一、重点词汇
考点1．【教材原句】First aid is a temporary form of help given to someone who suddenly falls ill or gets injured before a doctor can be found. 急救就是在找到医生之前对突然生病或受伤的人提供的一种暂时的帮助。
aid n. & v..帮助；援助；资助
【归纳】’s aid帮某人的忙
in aid of 为了帮助
with the aid of 在…的帮助下
aid sb in (doing) sth帮助某人（做）某事
aid sb with sth在某方面帮助某人
aid sb to do sth帮助某人做某事
【例句研读】
(1)I’m collecting money in aid of starving children.
____________ 饥饿的孩子们，我正在募捐。
(1)为了帮助
(2)With the aid of our teachers, we learned how to perform first aid.
____________ ，我们学会了如何进行急救。
(2)在老师的帮助下
(3)They were accused of aiding him in his escape.
他们被控告 ____________ 。
(3)帮助他逃跑
【即时巩固】
When someone is hurt, __________（急救）should be immediately offered.
________________（借助于计算机）,he worked out the problem.
【答案】
(1)first aid
(2)With the aid of the computer
考点2．【教材原句】Often the illness or injury is not serious, but there are other times when giving first aid quickly can save lives. 经常这种病或伤势并不严重，但是在其他一些情形下迅速给予急救可能会挽救生命。
injury n.损伤，伤害
【例句研读】
The driver of the car received serious injuries to the legs and arms.
那位汽车司机的双腿和双臂 ____________ 。
(1)严重受伤
Don’t do that. You ‘ll do yourself an injury.
别那样做。你会 ____________ 。
(2)把你自己弄伤的
【归纳】
’s nothing serious.
harm
B.injury
C.ruin
D.damage
【答案】
D句意：这起事故对我的车造成了一些损坏，但是不太严重。根据句中but it’s nothing serious.可知汽车为部分功能的丧失，故选用damage（可以修复的损坏）。
考点3．【教材原句】You can get burned by a variety of things:hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation (by being close to high heat or fire, etc), the sun , electricity or chemicals. 你可能会被许多东西烧伤：灼热的液体、水蒸气、火、辐射（由于靠近高温或大火等）、太阳、电或化学物品。
variety n. 变化；多样（化）；多变（性）
【归纳】…to…由…到…不等；在…到…之间变动
vary with…随着…而变动
【例句研读】
There is a wide variety of patterns to choose from.
有 ____________ 图案可供选择。
(1)种类繁多的
All varieties of goods for daily use are available.
日用百货 ____________ 。
(2)一应俱全
【即时巩固】
Our company provides us with ___________ activities.
Our customs _____________ place _______ place.
He resigned for a(n) _______ of reasons.
various
B.different
C.variety
D.amount
【答案】
a wide variety of
(2)vary from; to
(3)C句意：他由于种种原因辞职了。 a variety of各种各样的；various许多；不同的，其后直接接名词；different不同的，其后接名词；an amount of许多，只能修饰不可数名词。
考点4．【教材原句】John used these to treat the most severe injuries to Ms Slade’s hands. 约翰就用这些东西把施耐德女士手上最严重的伤口包扎起来。
treat vt. & n.
【归纳】…like/ as像…对待…
【例句研读】
(He treated his wife badly.
他 _________ 他的妻子。
(虐待
(Margot was never treated with much respect.
玛格从未 ____________。
(受到多少尊重
(Don’t treat this serious matter as/like a joke.
不要把这件严肃的事情 ________ 笑料。
(当做
vt.治疗
treat sb for治疗某人的某种疾病
treat sb with用…治疗某人
【例句研读】
(Which doctor is treating you for your burns?
哪个大夫 ____________________？
(在给你治疗你的烧伤
(The doctor tried to treat his disease with music.
医生 ____________________。
(用音乐尽力地为他治病
vt.款待；n.款待；招待
treat sb/oneself to用…招待/款待某人/自己
my treat我来付钱，我请客（口语）
【例句研读】
(We’ll treat you to baked sweet potatoes.
我们会______________。
(请你吃烤地瓜
(I treat myself to a new dress.
我______________，买了一条新连衣裙。
(慰劳自己
(Steven took his son to a football match as a birthday treat.
