2017年高考英语精品课堂基础版之重点讲解：专题01《great scientist》（新人教版必修5原卷版）

　　高二英语同步精品 必修　

　　Unit

　　一、重点词汇

　　考点1．【教材原句】John Snow defeats “king cholera”.

　　约翰.诺斯战胜了“霍乱王”。

　　defeat vt.战胜，打败；（使）受挫；n.失败；击败

　　【例句研读】I never consider the possibility of defeat.

　　我从未考虑有的可能性.【归纳】【归纳】’t wait to ______ the game.

　　(6)I didn’t ______ the meeting yesterday, or I would have ______ the discussion.

　　(7)Please ______ us ______our game.

　　考点3．【教材原句】But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.但当他一想到帮助那些得了霍乱的普通百姓时，他就感到很振奋。

　　expose

　　vt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光；使接触；使体验

　　【归纳拓展】

　　expose…to…使…暴露于…；使遭受；使冒…险

　　be exposed to…暴露于…；接触…

　　【例句研读】

　　(1)Don’t expose babies to strong sunlight.

　　不要让婴儿______________________。

　　(2)Wounds that are exposed to the air heal more quickly.

　　伤口 ________ 在空气中愈合得更快。

　　(3)Potatoes turn green when exposed to light.

　　马铃薯 _________________ 会变绿。

　　【即时巩固】

　　Children ______ to difficult situations are better at handling those challenges.

　　______ to the sunlight for too long will do harm to your skin.

　　The water companies were instructed to keep the people from ______ to the polluted water.

　　考点4．【教材原句】Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. 人们既不知道它的病源，一步了解它的治疗方法。

　　cure n.治愈；痊愈； v.治愈（某人）；解决（问题）

　　【例句研读】’t a cure for crime.

　　许多人认为监禁并不是 ________ 犯罪的良方。

　　(3)The doctor cured him of his illness.

　　医生 ________ 他的病。

　　【归纳】…治愈…

　　cure sb of sth治好某人的…病

　　辨析cure与treat

　　易混词 辨析 搭配 一言辨异

　　cure 强调“结果”，即“治愈” cure sb of sth The doctor treated her headache with a new medicine, but didn’t cure her.医生用一种新药为她治头疼，但没有把她治好。

　　treat 强调“过程”，即“治疗” treat sb for sth

　　宾语结构为sb of sth的常见动词有：

　　warn sb of sth警告某人某事 rob sb of sth抢劫某人的某物inform sb of sth通知某人某事 rid sb of sth使某人摆脱某事 cure sb of sth治愈某人的某种疾病 convince sb of sth说服某人某事 cheat sb of sth欺骗某人某事accuse sb of sth指控某人某事 remind sb of sth使某人想起某事；提醒某人某事 suspect sb of sth怀疑某人做过某事

　　【即时巩固】

　　——Your son is naughty.

　　——Eh, and in addition, he has got into some bad habits. I think I should cure him ______ them.

　　They haven’t found a cure ______ cancer.

　　考点5．【教材原句】The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air.第一种看法时霍乱病毒在空气中繁殖。

　　suggest v.暗示，表明；提议，建议

　　【例句研读】

　　Her face suggests that she’s bored.

　　她的表情 ________ 她厌烦了。

　　I suggest going in my car.

　　我 ________ 坐我的车去。

　　I suggest (that) we (should) go out to eat.

　　我 ________ 我们出去吃饭吧。

　　【归纳】

　　’s/one）doing sth

　　【即时巩固】

　　(1) Jane’s pale face suggested that she _____ ill, and her parents suggested that she _____ a medical examination. (S94)

　　A. be, should have

　　B. was, have

　　C. should be, had

　　D. was, has

　　(2) I insist that a doctor _____ immediately.(M88)

　　A. has been sent for

　　B. sends for

　　C. will be sent for

　　D. be sent for

　　考点6．【教材原句】The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.

　　第二种看法时人们在吃饭的时候把这种病毒带入体内。

　　absorb v. 吸收；吸引，使专心，使全神贯注

　　【例句研读】【归纳】’s heart into, focus/concentrate on, be lost in, be deep in, devote oneself to

　　【即时巩固】

　　_______________(专注于)his writing, the writer forgot to flick the ashes from his cigar.

　　考点7．【教材原句】John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence.

　　约翰.斯诺认为第二种看法时正确的，但他需要证据。

　　suspect v.认为；怀疑； n.嫌疑犯

　　【归纳】…怀疑某人…

　　suspect sb of (doing) sth怀疑某人（做过）某事

　　suspect that…怀疑…

　　【例句研读】

　　…归咎于& n.过失；责备

　　【归纳】…on把…归咎于

　　be to blame (for)（因…）应受谴责，（因…）应负责任（主动表被动）

　　bear/ take the blame for 对…负责

　　put/ place/ lay the blame for sth on sb将某事归咎于某人

　　【例句研读】’t blame anyone for her father’s death.

　　她没把她父亲的死 ________ 任何人。

　　The police are blaming the accident on dangerous driving.

　　警方把事故 ________ 危险驾驶。

　　Which driver was to blame for the accident?

