高二英语同步精品 必修
Unit
一、重点词汇
考点1.【教材原句】You’ll find your colleague very eager to assist you, so you may be able to concentrate on photography later if you’re interested. 你将发现你的同事们会热情地帮助你,所以如果你对摄影感兴趣,以后你可以集中精力去钻研。
eager adj. 渴望的;热切的
【归纳】【归纳】’s attention _____把某人的注意力集中在…上
concentrate _____集中,全神贯注于
“集中某人的注意力于…”:
fix/ focus one’s attention ____
pay one’s attention ____
be devoted ____
put one’s heart ____
be absorbed ____
考点3.【教材原句】Only if you ask many different questions will you acquire all the information you need to know. 你只有提出许多不同的问题,才能获得你需要知道的所有信息。
acquire vt. ___________________
【归纳】“nose” for a story. That means you must be able to assess when people are not telling the whole truth and then try to discover it. 我们说,一个好的记者必须具备对资讯非常敏锐的“嗅觉”。那就是说,在人们没有说出全部真相时,你必须能够判断出,并努力发现真相。
assess vt. 评估,评定
【归纳】…的机会/权利;方法;通路v.使用;存取;接近
考点5.【教材原句】They must use research to inform themselves of the missing parts of the story. 他们(记者)必须通过调查研究来使自己了解资讯中被遗漏的那部分情况。
inform vt. 告知,通知
【归纳】
…
inform__________________了解/熟悉某事物
________________________随时告知某人某事
→____________
n.消息,情报;资料
→____________ adj.了解情况的;消息灵通的
考点6.【教材原句】Meanwhile you have to prepare the next question depending on what the person says.
同时,你还要根据被采访人所说的话准备下一个问题。
meanwhile
adv. 其间;同时; & n.
【归纳】【归纳】…) _________________
考点8.accuse vt. 指责;谴责;控告
【归纳】…____ (doing) sth
charge(指控)…____ (doing) sth
blame(责备)…_____(doing) sth
考点9.【教材原句】So we wrote an article suggesting he was guilty. It was a dilemma because the footballer could have demanded damages if we were wrong. 所以我们写了一篇文章,暗示他有罪。这陷入了一个窘境,因为如果我们错了,这位足球运动员就可以向我们索要赔偿。
demand vt. & n.
【归纳】…
It is demanded + that clause[主语+_____________] 要求…
___________ one’s demands 满足某人的要求
_____ (great) demand
考点10.【教材原句】The first person who saw his article was a senior editor from his department. 第一个看他这篇文章的是他们部里的一位审编。
senior adj. 年长的;高年级的;高级的;级别(或地位)高的 & n. [c]较某人年长得人;上级;上司
【归纳】…Zhou Yang also took a copy to the native speaker employed by the newspaper to polish the style.… 周阳也拿了一份稿子给了一位母语为英语的外国雇员,请她对报道的语言风格进行润色。
polish v. ________________________
【归纳】【归纳】→ __________ n.赞同,同意;批准,通过
approve ____ sth 同意/赞同某事
approve ____ one’s doing sth同意/赞同某人做某事
考点13.【教材原句】All the information was then ready to be processed into film negatives.
所有要被制成胶片的报道材料都准备好了。
process vt. 加工;处理(文件、信息等)& n.过程;程序;步骤
→ _________ n.加工者;处理者
【归纳】…过程中
____________在进行中
________________被制成
二、重点短语
考点1.have a good “nose” for善于发现…;对…很敏感
【教材原句】We say a good journalist must have a good “nose” for a story. That means you must be able to assess when people are not telling the whole truth and then try to discover it. 我们说,一个好的记者必须具备对资讯非常敏锐的“嗅觉”。那就是说,在人们没有说出全部真相时,你必须能够判断出,并努力发现真相。
【归纳】“nose” ____善于发现…;对…很敏感
have an eye ____对…有鉴赏力/识别力/眼力
have an ear ____(对音乐等)有鉴别力
考点2.depend on取决于…,视…而定(不用于进行时态);依赖,依靠,指望
【教材原句】Meanwhile you have to prepare the next question depending on what the person says. 同时,你还要根据被采访人所说的话准备下一个问题。
【归纳】…for sth ________________
depend on…to do/ doing sth ________________
depend on ____ + that-clause(depend on不能直接跟宾语从句,须先接形式宾语it,然后再接真正的宾语从句。须这样用的还有see to,answer for,rely on,insist on,stick to等)
考点3.ahead of在…前面;早于,提前;领先,胜过
【教材原句】We need it in this edition to be ahead of the other newspapers. 我们这一版就要用,这样我们就抢在其他报纸的前面了。
【归纳】
’re delighted you _____________ to work with us. 非常高兴你来和我们一起工作。
【句法分析】某些表示位移(即位置移动)的动词,如leave, arrive, reach, get (to), return, come, go, start, move, sail, stay, fly等可用进行时态表示将来的动作。
考点2.先行词为抽象地点的定语从句
【教材原句】I see! Have you ever had a case _________ someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick? 我明白了!你有没有过这样的情况:有人控告你的记者,说他们的报道失实?
【句法分析】
where…the stick为定语从句,修饰先行词a case, where在从句中作状语,相当于in which.