史蒂文带儿子看了一场足球比赛，______________。
(作为生日的特别款待
④Let’s go out to lunch——(it’s) my treat.
我们出去吃午饭吧。——______________
④我请客。
【即时巩固】
（2011四川高考）All visitors to this village ______ with kindness.
treat
B.are treated
C.are treating
D.had been treated
(2)Hundreds waited at the hospital, where doctors were forced to ______ the injured in the open air because only one operating room is functioning.
treat
B.cure
C.deal
D.trade
【答案】
(1)B句意：所有来到这个村庄的游客都受到了友好的款待。该句描述的是目前的一般情况，故使用一般现在时。又因为谓语和主语之间为被动关系。故谓语的形式应为一般现在时的被动语态。
A句意：数百人在医院里等候，在那里医生被迫在外面治疗伤员，因为只有一间手术室能用。A.treat治疗；B.cure治愈；C.deal交易；D.trade做生意。
考点5．【教材原句】He slowed the bleeding by applying pressure to the wounds until the police and ambulance arrived. 他用力按住伤口，是血流得慢些，一直等到警察和救护车的到来。
apply
vt./vi.申请；应用，运用；涂，敷，搽；
【归纳】 n. application 申请；应用；applicant 申请人
apply (to…) for：(向…)申请，应聘
apply oneself to (prep.)：致力于；专注于，集中精力做
apply…to…：把…施于，把…应用于
apply to适用于；关系到；牵涉到；向…申请
【例句研读】
To apply for a job, you must fill out a form.
_________ 工作要填表格。
(1)申请
(2)He has applied to the company for the position of the manager.
他已 ______ 那家公司提出 ______ 经理职务的 ________。
(2)向；对；申请
In spite of much noise, he still applied himself to reading.
尽管有很多噪音，他仍然 __________ 读书。
(3)专心致志地
(4)The new technology has been applied to farming.
这项新技术已 __________ 农业了。
(4)应用于
The nurse applied some medicine to the wound.
护士把一些药 ________ 伤口上。
(5)敷到
(6)The rules of safe driving apply to everyone.
安全驾驶的规则 _________ 每个人。
(6)适用于
【即时巩固】
(1)The position,_______ you are applying, however, is not quite a well-paid one.
A.that
B. which
C. for which
D. to which
【答案】
(1)A考查定语从句。句意：你所申请的那个职位，报酬并不高。apply (to…) for：(向…)申请，应聘。
二、重点短语
考点1．take off脱下，拿掉；起飞；离开；取消
【教材原句】Take off other clothing and jewellery near the burn.
靠近烧伤面的其他衣物和首饰也都要取掉。
【例句研读】
However hot it is, he will not take off his coat.
无论多热，他都不会 ________ 外衣。
(1)脱掉
The plane took off an hour late.
飞机 ________ 晚了一个小时。
(2)起飞
The show was taken off because of poor audience figures.
该剧因不卖座而 _________。
(3)停演了
【归纳】
(1)A large number of buildings have been set up.
________ 楼房被建了起来。
(1)许多
【归纳】
…；大量的…
辨析：a number of与the number of
易混词组 辨析 例句
a number of 与复数名词或代词连用，意为“许多”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数 A number of doctors were sent to Sichuan Province.许多医生被派去了四川省。
the number of 与复数名词或代词连用，意为“…的数量”，作主语时，谓语用单数 The number of men teachers on our school is thirty.我们学校的男教师的人数是30。
表示“许多”“大量的”的短语：
仅用来修饰可数名词的短语有a great/ good/ large number of, a great many, quite a few, many a, many等。（注意：many a + 单数名词 + 单数谓语动词）
(Many a student was asked to stay in the classroom after school.
许多学生被要求放学后留在教室里。
仅用来修饰不可数名词的有much, a great deal of, an amount of等。
既能修饰可数名词又能修饰不可数名词的有a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a quantity of, quantities of, masses of等。（注意：a quantity of与quantities of后既可接可数名词，也可接不可数名词，它们作主语时，谓语动词的单复依据quantity的单复来定。）
(Quantities of paper are wasted every year.
