[单 词 点 睛] 1.abundant adj.大量的；丰盛的；充裕的
[高考例句](2017·重庆，完形)Ahmed reminded me of the abundant kindness in the world.
艾哈迈德提醒我这个世界还是充满了善意。 (1)be abundant in 富有……；……很丰富 (2)abundance n. 丰富 an abundance of 丰富的，许多的 in abundance 大量；富裕 ①The ocean floor near the continents is abundant ________ mineral and oil deposits.
靠近大陆的海底矿藏和石油藏量丰富。
②If you travel in the sea，you will see ________ abundance of marine creatures.
如果你在海上旅行的话，会看到很多海洋生物。 答案 ①in ②an 2.burden n.负担，重担 vt.(使)担负(沉重或艰难的任务、职责等)
[教材原句]Instead，they feel like a burden because every month we have to hand over most of the money we earn to pay for them.
相反，它们就像一种负担，因为我们每月都要将挣来的大部分的钱拿出来支付贷款。 (1)be a burden on 是……的负担
(2)burden sb/oneself with sth 装载……；使……负担…… be burdened with...负重；为……所累 ①His invalid father is becoming a burden ________ him.
他父亲体弱多病，对他来说渐渐成了累赘。 ②Some parents complain that their children ________________ (burden) with heavy homework.
有些家长抱怨他们孩子的家庭作业繁重。 答案 ①to ②are burdened 3.resign vt.& vi.辞职，辞去；使顺从
[教材原句]His boss insisted that he work longer hours so he resigned.
他的老板坚持要他更长时间地工作，所以他辞职了。 resign one's job/post/position 辞去工作/职位 resign from 辞职 resign oneself to (doing) sth 顺从……；使自己安于(做)某事 resign as...辞去当……的职务 ①She resigned from the committee.
＝She resigned ________ a member of the committee.
她辞去了委员会的职务。 ②You must resign yourself to ________(wait)a bit longer.
你只好耐心多等一会儿了。 答案 ①as ②waiting 4.undertake vt.着手做，从事，承担；允诺，答应
[教材原句]Conditions improved a great deal and the government undertook the preservation of many of the oldest hutongs.
胡同的条件得到了很大的改善，政府对很多早期的胡同进行了修缮和保护。 undertake＋n./pron.承担…… undertake to do...着手做……，答应做…… undertake that...答应…… undertake for...为……负责 ①I will undertake ________(feed)your dogs while you are away.你不在家时我保证替你喂狗。 ②We'll undertake ________ your security while you are visiting our country.
当你访问我们国家时，我们将保证你的安全。 答案 ①to feed ②for 5.sentence n.& vt.判决；宣判；判刑
[教材原句]In the USA in the last 100 years, 23 men have been wrongly sentenced to death and there are doubts about 400 other cases.
在美国，在过去的100年里，23人已被错误地判处死刑，有另外400件案例遭质疑。 (1)serve a sentence 服刑 pass/give sentence on sb 给某人判刑 a death/life sentence 死刑/无期徒刑 (2)sentence sb to sth 给某人判……刑(常用被动语态) be sentenced to death/three years in prison 被判死刑/三年徒刑 ①The judge will pass sentence ________ the murderer tomorrow after looking at the report.
法官看完报告后明天会对凶手做出判决。 ②Jack was sentenced ________ three years ________ prison for his part in the crime.
杰克因参与犯罪活动被判处3年徒刑。 答案 ①on ②to；in [短 语 点 拨] 1.come into being形成；存在
[教材原句]If laws such as these came into being，a huge adjustment would be required and there would certainly be diverse reactions.
如果像这样的法律能够形成的话，社会将需要作巨大的调整，而人们的反应也一定会各有不同。 ①When did the term of “new-new people”_______________？
“新新人类”一词是什么时候出现的呢？ come into existence 开始存在，建立，产生 come into effect/force 生效 come into use 开始使用 come into power 掌权 come into sight/view 看见；进入视野 come into fashion 开始流行 ②The new tax regulations ________________ last month.
新税法是上个月生效的。 ③The newly-elected president will ________________ next month.新当选的总统下月开始执政。 答案 ①come into being/existence ②came into effect/force ③come into power 2.show off炫耀，夸耀；卖弄；显示
[教材原句]Nobody has any desire to show off and gold and silver have no value—unlike in our society.
没有人有任何欲望去炫耀，而且金和银没有价值——这与我们的社会不同。 (1)show sb around/in/out 领某人参观/进来/出去 show up 出席，露面；暴露 (2)(be) on show ＝(be) on display 在展出 ①We were waiting for him all the afternoon but he failed to show ________.
整个下午我们都在等他，可是他没有来。 ②We were shown ________ the London by an elderly guide.
