ⑥ distinguish vt.区别，辨别；表现突出→distinguished adj.著名的，卓越的 Ⅱ.重点短语→识记·思考·运用 一、补全短语 1.________ case 万一，以防万一 2.due ________ 由于 3.________ addition 此外 4.*________ all 首先，最重要的是 5.leave ________ 留下来，将……落在后面 6.go ________ detail(s) 讨论，细谈 7.*speak ________ 大声地说 8.*sit ________ 坐直；熬夜 in in to above behind into up up 二、短语填空 take charge of；make up；make out；turn up；believe in；turn over；pay off；keep up with 1.We couldn't ____________ what they were talking about in the next room. 2.He devoted most of his time to his training and his effort ____________ eventually in the Olympics. 3.Everybody in the village likes Jack because he is good at telling and ____________ jokes. make out paid off making up 4.Small sailboats can easily ____________ in the water if they are not managed carefully. 5.Soon I began to ____________ the department. 6.You'd better not ____________ him.He is a cheater. 7.Mother set the pace so that her children would ____________ her. 8.We arranged to meet at 7：30，but she never ____________. turn over take charge of believe in keep up with turned up 【联想·积累】 ❶含all的短语归纳 ①after all 到底，毕竟 ②first of all 首先 ③in all 总共 ④all at once 突然；同时；马上 ⑤all of a sudden 突然 ⑥all the best 万事如意 ⑦all the same 尽管如此，仍旧(照样) ⑧above all 首先；最重要的是 ❷含up的短语全接触 ①build up 逐渐增强；建立 ②hang up 挂起来；挂断电话 ③pick up 捡起；学会 ④bring up 抚养；教养 ⑤dress up 穿上盛装；打扮 ⑥clear up 澄清；放晴 ⑦break up 分裂；打碎 ⑧show up 出现；露面 ⑨take up 占据；从事 Ⅲ.经典句式→识记·思考·运用 1.*The instant she stopped asking questions，I got up and went out of the room.(the instant引导时间状语从句)
她一停止问问题，我就起身走出了房间。
[仿写]_____________________ at the airport，I recognized him at once.
在机场我一看见他就立即认出他来了。 The instant I saw him 2.Between now and the 21st century，citizens of the world's richest and most advanced nations will find it more and more difficult to keep up with the demand for change.(find＋it＋ adj.＋to do sth)
从现在开始到21世纪，这个世界上最富有和最先进的国家的公民会感到越来越难以跟上变化的需要。
[仿写]They found it is pleasant to work with us Chinese.
→They found _______________________ with us Chinese. it pleasant to work 3.*I discovered then that as long as I am committed and never give up I will be able to produce high quality reports.(as long as 引导条件状语从句)
那时我发现只要我忠于事实并且坚持不懈，我就能写出高质量的报道来。
[仿写]_______________________，you will succeed sooner or later.
只要你努力学习，你迟早会成功的。 As long as you study hard 4.It's not about making men more like women，but helping men to communicate as well.(not...but...不是……而是……)
其目的不是令男人更像女人，而是帮助男人同样良好地沟通。
[仿写]________where he was born ________ when he joined us matters.
不是他在哪儿出生，而是他何时加入我们才是重要的。 Not but 【联想·积累】 引导条件状语从句的连词荟萃
(1)“一……就……”的表达方式： ①the instant/moment/minute/second...(名词短语用作连词引导状语从句) ②instantly/immediately/directly...(副词用作连词引导状语从句) ③hardly/scarcely...when.../no sooner...than...(主句常用过去完成时，从句常用一般过去时；hardly/scarcely/no sooner位于句首时，主句用部分倒装) ④on/upon＋doing; on＋sth (2)引导条件状语从句的其它连词 as long as/so long as，unless，in case，on condition that，provided/ providing(that)，suppose/supposing(that)，assume/assuming (that)，(only) if，given (that) 等。 Ⅳ.单元语法→识记·思考·运用 直接引语与间接引语 单句语法填空 1.—Mum is not in Beijing now.She has gone to Paris.