每年都有大量的纸被浪费掉。
【即时巩固】
______ number of workers in our factory is about 3,000 and ______ number of them come from America.
The; a
B. A; the
C. A; a
D. The; the
考点3．put one’s hands on=get one’s hands on找到
【例句研读】
She can’t put her hands on the ring from her boyfriend.
她 ________ 男朋友给她的戒指了。
(1)找不到
Jim finally put his hands on his lost books.
吉姆最终 _________ 丢失的书。
(2)找到了
【即时巩固】
(1)——Excuse me, may I use our car?
——I’m sorry. I’m afraid I can’t ______ the car key just at the moment.
rely on
B.concentrate on
C.put my hands on
D.take on
【答案】
(1)C“打扰了，我能用一下你的车吗？”“抱歉，恐怕我目前找不到我的车钥匙了。”A.rely on依靠；B.concentrate on集中精力于；C.put my hands on找到；D.take on呈现；承担。
考点4．a knowledge of知道，了解；有…知识
【教材原句】It shows that a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference. 这表明懂得急救知识的确能发挥重要的作用。
【例句研读】
Many people agree that a knowledge of English is a must in international trade now.
现在很多人都认为在国际贸易中 ________ 英语已经成为一种必要。
(1)掌握
【归纳】’s knowledge据某人所知
without one's knowledge在某人不知道的情况下
get/ obtain knowledge获得知识
enlarge/ broaden/ widen one’s knowledge扩充某人的知识
【即时巩固】
One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain ______ good knowledge of basic word formation.
/
B.the
C.a
D.one
【答案】
(1)C.考查冠词。knowledge为不可数名词，但若指具体某一方面的知识时，抽象名词具体化。
考点5．make a difference产生重大影响，有影响（作用）；要紧；重要
【例句研读】
(1)As teachers, you must believe that you can make a great deal of difference to the lives of your students.
身为教师，你们必须坚信你们能够 ____________ 学生的一生。
(1)极大地影响
It makes no difference/ doesn’t make any difference to me whether you come here or not.
对我来说，你来不来这儿 ___________。
(2)都无所谓
A few kind words at the right time make all the difference.
在适当的时候说几句体贴的话效果 ___________。
(3)迥然不同
【即时巩固】
(1)A little perseverance _______（很大影响）between success and failure.
【答案】(1)makes a big difference
三、经典句型
考点1．as引导定语从句
【教材原句】So as you can imagine, if your skin gets burned it can be very serious. 因此，你可以想象到，如果你的皮肤烧伤了，就可能非常严重。
【句法分析】本句中as you can imagine是as引导的非限制性定语从句；
【归纳】’t be found anywhere.
你所描述的这样的人是找不到的。
(It is such a difficult problem as none of us can work out.
这是这么难的问题，我们没人做得出。
【注意】当先行词被the same修饰时，that也可引导定语从句，但意义有所不同：the same…as指同样或同类的事物；the same…that指同一个事物。
This is the same watch as I lost.
这块表与我丢的那块一样。（不是同一块表）
This is the same watch that I lost.
这就是我丢的那块表。（是同一块表）
【即时巩固】
(1)His plan was such a good one _____ we all agreed to accept it. (SX06)
A. so
B. and
C. that
D. as
(2)These houses are sold at such a low price _____ people expected. (S2000春）
A. as
B. that
C. so
D. like
(3)“You can’t judge a book by its cover,”_____. (2017 NⅠ)
A. as the saying goes old
B. goes as the old saying
C. as the old saying goes
D. goes as old the saying
【答案】
C
(2)A
(3)C
考点2．并列连词when
【教材原句】John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.
约翰正在房间里学习，突然听到一声尖叫。
【句法分析】该句中when为并列连词，表示“这时（突然）”。
【归纳】… 正在做某事
这时（突然）…
be on the point of doing sth
即将做某事
be doing sth
正在做某事
had just done sth
刚做完某事
【例句研读】
He was about to lock the door when he heard a strange sound.
他正要锁门，这时听见了一个奇怪的声音。
(2)She was squeezing juice out when she heard a knock at the door.
她正在榨果汁，这时听到有人敲门。
(3)He had just arrived home when it rained.
