①I was trying to figure ________ how to swim to the boys in a straight line.
我试图找出如何直接地游到男孩那边。 ②Don't figure ________ the weather being fine for your garden party.
别指望天气会为你们举办游园会而变得好起来。 ③The bill you paid doesn't figure ________ the tip you have to give to the waiter.
你支付的账单并没有包括你必须给服务员的小费。 答案 ①out ②on ③in [句 式 透 析] ※[教材原句]And so the day went on，until finally I climbed，tired and ashamed, into bed.
于是那天就这样继续下去，直到最后我爬上床，既疲惫又羞愧。
形容词或形容词短语作状语，往往是补充或说明主语所处的状态，主要表示原因、伴随或方式等。
①To our relief，the plane landed，________.(方式状语)
使我们欣慰的是，飞机安全着陆了。 ②The old man died，happy and ________(satisfy).(伴随状语)
老人幸福而又满足地过世了。 ③________to see her friends，she took a taxi home.(原因状语)
急于见到她的朋友，她搭乘出租车回家。 答案 ①safe ②satisfied ③Eager 8.If you don't slow down，you'll ____________ in hospital. 9.You can ____________ him because he is a reliable man. 10.A boy was ____________ by a passing car but fortunately he was not hurt severely. end up count on knocked over 【联想·积累】 ❶“查字典”的多种表达 ①refer to the dictionary ②look up a word in the dictionary ③consult the dictionary ④turn to the dictionary ❷归纳表示“指望，依靠，依赖”的短语 count on
②depend on
③rely on
④figure on ⑤lean on
⑥calculate on
❸表示“偶然遇见”的短语小结 ①run into ②run/come across ③knock into ④meet with ⑤come upon Ⅲ.经典句式→识记·思考·运用 1.*Now that Helen understood the key to language，she was very eager to learn more and use it as much as she could.(now that引导原因状语从句)
既然海伦理解了语言之谜，她非常渴望学习更多的词语并且尽可能多地使用它们。
[仿写]___________________________，you should catch it.
既然这是最后一次机会，你应该抓住它。 Now that this is the last chance 2.*It was the first time Helen had understood such a complex word—a word for something she couldn't touch.(It is/was＋序数词＋time＋that...，其中that可省略)
这是海伦第一次理解这么复杂的单词——一个代表她触碰不到的东西的单词。
[仿写]It was the second time that he ____________________ because he drove after drinking.
这是他第二次因酒后驾驶受到惩罚。 had been punished 3.The day started to go wrong the instant I left home.(the instant引导时间状语从句)
我刚一离开家，天气就开始变糟。
[仿写]_____________________，I knew there was no hope.
我一看见他，我就知道没有希望。 The instant I saw him 4.And so the day went on，until finally I climbed，tired and ashamed, into bed.(形容词或形容词短语作状语)
于是那天就这样继续下去，直到最后我爬上床，既疲惫又羞愧。
[仿写]________________________，I had to stop to have a rest.
又累又饿，我只好停下来休息一下。 Tired and hungry
【联想·积累】 (1)原因状语从句的常用引导词荟萃 引导原因状语从句的常用词分为两类：单词引导词主要有because，as，since等；短语引导词主要有now that，for the reason that，in that，seeing that，considering (that)等。 (2)It is/was the＋序数词＋time＋(that)...表示“是第几次做……”。这是一个特殊的句型，当主句用is时，that从句应该用现在完成时；当主句用was时，that从句应该用过去完成时。还可以用this/that代替it。 Ⅳ.单元语法→识记·思考·运用 过去完成时 用所给词的适当形式填空 1.When we arrived，the show ______________(start). 2.—What if you _____________(forget) to send an essay with your application? —I would have been rejected. had started had forgotten 3.My bike is broken.I'll have it ________ (repair). 4.*I'll try my best to get my work ________(finish) as soon as possible. 5.When we got there after the accident，we were told that the injured _________________(send) to the nearest hospital. repaired finished had been sent 【联想·积累】 动词get的 “使役”用法小结 get常用作使役动词，意为“使”、“让”、“叫”等，后接复合宾语，其中宾语补足语可以是形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式或分词。 [单 词 点 睛] 1.abandon vt.放弃，遗弃；陷入；沉湎于(某种情感) n.放任, 放纵
[高考例句](2015·广东，满分作文)They should abandon playing computer and cheating in the exams.
他们应该放弃玩电脑，不在考试中作弊。 (1) abandon oneself to 沉溺于……，纵情于…… abandon doing sth 放弃做某事 (2)with abandon 纵情地，放任地 (3)abandoned adj.被遗弃的，废弃的；无约束的 ①The boy felt ________(abandon)by the world.So he abandoned ________(he)to ________(play)computer games and thought that life was boring.His teacher and classmates helped him abandon the idea and abandon ________(play)computer games with their love. 男孩感觉被这个世界所抛弃了。因此他沉湎于玩网络游戏并认为生活是无聊的。他的老师和同学用爱帮助他放弃了这种想法并不再沉迷于网络游戏。 ②The girls jumped up and down and waved their arms ________ abandon.
