【加练半小时】2017届高考英语一轮复习练习：第19练 健康与医疗类（一）（含解析）

　　单词识记：

　　disease 　health 　tiredtreat

　　AIDS

　　virus

　　cure

　　disabled

　　emergency

　　harm

　　injure

　　medicine

　　mental

　　recover

　　rescue

　　dizzy

　　allergic

　　operate

　　random

　　relief

　　短语扫描：

　　be in good/poor health 身体好/差

　　medical care医疗护理

　　put pressure on对……施加压力

　　suffer from遭受……

　　be harmful to 对……有害

　　recover from恢复

　　take medicine 服药

　　come to sb.’s rescue营救某人

　　under stress在压力下

　　be upset about对……感到不快

　　[跟踪训练]

　　在空格处填入适当的词(1个单词)或所给词的正确形式

　　1．Most of us need to lead more balanced lives to be

　　(health) and happy.

　　2．Firemen tried to free the

　　(injure) and put out the big fire.

　　3．Something that is

　　(harm) has a bad effect on something else，especially on a person’s health.

　　4．We must equip the children

　　(mental) and physically to meet the trial they will face.

　　5．He made a remarkable

　　(recover) from a leg injury.

　　6．The starved polar bear in Norway was said to be

　　good health in April.

　　7．I don’t want to put pressure

　　you to make a decision，but we haven’t much time left.

　　8．He didn’t come to school this morning because he was suffering

　　a heavy headache.

　　9．Do you think you can work well

　　stress?

　　10．I don’t think Rosemary will be upset

　　it，but I’ll go to see her in case she is.

　　Ⅰ.阅读理解

　　A

　　(2015·河北唐山高三一模)

　　The spread of Western eating habits around the world is bad for human health and the environment.These findings come from a new report in the journal Nature.

　　David Tilman，a professor of ecology at the University of Minnesota，America，examined information from 100 countries to identify what people ate and how diet affected health.He noted a movement beginning in the 1960s.He found that as nations industrialized(工业化)，population increased and earnings rose，more people began to adopt what has been called the Western diet.

　　The Western diet is high in sugar，fat，oil and meat.By eating these foods，people began to get fatter and sicker.David Tilman says overweight people are at higher risk of non­infectious diseases like diabetes(糖尿病) and heart disease.

　　Unfortunately when people become industrialized，if they adopt this Western diet，they are going to have these health problems，especially in developing countries in Asia.China is an example where the number of diabetes cases has been jumping from less than one percent to 10 percent of the population as they began to industrialize over a 20­year period.And that is happening all across the world，in Mexico，in Nigeria and so on.

　　And，a diet bad for human beings is also bad for the environment.As the world’s population grows，more forests and tropical(热带的) areas will become farmlands for crops or grasslands for cattle.We are likely to have more greenhouse gas in the future from agriculture than that coming out of all forms of transportation right now.

　　Mr.Tilman calls the link between diet，the environment and human health “a trilemma”—a problem offering

　　a difficult choice.He says one possible solution is leaving the Western diet behind.

　　1．According to the passage，more greenhouse gas might be given off in the future from

　　.

　　A．transportation

　　B．developing countries

　　C．agriculture

　　D．developed countries

　　2．David Tilman believes that

　　.

　　A．diet，the environment and human health are closely connected

　　B．the Western diet is the only choice as the nation industrializes

　　C．people in tropical areas are more likely to have heart disease

　　D．traditional diets are more balanced than the Western diet

　　3．We can infer from the passage that

　　.

　　A．Nigeria has the largest number of diabetes cases

　　B．overweight people are at higher risk of infectious diseases

　　C．the examined information comes from developing countries

　　D．industrialization contributes to the spread of the Western diet

　　4．The main purpose of the passage is to

　　.

　　A．call on us to protect the environment

　　B．remind us of the importance of health

　　C．warn us of the danger of the Western diet

　　D．advise us to have a balanced diet

　　B

　　(2015·河南商丘市高三一模)

　　2017 saw that the Ebola virus reappeared in Guinea and soon spread into neighbouring Liberia and Sierra Leone，killing over 7,800 people by the new year of 2015.It leads to viral hemorrhagic fever，which is characterized by high fever and internal bleeding etc.

　　Ebola is named after the Ebola River，where it was first discovered in 1976.There are five different types of the Ebola virus，each named after where they first happened：Sudan，Ivory Coast，Reston，Bundibugyo，and Zaire.The deadliest of the five，Zaire，was responsible for the 2017 out­break，and is believed to be attacking Guinea.

　　Ebola is naturally found in fruit bats，which pass on the virus to other animals by biting or sucking on their blood.Humans who are suffering from the Ebola infection might have touched the bodily fluids of the infected animals.Once infected，a human becomes a carrier of the deadly virus.

　　Unfortunately，there are no disease­specific treatments for Ebola.Health­care workers only supply the infected people with physiological saline(生理盐水) to keep them in good condition.Ebola can kill 90% of those infected，especially in underdeveloped societies like those in Africa.Since there have been many cases of nurses catching the disease from patients，they are forced to wear strict protective clothes，and in some cases，not even allowed to get close to the infected.The fact that there is no cure for the Ebola virus is what makes the outbreak a challenging one to control.