—Oh，can you tell me when she ________(leave). 2.—How about buying Tim a mobile phone? After all，he isn't a boy any more.
—I think it's necessary，for we sometimes want to make sure if he ______________(come) home for dinner. left will come 3.“Can I use your bike for a moment？” the boy said to me.
→The boy asked me whether he could use ________(I) bike for a moment. 4.“Wang Hua is waiting for you outside of the school gate.” Li Fang said to me.
→Li Fang ________(tell)me that Wang Hua was waiting for me outside of the school gate. 5.*The teacher told us that light ________(travel) much faster than sound and this was why you saw the lightning first and then heard the thunder. my told travels 【联想·积累】 直接引语变为间接引语时，时态不变的情况 ❶直接引语表述的是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变。 ❷如果直接引语所表述的内容在目前和说话时同样有效，变间接引语时，时态可不变。 ❸主句谓语动词的时态是现在时态，在引述时，时态不变。 [单 词 点 睛] 1.reward n.奖赏，回报vt.奖赏；给以报酬
[教材原句]The old lady is offering a reward of $50 to anyone who finds her cat for her!
这位老妇人愿意给帮她找到猫的人50美元的报酬！ (1)give sb a reward for (doing) sth 因(做)……而给某人奖赏
in reward 作为报酬，作为回报 (2)reward sb with sth for (doing) sth 因(做)某事用某物奖励某人 ①He received a medal in reward for his bravery.
＝He was rewarded ________ a medal ________ his bravery.
他因表现勇敢而获得了一枚奖章。 ②He was given ________ reward for passing the examination.
他因考试及格而获得奖品。 【辨析比较】 reward/award 名词 动词 reward
报酬、奖金或一些非金钱类的报
酬 多指因对方的工作、服务、帮助而给予的报酬或奖赏，常用搭配：reward sb for(doing) sth award 奖品，奖金，与prize用法相似
意为“授予，颁发”，常用搭配：award sb sth＝award sth to sb ③Li Ping ________(reward) for saving a boy and she ________(award) a medal at the conference.
李萍因救了一名男孩而受到了奖励，而且她还在大会上获了奖牌。 答案 ①with；for ②a ③was rewarded；was awarded 2.charge vt.收费；要价；指控n.负责；费用
[教材原句]Lawyers charge higher fees than doctors.
律师收取比医生更高的服务费。 (1)in charge of 主管……，掌管/管理…… in/under the charge of sb 在某人掌管之下，由某人负责 take charge of 管理，负责 (2)charge sb money for sth 向某人索取……的费用 free of charge ＝for free 免费 (3)charge sb with...指控某人…… ①The traffic policeman charged the driver ________ over speeding.
交警指控那个司机超速驾驶。 ②I'll be in charge of the whole factory when Mr Black is away.
＝The whole factory will be in ________ charge of me when Mr Black is away.
布莱克先生不在时，由我负责整个工厂。 [熟词生义] ③The shaver can be charged and used while travelling. ____________ 答案 ①with ②the ③充电 3.consult vt.请教，查阅
[教材原句]He should consult Mr.Jensen about the new account on the 24th.
他应该向延森先生咨询24号的最新报道。 (1)consult sb about sth 向某人请教/咨询某事
consult with sb about sth 与某人商量某事 consult a dictionary/map 查字典/地图 consult with sb about/on sth 就……与某人交换意见 (2)consultant n.[C] 顾问 ①We will consult together ________ advisors ________ her education.
我们将一起和专家商议她的教育事宜。 ②When in doubt about the meaning of a word，_______________.
当拿不准词义时，查查词典。 ③Before we can accept the firm's offer we must ________ the workers.
我们与工人们商量后才能接受公司的条件。 答案 ①with；about ②consult a dictionary
③consult with 【巧学助记】 4.commit vt.投入；使承诺；做不好的事
[教材原句]I discovered then that as long as I am committed and never give up I will be able to produce high quality reports.