那些女孩子跳上跳下尽情地挥舞着手臂。 答案 ①abandoned；himself；playing；playing ②with
【巧学助记】 2.preserve vt.保护，保存；维护
[高考例句](2015·湖北，阅读A)Many people are working hard to preserve these ponies.
许多人正在努力保护这些小马。 (1)preserve sb/sth from...保护某人/某物免于…… preserve sth＋ adj.把某物保存得…… (2)preservation n. 保护，保存 ①Social activities usually preserve old people ________ the loneliness of old age.
社交活动通常防止老年人晚年孤独。 ②The paintings were in an excellent state of ________(preserve); they are ________ great value to our study.
这些画保存完好，它们对我们的研究有很大价值。 答案 ①from ②preservation；of 【联想归纳】preserve与reserve词形相似，但reserve 意为“保留；预订”。 3.witness vt.& vi.目击；亲见；作证；为……作证n.见证人；目击者
[高考例句](2017·天津，书面表达)Our city witnesses four different seasons，plenty of sunshine and good rainfall，but in winter you may feel a little cold.
我们的城市见证了四个不同的季节，阳光和雨量充沛，但在冬天，你可能会觉得有点冷。 ①The ________ who ________ the incident ________ the police and promised to be a ________.
目击了这起事故的目击者向警察提交了证据并且答应作证人 【名师点津】 witness作动词时，常用拟人化的方式陈述事实，即用事物名词直接做主语，表述既简洁又形象。 (1)witness for/against 作有利于/不利于……的证明 witness to (doing) sth 证明(做)某事 (2)be a witness to 是……的目击者；是……的证据 give/bear witness to 为……作证，证明 ②The world ________(witness) China's development in space.
世人已经见证了中国在太空方面的发展。 答案 ①witness；witnessed；gave witness to；witness ②has witnessed 【巧学助记】 4.occur vi.发生；出现；存在
[高考例句](2015·广东，完形)Now it occurred to him that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.
现在看来好像他的农场是非常有潜能的，奶牛的死也似乎给他带来了好运气。 (1)sth occurs/occurred to sb 某事被某人想起 It occurs/occurred to sb that...某人想起…… It occurs/occurred to sb to do sth 某人想起做某事 (2)occurrence n. [C]事情；事件(＝event)；[U](事情的)出现，发生 ①Didn't ________ occur to you that he might be interested in it?
你当时没有想到他可能对此事感兴趣吗？ ②I suppose it didn't occur ________ you to phone the police.
我猜想你不会打电话报警。 答案 ①it ②to 5.burst vi.爆炸，冲，闯；爆裂；突然发生，突然出现n.爆发，突发
[教材原句]The building exploded because a gas pipe had burst.
因为天然气管道的破裂，这幢楼爆炸了。 (1)burst into/in 突然闯进；破门而入 burst out 突然迸发；爆发 burst into tears/laughter＝burst out crying/laughing 突然大哭/大笑 burst with anger/joy/grief 勃然大怒/乐不可支/悲痛欲绝 (2)a burst of 突发的响声；情感的突然爆发 ①The police burst ________ (through the door) and arrested him.
警察突然闯进(房门)并逮捕了他。 【巧学助记】 【名师点津】 burst into和burst out都含有“突然……”之意，burst into后接名词，burst out后接动词－ing形式。 ②Scarcely had she heard the sad story when she burst out ________(cry)/burst ________ tears.
她一听到这悲伤的消息，就失声痛哭。 答案 ①in ②crying；into 6.discourage vt.使泄气，使灰心；阻止，劝阻
[高考例句](2015·福建，24)The failure was a big blow to him，but he wasn't discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.
这次失败对他来说是一次不小的打击，但是他没有气馁，很快就像以前那样乐观了。 ①His parents tried to discourage him from ________(go)abroad，but failed. 他父母试图阻止他出国，但是失败了。 (1) discourage sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事 (2) discouragement n.[U]阻止；泄气；挫折 (3) discouraged adj.泄气的 be/get discouraged 变得灰心，泄气 ②Our teacher told us to keep our chin up，do the best we can，and don't get ________(discourage).
我们的老师为我们加油打气，让我们不要灰心，要继续全力以赴而不要泄气。 答案 ①going ②discouraged [短 语 点 拨] 1.come across偶然遇见；被理解
[教材原句]I came across an interesting name story when I visited my cousin in Henan Province.
我在河南省看我表哥时无意中听到了一个有趣的有关名字的故事。 ①She came up ________ a new idea for increasing sale.
她想出了一个增加销售量的新主意。 ②When ________ comes to cooking，she is always talking without stop. 每当谈到烹饪，她就有说不完的话题。 答案 ①with ②it come out 出现；出版；结果是 come about 发生 come up 长出地面；走近；被提出 come up with 提出 When it comes to (doing) sth 当涉及…… 2.hold up支撑起；延误，延迟，推迟；承受住；举起
[教材原句]She became quite famous when she invented a new way of holding up suspension bridges during the building process.