　　What’s worse，since we live in an interconnected world，where the situation in one country can affect us all，the influences of Ebola are huge：damaging trade relations，affecting foreign visitors，and weakening entire countries.It is feared that the disease may spread throughout west African countries.For every country，a strong health system can decrease the risk of health attack and lessen the impact of Ebola.

　　5．What is the function of the first paragraph in the whole passage?

　　A．To arouse the reader’s concern.

　　B．To summarize the whole passage.

　　C．To give a detailed description of Ebola.

　　D．To introduce the theme of the whole passage.

　　6．What can we infer about the Ebola virus?

　　A．It has caused a panic in many countries.

　　B．It is the most dangerous virus in the world.

　　C．A strong health system is important to fight against Ebola.

　　D．Anyone who was infected Ebola will die.

　　7．Paragraph 3 mainly tells us

　　.

　　A．what the Ebola virus is

　　B．how the Ebola virus spreads

　　C．how the Ebola virus is treated

　　D．how the Ebola virus affects the life

　　8．Which of the following is TRUE?

　　A．There are no effective drugs to treat Ebola by far.

　　B．Ebola is now very common in Guinea.

　　C．Those with a fever must be infected by Ebola.

　　D．Females are easier to be infected by Ebola.

　　Ⅱ.七选五

　　Have you ever studied a subject or brainstormed an idea，only to find yourself with pages of information，but no clear view of how it fits together? This is where Mind Mapping can help you.

　　Mind Mapping is a useful technique that helps you learn more effectively，improves the way that you record information，and supports and enhances creative problem solving.By using Mind Maps，you can quickly identify and understand the structure of a subject.You can see the way that pieces of information fit together，as well as recording the raw facts contained in normal notes.

　　9

　　，as they help your mind recall and review.

　　Popularized by Tony Buzan，Mind Maps abandon the list format of conventional note­taking.They do this in favor of a two­dimensional structure.A good Mind Map shows the “shape” of the subject，the relative importance of individual points，and the way in which facts relate to one another.

　　10

　　：

　　1．Write the title of the subject you’re exploring in the center of the page，and draw a circle around it.

　　2．As you come across major subdivisions or subheadings of the topic (or important facts that relate to the subject) draw lines out from this circle.Label these lines with these subdivisions or subheadings.

　　3．As you “burrow” into (挖掘) the subject and uncover another level of information (further subheadings，or individual facts) belonging to the subheadings，draw these as lines linked to the subheading lines.

　　4．

　　11

　　.

　　5．As you come across new information，link it in to the Mind Map appropriately.

　　12

　　.Sub­topics and facts will branch off these，like branches and twigs from the trunk of a tree.You don’t need to worry about the structure you produce，as this will evolve of its own accord.

　　13

　　.If you do any form of research or note­taking，try experimenting with Mind Maps.You will find them surprisingly effective!

　　A．To draw a Mind Map，follow these steps

　　B．Mind Mapping is an extremely effective method of taking notes

　　C．They help you to associate ideas and make connections that you might not otherwise make

　　D．A complete Mind Map may have main topic lines radiating in all directions from the center

　　E．Then，for individual facts or ideas，draw lines out from the appropriate heading line and label them

　　F．More than this，Mind Maps help you remember information

　　G．When created using colors and images or drawings，a Mind Map can even resemble a work of art

　　加练半小时　英语答案精析

　　第19练　健康与医疗类(一)

　　高考高频单词与短语识记排查

　　1．healthy　2.injured　3.harmful　4.mentally　5.recovery

　　6．in　7.on　8.from　9.under　10.about

　　阅读能力专练

　　Ⅰ.1.C　[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“We are likely to have more greenhouse gas in the future from agriculture than that coming out of all forms of transportation right now.”(在将来农业产生的温室气体可能会比现在各种车辆产生的温室气体要多。)可知答案为C项。]

　　2．A　[细节理解题。根据最后一段“Mr.Tilman calls the link between diet，the environment and human health...”可知Tilman先生认为饮食、环境及人类健康之间是密切相关的。故答案为A项。]

　　3．D　[推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“...as nations industrialized(工业化)，...more people began to adopt what has been called the Western diet.”可知，工业化导致了西方饮食习惯的泛滥。故答案为D项。]

　　4．C　[写作意图题。根据最后一段最后一句“He says one possible solution is leaving the Western diet behind.”可知作者写这篇文章的目的是让人们摒弃西方饮食习惯。故答案为C项。]

　　5．A　[篇章结构题。通读第一段可知该段主要告诉我们埃博拉病毒传播之迅速、后果之严重，目的就是为了引起读者的关注。故选A。]

　　6．C　[推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“For every country，a strong health system can decrease the risk of health attack and lessen the impact of Ebola.”可知选C。]

　　7．B　[段落大意题。通读第三段可知该段主要告诉我们埃博拉病毒是如何进行传播的。故选B。]

　　8．A　[细节理解题。根据文章第四段最后一句“The fact that there is no cure for the Ebola virus is what makes the outbreak a challenging one to control.”可知至今仍没有有效药物治愈埃博拉病毒。故选A。]

　　Ⅱ.9.F　10.A　11.E　12.D　13.B