运用 填入一个恰当的词或完成句子。 ⑴ Your explanation was really a puzzle __ me.
⑵ His recent behavior_________ (使我困惑).
to
puzzles me
原句
They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space. 他们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中, 这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。(B3 P26) 4. prevent /stop /keep...from
阻止/防止……做/发生…… 提示
在主动语态的句子中, stop和 prevent后的from可省略, 但keep后的from不能省略; 在被动语态中, 此三个短语中的from 均不可省略。 比较
protect ...from ... 保护……不受…… 例句
The farmer built a wall to prevent his chickens from running out. 那个农民建了围墙来防止鸡跑出去。 运用
根据汉语提示完成句子。 ⑴上涨的河水使我们过不了河。 The rising water _________________ _________________ .
⑵人们采取行动来防止环境的恶化。 People took measures ___________ _______________________________. prevented us from crossing the river to prevent the environment from getting worse 原句
Walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed. 重力改变了, 看来走路也的确需要练一练了。(B3 P31) 5. now that 由于; 既然 例句
Now that you are a student, you must obey school rules. 既然你是学生, 你必须遵守学校的规则。 运用
既然已完成了工作, 你就应该好好休息。 You ought to have a good rest _______ ________________________________ . now that/as you have finished the work since/ 原句
They were followed in time by land animals 陆栖动物及时来到陆地。(B3 P26) 例句
The man in time caught the bag falling from upstairs. 那个人及时接住了从楼上掉下来的包。 6. in time 及时(=not late)；终于；迟早(eventually； finally；sooner or later) 翻译
你迟早会习惯这个工作的。 You’ll get used to the work in time. 7. give birth to 产生；分娩；引起；造成
例句
They gave birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them.它们能产出幼仔并给幼仔哺乳。
运用
根据汉语意思完成英文句子。 ⑴She ___________________________ (生了一个健康男婴)last night.
⑵ 这段奇特的经历促成了他的最新一部小说的诞生。 The extraordinary experience_________ ___________________. to his latest novel
gave birth to a healthy baby boy gave birth 8. in one’s turn 轮到某人; 接着
例句
Thus they have, in their turn, become the most important animals on the planet.于是，他们接着成为了这个行星上最重要的动物。
联想
It’s sb.’s turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事 翻译
将下列句子译成英文。 ⑴ 轮到我的时候,我给他们讲了一个笑话。
⑵ 轮到你看医生啦。
It’s your turn to see the doctor. In my turn, I told them a joke. 9. cheer up (使)感到高兴；感到振奋
例句
I cheered up immediately… 我立刻感到高兴起来…… 运用
根据汉语意思完成英文句子。 ⑴ The news______________(使他高兴起来).
⑵
振作起来!我们的困难很快就会过去。
_________! Our troubles will soon be over. Cheer up cheered him up 10. watch out 注意,当心(单独用于祈使句)
watch out for 密切注意，提防
运用
根据汉语意思完成英文句子。 ⑴ 当心，别把桌子上的纸弄脏了。
__________! Don’t dirty the paper on the desk.
⑵ 我们必须提防公共汽车上的小偷。 We must_____________________ on the bus. watch out for the thieves Watch out 写作句型仿写 原句
It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life. 水对于生命的发展会起关键作用, 这一点在当时并不明显。(B3 P26) 1. It is obvious that... 显然…… 例句
It was obvious that he had been late for school again. 很明显他又迟到了。 同义
obviously/apparently, … /It is quite clear that... 仿写
很显然他没有成功。
It is obvious that he hasn’t been successful.
原句
This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop. 这就产生了一系列的反应, 使得生命就有可能开始发展了。(B3 P26) 2. make it + adj. + for sb. to do使某人做某事…… 例句
The present situation makes it difficult for us to accomplish the task on time. 目前的情况使我们很难按时完成任务。 说明
it是形式宾语, 后面的to do才是真正的宾语。 仿写
这本字典使我学习英语容易多了。
The dictionary ________________ ___________________ English. makes it much easier for me to learn 原句
When we get closer to the moon, we shall feel its gravity pulling us, but it will not be as strong a pull as the earth’s. 当我们更接近月球时, 就会感到月球的引力在拉我们。但是, 月球的引力不像地球的引力那么大。(B3 P31) 3. be not as…as…不如／不像…… 例句 Your composition is not as interesting as mine. 你的作文不如我的作文有趣。 仿写
这本书没有你写的那本难。 This book ________________________ ____________________ .
is not as difficult as the
one that you wrote 原句
Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved 生命在地球上是否延续数百万年将取决于这个问题能否解决。(B3 P26)
4. whether ... depend on whether ...