我们由一位年长的向导带着四处参观伦敦。 ③Quite a number of world famous paintings are ________ show in this exhibition.
有许多的世界名画在本次展览会上展出。 答案 ①up ②around ③on 3.knock into sb 撞上某人
[教材原句]There is a car accident there at least once a week and today I nearly knocked into somebody crossing the road.
那里每周至少有一起车祸发生，我今天差点撞上一个正在过马路的人。 knock down/over 撞倒；打倒；拆除 knock at (on) 敲(门、窗、墙等) knock out 撞出；敲击 knock off 减价；中断，停止 ①He would almost knock ______ me before he saw me.
他几乎要撞到我时才看到我。 ②Jim was knocked ________ by a bus，but not seriously hurt.
吉姆被公共汽车撞倒了，但伤得不严重。 ③Let's knock ________ work early and go to watch the football game.咱们早点收工去看足球赛吧。
答案 ①into ②down/over ③off 【名师指津】 knock into表示“撞上”时，相当于run into；表示“遇上”时，相当于come across，meet with或meet by chance。 【巧学助记】 [句 式 透 析] ※[教材原句]They were then able to place guards at the entrances of the various hutongs，which made it easier to keep an eye on people's movements.
然后他们就可以在各个胡同路口设置哨兵，这样更便于监视人们的举动。
make it easier是“make ＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语to keep an eye on people's movements。在“make ＋宾语＋宾语补足语”这一结构中，宾补可以由名词、形容词、过去分词、不定式来充当。 ①People in the West make ________ a rule to buy Christmas presents for their relatives and friends.
西方国家的人常在圣诞节时给亲属和朋友购买礼物。 ②Bill Gates' Microsoft makes him ________ phenomenon in the business world.
比尔·盖茨的微软使他成为商界的一个奇才。 ③The purpose of new technologies is to make life ________(easy)，not to make it more difficult.
新技术的目的是使生活变得更加容易，而不是变得更加困难。 答案 ①it ②a ③easier 【名师指津】 (1)在“make ＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构中，当“独一无二的职位、头衔”的名词作补足语时，名词前无冠词。 (2)在英语中，动词(短语)let，make，have，feel，listen to，look at，notice，observe，see，watch，hear等后要跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 知识运用 知识梳理 Ⅰ.核心单词→识记·思考·运用 一、单词拼写 1.*He had been ill for a long time and _____________(因此) he was behind in his work. 2.(2017·北京，阅读A)We all know that the cost of heating our homes will continue to be a significant ________(负担) on the family budget. consequently burden 3.People will not face this alternative because it is so difficult to ____________(废除)war. 4.When his influence began to ___________(收缩)，his wealth also decreased. 5.I would ___________(辞职)rather than accept him as a partner. 6.He does not know what to do with his ___________(空闲的) time. abolish shrink resign vacant 7.*The girl is fond of _____________(积累) new words in her English study. 8.(2017·四川，阅读C)A British judge on Thursday ____________ (判处)a businessman who sold fake bomb detectors to 10 years in prison. 9.He lost his way，_____________(而且)，his car broke down. 10.The drunken driver ____________(承担)full responsibility for the serious traffic accident. accumulating sentenced furthermore undertook 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1.His ___________(resign) is a measure of how angry he is. 2.*The __________(mercy) king saved the young officers from death. 3.The wood was so __________ (rot) that you could put your finger through it. 4.The new railway is in the course of ____________(construct). 5.The lake attracts an ________________(abundant) of wildlife. resignation merciful rotten construction abundance 6.He advertised them of his decision to withdraw from the __________(elect). 7.If you are willing to do ___________ work，you can be a __________.(voluntary) 8.The paintings are in an excellent state of ___________.That is to say，they are well ____________.(preservation) 9.She used to ________ newspapers，and now she is the ________ of a dictionary which is now in its sixth ________.(edition) 10.Please give me a ___________.I want to use it to ________ some water.(container) election voluntary volunteer preservation preserved edit editor edition container contain 三、开心词场
After he resigned from a government department，he volunteered