他刚回到家就下雨了。
【即时巩固】
（2017陕西高考）Jim _____ a late night film at home when, right in the middle of a thrilling scene, the television went blank.
watched
B.had watched
C.was watching
D.would be watching
【答案】
C句意：吉姆在家看一部午夜电影，看到中间一幕惊险的场景时，屏幕上突然出现一片空白。“be doing…when…”正在做某事这时突然。
考点3．强调句
【教材原句】It was John’s quick action and knowledge of first aid that saved Ms Slade’s life. 正是约翰快捷的动作和急救知识挽救了施耐德女士的生命。
【句法分析】此句为强调句，强调主语John’s quick action and knowledge of first aid。
【归纳】…这种结构可以强调主语、宾语、状语等，但不能强调谓语。
强调句型It is/was … that/who…
被强调部分指人时，用who或that引导皆可，被强调的代词的格应与原句的格保持一致。
【例句研读】
(It was I that/who met him in the street this morning.
是我今天早上在街上遇到了他。
(It was him that/who I met in the street this morning.
我今天早上在街上遇到的是他。
被强调部分如果是原句的主语，who或that后面的谓语在人称和数上应和原句的主语保持一致。
【例句研读】
(It is I that/who am to blame for the mistake.
是我应该对这个错误承担责任。
被强调的股份是状语时，也必须用that引导。
【例句研读】
(It was in the street that I met him this morning.
我今天早上是在街上遇到他的。
对与否定词连用的until短语或从句进行强调时，应连同not一起放在被强调部分中。
【例句研读】
(It is not until he returns home that she will go to bed.
直到他回来了，她才睡觉。
【即时巩固】
(1)（04河北高考）It was ______ back home after the experiment.
A.not until midnight did he go
B.until midnight that he didn’t go
C.not until midnight that he went
D.until midnight when he didn’t go
（2017新课标全国高考Ⅱ）It was only after he had read the papers _______Mr Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete.
A.when
B.that
C.which
D.what
(3)（2017重庆高考）It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic ______ Zheng He had sailed to East Africa.
A.when
B.that
C.after
D.since
(4)（2011陕西高考）It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do ______ benefits our work most.
who
B.which
C.that
D.what
考点4．There is no doubt that…毫无疑问…
【教材原句】There is no doubt that John’s quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slade’s life. 毫无疑问，是约翰敏捷的思维和在学校学到的急救技能挽救了施耐德女士的生命。
【归纳】…毫无疑问…
Sb don’t doubt that…
该句中that引导的是同位语从句，解释说明doubt的具体内容。
(2)对…有些疑问：
There is some doubt about/of + n.
There is some doubt whether/ if从句
Sb doubt whether/ if从句
Sb have/has some doubt about/of + n.
注意：不管是在同位语从句还是宾语从句中，在否定句还是在疑问句中，doubt后面接that从句；而在肯定句中，通常接whether或if引导的从句。
beyond/ out of doubt毫无疑问地
in doubt可怀疑地；不确定地
no/ without doubt无疑地
【例句研读】
There is no doubt that China is playing a more and more important part in the world.
毫无疑问，中国在世界上起着越来越重要的作用。
There is some doubt about her patience at this moment.
对于她此刻的耐心有些怀疑。
【即时巩固】
——Is ______, you think, no doubt that she will turn up on time?
——She ______ to come on time.
there;promised
B.it;promised
C.she;promise
D.that;promise
【答案】(1)A考查固定句式和时态。
语法讲解
省略
一、知识讲解
为了避免重复，将句子中的一个或几个成分省去，这种语法现象叫省略。
省略是避免重复、突出中心信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法手段。运用省略的目的之一就是节约用词、避免重复。一般说来，只要不破坏结构或引起歧义，能省略的地方就应省略。省略之后，不仅使句子结构显得紧凑，而且句子中几个关键词（词组），如is, will be, might be等的意义也被突显出来。
1. 在由and 或but 连接的并列中，为避免重复，常省略一些重复的词或词组。
（1）省略共同的主语或宾语。
Tom picked up a book on the floor and (Tom) handed it to his teacher.