　　哪个司机是此次事故的 ________ ？

　　If that happens, the coach will take the blame for it.

　　如果发生那样的事，教练将 ________ 。

　　They placed the blame on the doctor.

　　他们将责任 ________ 这个医生。

　　【即时巩固】

　　（2006安徽高考）Mr Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one ______.

　　blamed

　　B.blaming

　　C.to blame

　　D.to be blamed

　　考点9．【教材原句】The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more.

　　自来水公司接到指令，不能再让人们接触被污染的水了。

　　instruct vt.命令；指示；教导

　　【归纳】【例句研读】【归纳】…in force使…生效

　　put…into practice实施，实行

　　put off推迟

　　put on穿上；上演；假装

　　put out扑灭；生产

　　put up举起；搭建；张贴；留…住宿

　　put up with容忍

　　put aside把…撇开不理，不考虑

　　【即时巩固】

　　——Why is he feeling down today?

　　——Because the suggestion he ____ has been turned down.

　　A.put away

　　B.put up

　　C.put down

　　D.put forward

　　(2)Our sports meeting has been ______ till next month because of the bad weather.

　　(3)They ______ a notice there, saying,揔eep off the grass.?(4)The fire was ______ finally with the help of the firefighter.

　　(5)How can you ______ such a rude person for so long a time?

　　(6)The students have ______ a series of questions.

　　ca考点2．Draw a conclusion得出结论

　　【归纳】…结束（某事）

　　conclude…from…从…中推断出…

　　to conclude=in conclusion总之

　　【例句研读】

　　(1)From the evidence I must conclude that you are wrong.

　　从证据看，我敢 ________ 你错了。

　　(2)The evening concluded with dinner and speeches.

　　这个夜晚在宴会和讲话中 ________ 。

　　(3)What can we conclude from this debate?

　　从这场辩论中我们能得出什么 ________ ？

　　(4)To conclude, it was a great success.

　　________ ，这是个很大的成功。

　　【即时巩固】

　　We ________________（得出结论）the room must be empty.

　　_________ can we _______(得出什么结论)from the passage?

　　_____________(总之，最后)，these days a college degree does not automatically lead to a good job with a high salary.

　　The speaker _________________________ (用…结束了他的演讲)a famous saying.

　　考点3．lead to 导致；引起；通往

　　【教材原句】Although he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion: that the earth was not the center of the solar system.虽然他曾经试着不去理睬那些数字， 然而他所有的数学计算都得出一个结论：地球不是太阳系的中心。

　　【例句研读】【归纳】’t talk much, but what he says makes sense.他话不多，但言之 ________ 。

　　(2)This sentence doesn’t make any sense.=This sentence makes no sense.这个句子完全 ________ 。

　　(3)Can you make any sense of this article?你能 ________ 这篇文章吗？

　　(4)There is no sense in worrying about the past.为过去的事情担忧 __________ 。

　　(5)In no sense will he give up.他 ________ 放弃。

　　【归纳】’t say any more; we all believe the facts rather than your words. What you have explained doesn’t make _______.

　　meaning

　　B.use

　　C.fun

　　D.sense

　　三、经典句型

　　考点1．“Only+状语”位于句首，句子或主句要用部分倒装语序

　　【教材原句】Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.

　　只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能讲得通。

　　【句法分析】“Only+状语”位于句首，句子或主句要用倒装语序。

　　【例句研读】

　　(1)Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work.

　　直到1918年战争结束后，他才能愉快地重新投身于工作。

　　【归纳】

　　only修饰的状语，如不位于句首，则不用倒装。

　　The aim will be achieved only after a bitter struggle. 只有经过艰苦的奋斗，目标才能达到。

　　only修饰状语从句时，从句不可倒装。

　　Only when did he return did we find out the truth. (×)

　　Only when he returned did we find out the truth.(√ )

　　only修饰主语时，句子不可倒装。

　　Only can he answer the question. (×)

　　Only he can answer the question. (√ )…就好了”，常引导虚拟语气的条件句、感叹句 If only I had another chance.要是我再有一次机会就好了。

　　【即时巩固】

　　（2017江西高考）Only when he apologizes for his rudeness ______to him again.

　　I will speak

　　B.will I speak

　　C.do I speak

　　D.I speak

　　(2) Only in this way _________ progress in your English. (N84)

　　A. you make

　　B. can you make

　　C. you be able to make

　　D. will you able to make

　　(3)It was announced that only when the fire was under control _______ to return to their homes.

　　A. the residents would be permitted

　　B. had the residents been permitted

　　C. would the residents be permitted

　　D. the residents had been permitted(江西08)

　　(4)Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent _______properly in this hospital.（2017全国）

　　A. can be the patients treated  

　　 B. can the patients be treated

　　C. the patients can be treated  

　　D. treated can be the patients

　　考点2．“介词+关系代词which/whom”引导定语从句

　　【教材原句】Yet Copernicus’ theory is now the basis on which all our ideas of the universe are built.

　　然而，哥白尼的理论在现在却是我们的宇宙观赖以建立的基础。

　　【句法分析】on which…built为定语从句，修饰先行词the basis.