那时我发现，只要我坚持不懈，决不放弃，就能写出高质量的报道。 (1)commit sb to (doing) sth 使某人承诺(做)某事 commit oneself to (doing) sth 答应(做)某事 commit suicide/a crime/a murder 自杀/犯罪/谋杀 (2)commitment n.[C][U]承诺；保证； [C]承担义务 (3)committed adj.忠诚的，尽职的 ①The contract commits him to ________(play)for the team for the next three years.
合约规定以后3年他要为该队效力。 ②The local government has ________(commit)large amounts of money to housing projects.
当地政府已在住宅项目上投入了大量资金。 ③I felt I did not have to make such a ________(commit)to them.
我觉得我没有必要对他们作出那样的承诺。 答案 ①playing ②committed ③commitment 5.hesitate v.犹豫，踌躇，不愿意，有顾虑
[经典例句]I didn't hesitate for a moment about taking the job.
我毫不犹豫地接受了那份工作。 (1)hesitate to do sth ＝hesitate about/in/at/over (doing) sth 对(做)某事犹豫不决 (2)hesitation n. 踌躇；犹豫 without hesitation 毫不犹豫地 have no hesitation in doing sth 毫不犹豫地做某事 ①In the event of difficulties，please do not hesitate ________(contact)our Customer Service Department.
如果遇到困难，请尽管和我们的客户服务部联系。 ②We have no hesitation ________ accepting your most generous offer.
我们十分乐意接受你最慷慨的捐赠。 答案 ①to contact ②in 6.decrease v.& n.减少，降低
[教材原句]Jobs in farming，coal mining and heavy industry are decreasing rapidly.
农业、煤矿业和重工业的职位迅速减少。 (1)decrease in...在……(方面)降低/减少 decrease to...减少到…… decrease by...减少了…… (2)a decrease in 在……(方面)减少 on the decrease 在减少 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 Ⅰ.核心单词→识记·思考·运用 一、单词拼写 1.*(2017·陕西，20)To work out the difficult math problem，I have ___________(咨询)Professor Russell several times. 2.The couple___________(争吵) every morning and make it up every evening. 3.She was given a medal as a ____________ (奖赏) for her service. consulted quarrel reward 4.How you can do that is beyond my ______________(理解). 5.He knew I was energetic and ________(精力充沛) and would get things done. 6.Just for an ________(瞬息) I thought he was going to refuse. 7.(2015·安徽，阅读D)They are completely fearless，attacking in large groups and ____________(战胜) their target. comprehension dynamic instant overcoming 8.*The nation's consumption of coal__________(下降)continuously last year. 9.We should stick to the principles and be ________(灵活的) as well. 10.(2015·新课标全国I，阅读A) Admission is at normal ________ (收费) and you don't need to book. decreased flexible charges 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1.*(2017·天津，阅读表达) We are__________ (constant)wondering and trying to find out what's over the hill and beyond the horizon. 2.He showed good __________(judge) in deciding not to invest in the project. 3.(2017·辽宁，阅读B)Receiving a text does not mean you need to make a _____________(respond) to it. constantly judgement response 4.After the ____________(operate) you may find it difficult to chew and swallow. 5.(2015·浙江，满分作文)Without__________(hesitate)，I decided to follow them and we did have lots of fun that day. 6.It was said that this was the only copy of the book in ___________(exist). 7.I felt I did not have to make such a ___________(commit)to them. 8.(2015·北京，阅读C)That means a transparent object doesn't look very different from the ______________(surround)air or water. operation hesitation existence commitment surrounding 9.It's___________(legal) to read people's private letters without permission. 10.“Don't be disappointed，” he ___________ his friend.“Let's go to the beach and the sunlight and wind will make you more ___________，that is，you can get more ____________ there.”(comfort) 11.My friend Tom and I made an ___________ yesterday.He told me that he was ___________ to a remote village.(appointment) 12.Her father is an expert ___________.Only he can ___________ the new machine in the factory.(operation) illegal comforted comfortable comfort appointment appointed operator operate