高考试题中对where引导定语从句的考查日趋复杂,先行词从“明显的地点”转为“模糊的或抽象的地点”。当先行词为case(情况),situation(情况、形势),position(位置、职位),condition(情形,条件),point(境地),stage(境地,阶段)等词,并且所需关系词在从句作状语时,常用where或介词+which来引导定语从句。
语法讲解
倒装
英语句子的自然语序是主语在前,谓语动词在后,如果将谓语动词的全部或一部分放在主语之前,就叫“倒装结构”。如果全部谓语放在主语之前,叫“全部倒装”;如果只把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前,就叫“部分倒装”。
一、全部倒装
用法 例句
为了使某种情景表达得生动形象,在以in, out, up, down, away, off, over, back, next等副词作状语并置于句首,谓语动词是come, go, rush, run等不及物动词,主语是名词时句子用完全倒装;若主语为人称代词,则用陈述语序。 Out rushed the students the moment the bell rang.铃一响学生们就冲了出去。
Up jumped the cat and caught the mouse.猫跳上去抓住了老鼠。
there, here, now, then引导的句子及there / here, be(exist, etc.)引导表“存在”的句子,主语是名词时用完全倒装;若主语为人称代词,则用陈述语序。 There goes the bell and class is over.铃响了,下课了。
Now comes your turn. 现在轮到你了。
表示“地点”的词语置于句首或强调“地点”概念同时主语是名词时用完全倒装。此时应特别注意主谓一致问题,句中谓语动词常为sit, stand, lie等不及物动词。 Between the two buildings stands a tall tree.在两座大楼之间有棵大树。
On the ground lay a sick goat.地上躺着一只生病的山羊。
“作表语的现在分词/过去分词/形容词+系动词+主语”结构须用完全倒装。 Gone are the days when women were looked down upon. 妇女受歧视的年代一去不复返了。
Present at the meeting was Mr Liu, who taught us English. 刘老师出席了会议,他教我们英语。
二、部分倒装
1. only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句并置于句首时,引起主句部分倒装。
Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work. 直到1918年战争结束后,他才能愉快地重新投身于工作。
【注意】①only修饰的状语,如不位于句首,则不用倒装。
The aim will be achieved only after a bitter struggle. 只有经过艰苦的奋斗,目标才能达到。
②only修饰状语从句时,从句不可倒装。
Only when did he return did we find out the truth. (×)
Only when he returned did we find out the truth.(√ )
③only修饰主语时,句子不可倒装。
Only can he answer the question. (×)
Only he can answer the question. (√ )
2. 具有否定意义或半否定意义的副词以及含有否定词的介词短语、连词固定搭配置于句首时,需用部分倒装。
①常见的否定或半否定的副词有:never, seldom, little(少), hardly, nowhere, rarely, scarcely, not等。
Never before has the city been in greater need of modern public transport than it is today. 这个城市以前从来没有像今天这样需要现代化的公共交通设施。
②常见否定的介词短语有:at no time(从来没有),by no means(决不),in no case(决不),under no circumstances(在任何情况下都不)等。
By no means will this method be effective. 这种方法绝对没有效。
Under no circumstances can we do something that can do bad to our school.
我们决不做有损于学校利益的事。
③常见的否定连词有:neither…nor…, not only…but also…, no sooner… than…, hardly….when…, scarcely… when…, not… until…等。
Neither do I know it, nor do I care about it.我不知道这事,我也不关心。
Not only should we not be afraid of difficulties, but also we should try our best to overcome them.
我们不仅不应该害怕困难,还应该尽全力克服它们。
Not until I
did I realize the importance of study. 直到我,我才意识到。
3. 倒装句的两个固定句型:
① so + be / have / 助动词/情态动词+主语:……也是如此
② neither / nor + be / have / 助动词/情态动词+主语:……也不这样
—Mary can speak good Chinese.
玛丽汉语说得很好。
—So can her mother.
她妈妈也是。
—I saw the film last week.
我上周看过这部电影。
—So did he. 他也是。
—Li Ping isn’t good at English. 李平英语不好。
—Neither / Nor am I. 我也是。
After that we never saw her again, nor did we hear from her. 从那以后我们再也没见过她,也没收到她的来信。
【注意】①“so+助动词+主语”和“so+主语+助动词”的区别:前者表示一个人或一件事情的情况也适用于另一个或事;而后者却表示“某人/物的确如此”,同意某人观点。
—Lucy works hard. 露西工作很努力。
—So she does and so do you. 她的确如此,你也是。
② 若前面含有两种以上,如既有实义动词又有情态动词,或既有肯定又有否定的情况,上述两种句型则用It is / was the same with…或So it is / was with…句型。
—He came late for school, but he was not punished.他上学迟到了,但未受到惩罚。
—So it was with me. / It was the same with me. 我也是。
4. so / such…that… 结果状语从句中,so / such 连同它们所修饰的成分位于句首加强语气时,主句用部分倒装,that从句不倒装。
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move any further. 他受到如此的惊吓,以致不敢往前走了。
。
5. if 引导的虚拟条件句,当if被省略后,要将从句中的were, had, should置于句首,构成倒装结构。
Were he here, he could settle the issue. 如果他在这儿,他就可以解决这个问题。