某事是否发生取决于是否…… 例句
Whether we will have a picnic depends on whether it is fine tomorrow. 我们明天是否进行野炊取决于明天是否天晴。 仿写
我是否嫁给他取决于他是否爱我。 __________________________ depends on whether he loves me. Whether I will marry him 原句
As a result of this, many scientists believe the earth may become too hot to live on. 许多科学家相信这些活动的结果使得地球变得太热而不能居住。(B3 P26) 5. too... to …
太……而不能…… 例句
The room is too dark to have a meeting in. 房间太暗了而开不了会。
说明
例句中的主语the room为have a meeting in 的逻辑宾语, 所以介词in 不能省略。 仿写
他太不诚实而不能交朋友。 He is ______________________________ .
too dishonest to make friends with 难句结构分析 原句
So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved. 所以，在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续取决于这个问题能否得到解决。(P26 B3) 分析
句中whether…years to come是一个_____从句，其中to come是不定式作定语，修饰millions of years，意为“在接下来的数百万年里”；will depend on是主句的谓语，其后的whether…be solved是____ 从句，注意在介词后引导宾语从句，表示“是否”，只能用whether而不用if。 宾语 主语 Thank You ! 话题14
航天科技
基础知识自测 一、单词拼写
1. __________ n. 气候 2. __________ n. 生物学家 3. __________ n. 万有引力；重力 4. __________ n. 链子；连锁；锁链 5. __________ n. 卫星；人造卫星 satellite
climate biologist gravity chain 6. _________ n. 球体；地球仪；地球 7. ______________ n. 大气层；气氛 8. __________ v. 乘；增加 9. ________ v. 碰撞；坠落 10. _______ vt.& n. 拉(力)；拖；牵 pull
globe atmosphere multiply crash 11. _________ v.(使)浮动
n. 漂浮物 12. _________ adj. 温和的；文雅的 13. _________ adv. 因此；于是 14. _________ n. 原子 15. _________ n. 氧 oxygen float gentle thus atom 1. ____________ n. 系统; 体系; 制度
______________ adj. 系统的; 有系统的
______________ adv. 系统地; 有系统地 systematically system systematic (al) 二、单词拓展
(A)单词派生 2. _________ n. 谜; 难题 v.(使)迷惑
__________ adj. 困惑的
___________ adj. 令人困惑的
3. _________ vi. 存在；生存
__________ adj. 存在的；生存的
___________ n. 存在；生存 existence puzzle puzzled puzzling exist existent 4. _________ n. 暴力; 猛烈
_________ adj. 暴力的; 猛烈的
_________ adv. 粗暴地; 猛烈地
5. ____________________ n. 基础
_____________ adj. 基本的; 基础的
______________ adv. 根本地; 从根本上 fundamentally violence violent violently foundation/fundament fundamental 6. ___________ n.& vt.伤害；损害
___________ adj.有害的
___________ adj.无害的 harm harmful harmless 1. Playing computer games for a long time is very_________ (harm) to our health.
作表语用形容词, be harmful to 对…有害。
2. Their untrue comments __________ (violence) hurt the feeling of Chinese people.
(B) 灵活运用
harmful violently 作状语用副词 3. His answer to the question sounds _______ (puzzle) and we are all ______ (puzzle) a lot. 位于系动词后作表语用形容词,前者表示“令人困惑的”, 后者表示“感到困惑的”。
puzzling puzzled 4. As far as I am concerned, strong will, diligence, and devotion as well as perseverance are four __________ (fundament) factors contributing to success.