to undertake social work.He was thirsty for shrinking and even abolishing collision in society.As a consequence，he deserved admiration and respect. 【联想·积累】 ❶表示“因果”关系的词汇 ①as a result of 因为，由于 ②therefore 所以 ③consequently 因此，所以 ④as a result 结果 ⑤thus 因此，所以 ⑥in consequence 由于 ⑦as a consequence 结果 ⑧owing/due/thanks to由于 ❷后缀-ate动词一览 ①accumulate v. 累积；积聚 ②accelerate v. (使)加快 ③advocate vt.提倡，拥护
④allocate v. 分配
⑤appreciate vt. 欣赏；感激
❸以-ful为后缀的形容词 ①hopeful 充满希望的 ②grateful 感激的 ③colorful 多彩的 ④powerful 强大的 ⑤successful 成功的 ⑥merciful 仁慈的 ❹词汇拓展 ①signature n.签名→sign v.签名；打手势 n.招牌；迹象；符号 ②govern vt.统治，管理→government n.政府 ③adjustment n.调整，调节→adjust vt.调整，调节，使适应 ④consequently adv.所以，因此→consequent adj.作为结果的 Ⅱ.重点短语→识记·思考·运用 一、补全短语 1.take...________ 认真对待…… 2.wind sb________ 故意惹恼某人 3.________ principle 根据原则 4.be well/better ________ 过得好/过得更好 5.________ all 最重要的是；首先 6.to start ________ 首先 7.play an important role ________...在……中起重要作用 8.take...________ account 考虑；注意；体谅 seriously up on off above with in into 二、短语填空 *do away with；sentence sb to death；knock into sb；break into；contribute to；*keep an eye on；come into being 1.Honesty and hard work ____________ success and happiness. 2.The diver lost control of his car and it _______________ a tree. 3.We're amazed at the amazing news that he _______________
death. 4.Do you know when the Great Wall ______________？ contribute to knocked into was sentenced to came into being 5.As the President's car arrived，the crowd ____________ loud applause. 6.They ______________ those rules at those school years ago. 7.We must _______________ the stranger who is looking back and forth all the time. 8.The society today offers the young generation more chances to ____________ their talent and skills. broke into did away with keep an eye on show off 【联想·积累】 ❶do相关短语 ①do away with 废除；摆脱；消灭 ②do harm to 对……有害 ③do justice to 公平对待；适当处理 ④do one's best 尽力 ⑤do one's duty 尽职责 ⑥do one's hair 做头发 ⑦do up 重新整修；收拾整齐 ⑧do without 不用 ❷eye的相关短语 ①keep an eye on 留神注意；留意；照看 ②have a good eye for 对……有鉴赏眼光 ③look sb in the eye 直视(正视)某人 ④catch one's eye 引起某人注意；吸引某人的目光 Ⅲ.经典句式→识记·思考·运用 1.As a society，it's high time that we took these issues more seriously.(It's high time that sb did/should do sth 该是某人做某事的时候了)
作为整个社会来讲，到了我们应该更加认真地考虑这些问题的时候了。
[仿写]It's high time that we _________________________ to fight for a total tobacco ban.
到了我们应采取措施为全民戒烟作斗争的时候了。 should take/took measures 2.*I'd rather you didn't mention that.(would rather 后接从句时，从句应该用虚拟语气)
我宁愿你不要提那件事。
[仿写]I'd rather ________________ him the news that day.
我真希望你那天没有把那个消息告诉他。 3.*What if some married people have affairs？(what if “要是……怎么办”)
要是一些已婚的人有了婚外恋怎么办？
[仿写]____________ Jeremy Lin is absent from the basketball game?
要是林书豪缺席这场篮球赛会怎么样呢？ you hadn't told What if 4.They were then able to place guards at the entrances of the various hutongs，which made it easier to keep an eye on people's movements.(make＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
然后他们就可以在各个胡同路口设置哨兵，这样更便于监视人们的举动。
[仿写]Rising costs ______________________ business.
成本不断上涨，生意很难做成。 made it hard to carry on 【联想·积累】 ❶would rather接从句的用法 would rather后常接从句，从句用一般过去时表示对现在或将来的虚拟；用过去完成时表示对过去的虚拟。 ❷What if...？的用法
What if...？意为“如果……将怎么办？”可以看作What will happen if...？的省略形式；还可表示“即使……又有什么关系”，看作是What does it matter if...的省略形式。 Ⅳ.单元语法→识记·思考·运用 说服 单句语法填空 1.I would rather you ____________(come) tomorrow. 2.*We demanded that we ____________(need) more time to relax. 3.It's high time that we ____________________(get) down to work. 4.*Yu Fang insisted that she ______(be) tired and was willing to stay the night but I insisted that she ____________(go) at once. 5.If I were you，I ____________(go) abroad next year. 6.She ______________________(attend) your birthday party，but she had to look after her mother in hospital. came (should) need got/should get was (should) go would go ought to have attended 【学法·点拨】 虚拟语气小结 表示命令、建议、要求、愿望等含义的动词后跟宾语从句和同位语从句时用虚拟语气，形式为：(should＋)动词原形。常这样用的动词有：advise，demand，desire，command，insist，prefer，urge，order，recommend，request，require，suggest，以及这些词的名词形式。