汤姆在地板上捡起了一本书并把它交给了老师。
（2）若主语不同而谓语部分的助动词、情态动词相同，则省略后面的助动词或情态动词。
Jack must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework.
杰克肯定一直在踢足球，玛丽肯定一直在做家庭作业。
（3）若主语与谓语动词相同，则省略后面的主谓成分。
His advice made me happy, but (his advice made) Jim angry.
他的建议使我高兴，却使吉姆生气。
（4）若主语不同，但主要动词及后续部分相同，则省略主要动词及后续部分。
I was born in winter in 1998 and Bob (was born in winter) in 1989.
我出生于1998年的冬天，而鲍勃出生于1989年的冬天。
（5）省略重复的介词、连词及后续部分。
He was late because he had overslept and (because he had) missed the train.
他迟到了，因为他睡过了头误了火车。
2. 状语从句中的省略
（1）在when, while, whenever, till, as soon as, if, unless, as if/though, as, whether等引导的状语从句中，若谓语部分含有be动词，而主语又跟主句主语相同或从句主语为it时，则从句中主语和be动词常被省略。
Wood gives off much smoke while (wood is) burning.
木头燃烧时产生很多烟。
His opinion, whether (it is ) right or wrong, will be considered.
他的意见，无论对错，就会被考虑。
I’ll buy a TV set if (it is) necessary. 如果有必要我就买一台电视机。
（2）在as, than, however, whatever, no matter what等引导的从句中常省略某些成分。
After two hours she became quieter (than she had been).
两个小时后，她变得更安静了。
（3）虚拟条件句常省略if，并将were, had, should提前构成部分倒装。
Should there be a flood(=If there should be a flood), what should we do?
如果发生了洪水，我们该怎么办？
Had he taken my advice(=If he had taken my advice), he would be a college student now.
如果他接受了我的建议，他现在就是一名大学生了。
Were she my daughter(=If she were my daughter), I wouldn’t allow her to study abroad.
如果她是我女儿，我不会允许她到国外学习。
【考点聚焦】虚拟条件句中if的省略现象，一方面会在单项填空题中进行考查，另一方面我们应注意它在阅读理解中的运用，以增强对文章的理解。
（4）有些状语从句置于句末，可作句尾省略，有时可省略整个从句。
I would have come yesterday (if I had wanted to).
我昨天本来可以来的（如果我想来的话）。
3. 定语从句与名词性从句中的省略
（1）在限制性定语从句中，作宾语用的关系代词whom, who, which, that可省略；在the dame…as和such…as引导的某些定语从句中，也可省略某些成分。
He is the man (whom / who / that) you can safely depend on.
他是你能放心信赖的人。
I don’t like such books as these (are). 我不喜欢这样的书。
（2）有时定语从句中的“主语+be动词”可以省略。
The goods (which were) ordered last month haven’t arrived yet.
上个月订购的货物还没到达。
（3）有时整个主句都可省略，这种省略现象通常出现在简短答语中。
-You all like the story? 你们都喜欢这个故事？
-Yes, (we all like the story) except that the ending is too hasty.
是的，（我们都喜欢这个故事，）只是结尾太仓促。
（4）在know, think, consider, suppose, find, believe, say, decide等动词后面所接的宾语从句中，连词that可以省略；若带有多个宾语从句，只有第一个that可以省略，其余的则不能省略。
He said(that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart. 他说这篇课文非常重要，我们应该把它背下来。
（5）由which, when, where, how和why引导的宾语从句，有时可全部或部分省略。
She will come back ,but he doesn’t know when (she will come back).
她会回来的，可是他不知道她什么时候回来。
（6）在与suggest, request, order, advise等词相关的名词性从句中，应用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用“(should+)动词原形”，should可以省略。
It is suggested that we (should) go to see the film.