　　【考点聚焦】“介词+关系代词which/whom”引导定语从句，主要考查“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时介词的选择。

　　【归纳】单个的过去分词作定语，通常放在被修饰词之前。

　　I bought some painted chairs. 我买了几把刷好漆的椅子。

　　过去分词短语作定语，通常放在被修饰词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。

　　Most of the people invited to the party didn’t come.

　　=Most of the people who were invited to the party didn’t come.

　　被邀请参加聚会的人多数没有来。

　　学法点拨：有些单个的过去分词，在习惯上往往放在被修饰词的后面。

　　There is little time left. Let’s hurry up. 剩余的时间不多了，我们抓紧吧。

　　过去分词修饰代词时，应置于被修饰词之后。

　　He is one of those invited.他是那些被邀请的人之一。

　　有些过去分词作定语，前置和后置的意义不同。试比较：

　　This is a used car.这是一辆二手车。

　　The method used is very efficient.所用的这个方法很有效。

　　（2）过去分词作定语的意义

　　不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表示动作已完成，不表示被动意义；及物动词的过去分词作定语，表示被动意义或已完成的被动动作。

　　只表示完成，不表示被动

　　fallen leaves 落叶

　　the risen sun升起的太阳

　　表示被动

　　an honoured guest一位受尊敬的客人 deeply moved people深受感动的人们

　　表示被动和完成

　　the broken glass碎了的杯子

　　the question discussed yesterday昨天讨论的问题

　　（3）现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别

　　语态上不同：现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词多表示被动意义。

　　surprising news令人吃惊的消息

　　surprised listeners吃惊的听众

　　时间关系上不同：现在分词表示正在进行的动作，而过去分词表示已经完成的动作。

　　the changing world正在发生变化的世界

　　the changed world已经变化了的世界

　　2、过去分词作表语

　　（1）过去分词可放在连系动词be, get , feel, remain, seem, look, become等之后作表语，表示主语所处的状态。

　　He seemed quite delighted at the news.听到那个消息他似乎很高兴。

　　The door remained locked.门仍然锁着。

　　（2）过去分词作表语与用于被动语态的区别

　　“be+过去分词”表示状态时，是系表结构，此时分词通常已形容词化；表示动作时，是被动语态，且绝大多数被动结构中的动作执行者由介词by引出。

　　The book is well written.(系表结构，强调主语所处的状态)

　　这本书写得很好。

　　The book was written by a soldier.（被动语态，强调主语所承受的动作）

　　这本书写得很好。

　　（3）英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词，其现在分词表示主动意义，即“令人……的”，多用来修饰物；其过去分词含有被动意义，即“感到……的”，多用来修饰人、人的声音或表情等。常用的这类词有：

　　exciting令人激动的

　　astonishing令人惊讶的

　　excited激动的，兴奋的 astonished惊讶的

　　inspiring令人鼓舞的 disappointing令人失望的

　　inspired受鼓舞的 disappointed感到失望的

　　encouraging令人鼓舞的 interesting令人感兴趣的

　　encouraged受到鼓舞的 interested感兴趣的

　　frightening令人害怕的 moving感人的

　　frightened吓坏了的 moved受感动的

　　pleasing令人高兴的 shocking令人震惊的

　　pleased满意的 shocked感到震惊的

　　tiring令人劳累的 worrying令人担心的

　　tired感到劳累的 worried感到担心的

　　satisfying令人满意的 puzzling令人迷惑的

　　satisfied感到满意的 puzzled感到迷惑的

　　二、跟踪训练

　　1. I’m calling to enquire about the position ____in yesterday’s China Daily.（2010北京高考）

　　A. advertised

　　B. to be advertised

　　C. advertising

　　D. having advertised

　　The players ____from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.

　　（2011湖南高考）

　　A. selecting

　　B. to select

　　C. selected

　　D. having selected

　　3. You cannot accept an opinion ____to you unless it is based on facts.（2017湖南高考）

　　A. offering

　　B. to offer

　　C. having offered

　　D. offered

　　4. Tom sounds _____in the job very much, but I’m not sure whether he can manage it.

　　A. interested

　　B. interesting

　　C. interestingly

　　D. interestedly

　　5. If you are not satisfied with the price ________, we can still discuss it.

　　A. being offered

　　B. to offer

　　C. offering

　　D. offered

　　After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope____.

　　（2017山东高考）

　　A. providing

　　B. provided

　　C. having provided

　　D. provide

　　7. The island, ____to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to.（2011大纲全国卷）

　　A. joining

　　B. to join

　　C. joined

　　D. having joined

　　8. The ______glass was _____by John.

　　A. breaking; broken

　　B. breaking; breaking

　　C. broken; broken

　　D. broken; breaking

　　9. The _____expression on his face suggested that he was not able to work out the _____problem.

　　A. confused; confusing

　　B. confusing; confused

　　C. confused; confused

　　D. confusing; confusing

　　In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained _____abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.

　　（2010福建高考）

　　A. sticking

　　B. stuck

　　C. to be stuck

　　D. to have stuck