5. Few people understand that the _________ (exist) of rare animals is closely related to our life. 作从句的主语
fundamental
existence 作定语用形容词 1. ____________下蛋 2. ____________挡住(光钱) 3. ____________感到高兴; 感到振奋 4. ____________突发; 爆发 三、短语翻译 break out
lay eggs block out cheer up 5. ________________密切注视; 当心; 提防
6. ________________阻止; 制止
7. ______________产生; 分娩
8. ______________及时 in time
watch out (for)
prevent ...from give birth to 9. ______________ 轮到某人；接着
10. ______________既然
11. ______________依靠
12. ______________结果 as a result in one’s turn now that depend on 四、课文回顾
No one knows exactly how the earth began. However, according to a widely accepted theory, it began 1______ a “Big Bang”. Then the earth exploded loudly and produced water vapor and many gases, 2_______ (make) the earth’s atmosphere. And then as the earth cooled down, water appeared and stayed 3___ the surface.
with
making
on
It was the presence of water 4____ allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas, 5 ______ made it possible for life to develop. And the 6____________ (appear) of small plants encouraged the development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish. Next, green plants began to grow on land. 7_____ were followed by land animals. Later, reptiles appeared for the first time, after which dinosaurs developed.
that
which
appearance
They
However, they suddenly 8__________ (appear). Therefore, mammals rose on the earth. Finally, humans appeared and spread all over the earth. However, they are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, making the earth too hot to live on. So 9_______ life will continue on the earth will depend on whether this problem can 10_______ (solve).
disappeared
whether
be solved
五、语段改错
According to a wide accepted theory, the
universe began with a “Big Bang” that threw
matter in all direction. For several billions years
after the “Big Bang”, earth was still just a cloud of dust.
widely directions billion the What it was to become was certain until between
4.5 and 3.8 billion years before when the dust
settled into a solid globe. The earth became so
violently that it was not clear whether the shape
would be last or not.
uncertain ago violent It exploded loudly with fire and rock. They
were on time to produce carbon, nitrogen,
water vapor and other gases, that were to
make the earth’s atmosphere.
which in time 1. wide→ widely
用副词修饰过去分词accepted(被接受的)。 2. direction→ directions
受all修饰，应用复数。 3. billions→ billion
因billion, million, thousand, hundred等前面有数词或few, several时，不用复数。 4. 在earth前加the
独一无二事物前要加the。
5. certain→ uncertain
它会变成什么“不能确定”。 6. before→ ago
指离现在多久以前，用ago。
7. violently→ violent
在became后作表语，要用形容词。 8. 去掉last前的be
因last(持续，维持)是不及物动词，有了动词后，若不是进行时态或被动语态，不用be。
8. on time→ in time
表示“及时做某事”是in time to do sth.，而on time是“按时”。 9. that→ which
引导非限制性定语从句用which。 重点词汇讲练 1. unlike prep. 不同; 不像（not like; not typical of）
例句
Water had also appeared on other planets like Mars but, unlike the earth, it had disappeared later. 水在其他星球上也出现过，如在火星上就出现过，但和地球不同的是，这些水后来都消失了。 转化
unlike adj. 不同的; 不相似的
反义
like prep. 像；同……一样
like adj. 相似的；同样的
运用
根据汉语意思完成英文句子。 她不像她妈妈；她很高，而她妈妈很矮。 ______________________; she is tall while her mother is very short. She is unlike her mother 2. harmful adj. 有害的, 伤害的
例句
…the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. ……由于地球上长期有水的存在，使地球能够把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。 be harmful to 对……有害
do harm to sb. = do sb. harm 对某人有害处 搭配 运用
填入一个适当的词或用所给词的正确形式填空。
As we all know, smoking is_______ (harm) to our health. That’s to say，it does harm __ our health. Therefore, we shouldn’t smoke but to do something _________ (harm) to our health. harmless
harmful to 原句
How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve. 生命是如何起源的这个问题是科学家很难解答的最大困惑之一。(B3 P27) 3. puzzle n. 谜; 难题 v. (使)迷惑; (使)为难 例句
How he passed the exam is still a puzzle to us. 他如何通过考试的对我们来说还是一个谜。 搭配 be puzzled by 被……迷惑
be a puzzle to sb.
对某人来说是个谜/ 困惑
be／feel puzzled about 对……感到困惑