有人建议我们去看这部电影。
学法点拨：在选择连接词时，我们应首先分析原句中的从句是何种从句，是状语从句、定语从句还是名词性从句；然后再分析从句中缺少什么成分；最后再确定连接词是否可以省略。
4. 动词不定式的省略，只保留动词不定式符号to的场合
（1）有些动词（词组），如want, wish,, expect , hope, would like, try, forget等后面的不定式作宾语时，为了避免重复，动词不定式符号to后面的内容常常被省略。
（2）两个或两个以上的不定式并列时，第一个带to，后面省去to;但如果两个不定式表示对比关系时，则to不可省略。
（3）感官动词（词组）see, look at, hear, listen to, notice, watch等和使役动词make, let, have等后面作宾补的不定式要省略to,但此类动词的被动语态中的to不可省略。
（4）在某些句式中，如果介词but前有实义动词do的任何形式，后面的不定式要省略to。
All he could do was nothing but wait and see. 他所能做的只有等着瞧。
误区警示：当省略的动词不定式内含有作助动词用的have或be的任何形式时，to后要保留原形have 或be。
He didn’t come, but he ought to have. 他没来，但他应该来。
-Are you a farmer? 你是个农民吗？
-No, but I used to be(a farmer). 不是，但我过去是。
5. 介词的省略
（1）一些与动词、名词或形容词一起搭配的介词常常省略，而保留其后的动名词。常见的结构有：
have difficulty / trouble (in) doing sth.
be busy (in) doing sth.
spend some time(in) doing sth.
stop / prevent sb. (from) doing sth.
The heavy rain prevented him (from) arriving there on time.
大雨使得他没能按时到达那里。
He spent four hours (in) going over his lessons.
他花了4个小时复习功课。
学法点拨：在做此类题目时，我们应特别注意熟记一些固定结构和某些句式的变式运用。一方面，注意介词的运用；另一方面，其后的动词形式也是考查的重点。如：I can’t imagine what great difficulty he had (in) climbing the hill.
我难以想象他爬那座山经历了多么大的困难。
（2）表示时间的介词at, on和in在next, last, this, these, yesterday, tomorrow, one, any, every, each, some等词之前时，一般省略。
We go to school every day except Sundays.
除星期天外，我们每天都上学。
6. 使用so, not等时的省略
在英语中，可以用so, not或其他方式来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。
-Can you finish your work today? 你今天能完成工作吗？
-I think so. 我认为能。（-I don’t think so. / I think not.我认为不能。）
误区警示：hope, guess, be afraid的否定形式只能用not的形式，不能用not…so的形式。
-The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they?
男孩子们工作做得一点儿也不好，是吗？
-I guess not. 我猜是没做好。
二、跟踪训练
1.用所给词的适当形式填空
(1). Although _________(order) to stop, the driver kept on driving as fast as he could.
(2). He succeeded in solving all the problems as __________(expect)
(3). The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _________(not make) it more difficult.
(4). He had a wonderful childhood when _________(travel) with his mother to all corners of the world.
(5). When ________(offer) an important role in a new movie, Andy got a chance to become famous.
2. 单项填空
(1). When ______help, one often says “Thank you.” or “It’s kind of you.”
A. offering
B. to offer
C. to be offered
D. offered
(2). ______fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.
A. Would you be
B. Should you be
C. Could you be
D. Might you be
(3). –Do you have anything to say for yourselves?
-Yes , there’s one point _____we must insist on.
A. why
B. where
C. how
D. /
(4). You can’t imagine what difficulty we had _____home in the snowstorm.
A. walked
B. walk
C. to walk
D. walking
(5). It sounds like something is wrong with the car’s engine. _____, we’d better take it to the garage immediately.
A. Otherwise
B. If not
C. But for that
D. If so
(6). The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, ______accompanied by an adult.
A. once
B. when
C. if
D. unless
(7). The suggestion has been made that the football game _____.
A. put off
B. had been put off
C. be put off
.D. to be put off
(8). He said that he was young _______ he couldn’t carry the heavy box.
A. and
B. and that
C. that
D. such that
(9). –What’s the matter with Mary?
-She wasn’t invited to the hall, but she still ______.
A. hopes to
B. hopes so
C. hopes it
D. hopes that
(10). One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and _______.
A. the other is white
B. another is white
C. the other white
D. another white
【答案】
(1).ordered
(2).expected
(3).not to make
(4).traveling
(5).offered
(1)D
(2)B
(3)D
(4)D
(5)D
(6)D
(7)C
(8)B
(9)A
(10)C