她因在建设过程中发明了一种新的支撑吊桥的方法而闻名。
写出下列句中hold up的含义
①Had it not been for the postal strike，my home letter might not
have been held up.
____________ ②How does he hold up under such a responsibility?
____________ ③I decided to hold up on the news until he was sure of it. ____________ ④They held up their coach to celebrate their winning. ____________ 答案 ①延误 ②承受住 ③推迟 ④举起 3.figure out理解；弄明白；计算出
[教材原句]So they figured out a way to change it.
所以他们想出一个方法去改变它。 figure on (doing) sth 计划/打算/预料到(做)某事 figure up 合计，把……加起来；计算出 figure in 被计算进去；被考虑在内；在……中出现 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 Ⅰ.核心单词→识记·思考·运用 一、单词拼写 1.*(2015·安徽，阅读B)Their ___________(扩大)business became a large corporation in 1996. 2.He is easily _______________(使灰心) by difficulties and obstacles. 3.*(2015·重庆，阅读E )History has ___________(目睹)the endless productions of Shakespearean plays in every major language of the world.
expanding discouraged witnessed 4.The shy girl felt ___________(笨拙的) and uncomfortable. 5.(2017·重庆，阅读A)All of a sudden，a warm feeling of ____________ (同情)rose up in my heart. 6.*He had to ____________(放弃) his research for lack of funds. 7.(2017·安徽，阅读D) However，there may be other reasons why they should be ____________(保护). awkward sympathy abandon preserved 8.Joe was ____________(固执的) and would not listen to any reason. 9.Our train leaves at half past nine—9：33 to be ___________(准确的). 10.(2015·陕西，满分作文)I really want to obtain this __________
(宝贵的) opportunity. stubborn precise precious 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1.(2015·安徽，阅读E)The foods we eat—and when and how we eat them—are often unique to a ____________(particularly)culture. 2.John is smart，polite，and well-behaved.In a word，he is ___________(admire).
3.We were very surprised at his _____________(normal) behavior. particular admirable abnormal 4.He was ____________(apparent)much surprised at the news. 5.The swimming club is open to families in the neighborhood without ___________(restrict). 6.That plane crash ___________(occur) only minutes after take-off. 7.Some of the old ___________(fantastic) about the space age are coming true. apparently restriction occurred fantasies 8.Nowadays，many old customs are ___________(gradual) dying out. 9.Most people think it ___________，although a few members haven't known the _____________ of the matter.(significance) 10.We must learn how to ____________ everything，and we should make it __________，although it is ____________ sometimes.(bear) 11.The old soldier's health ____________ greatly from all the ____________ that he went through during the war.(suffer) gradually significant significance bear bearable unbearable suffered sufferings 三、开心词场
An accident occurred at 5 pm yesterday.A nine-year-old girl was knocked over by a truck on her way to school，and to our sorrow，she was dead on the spot.Hearing the news，the girl's mother burst out crying.She didn't know how it came about.The witness told the police that the driver abandoned his truck and escaped from the spot.All the relatives and neighbors couldn't put up with the driver's cruelty.And they all counted on the police to help them. 【联想·积累】 ❶expand相关短语个个清 ①expand into (使……)扩大成…… ②expand in 在……方面增加/膨胀 ③expand on/upon 详述，详细阐明 ❷“看”遍天下 ①notice 注意到，留心 ②observe 观察 ③watch 观看，关注 ④stare (at) 凝视，盯着看 ⑤glance (at) 匆匆看一眼；瞥 ⑥glare (at) 怒视 ⑦peer 窥视，凝视 ⑧witness 目击，目睹 ❸“停止，放弃，舍弃”集合 ①pause ②stop ③abandon ④quit ⑤give up ⑥desert
❹词汇拓展 ①suffering n.痛苦，困难→suffer v.遭受，患(某种病) ②discourage vt.使泄气，使灰心→discouraged adj.气馁的，泄气的→courage n.勇气→encourage vt.鼓励 ③unbearable adj.不能忍受的→bearable adj.可忍受的→bear v.忍耐 ④musical adj.音乐的→music n.音乐→musician n.音乐家 ⑤origin n.起源，开端；出身→original adj.最初的；起先的 Ⅱ.重点短语→识记·思考·运用 一、补全短语 1.once ________ a time 从前 2.________ a way 从某种程度上说 3.________ one's side 侧身 4.split ________ 断绝关系；分成小部分 5.name...________ 以……命名 6.________ particular 特别，尤其 7.on the way ________ 在去……的路上 8.________ rise 增加工资 upon in on up after in to pay 二、短语填空 come into view；block out；knock sb over；*refer to；hold up；*count on；figure out；*come across；end up；put up with 1.The building work has been ____________ by the bad weather. 2.I ____________ one of my old friends when I went shopping yesterday afternoon. 3.I really don't know how they ____________ such extreme condition. held up came across put up with 4.When the car goes around the corner，our house will ________________. 5.You can ____________ a dictionary when you come across a new word. 6.All they did was ____________ the light. 7.Remember stress does go away，especially when you ____________ the problem and start working on solving it. come into view refer to block out figure out