16. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _______(set) up some schools for poor children. 因devote...to...中to是介词, 接动词-ing形式; all是devote的宾语, he had是省略了关系代词that的定语从句, 修饰all。 setting 17. Tsinghua University, ________ (found) in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures. 由于Tsinghua University(清华大学)与found(成立)之间为被动关系, 即清华大学被成立于1911年, 故用过去分词。
founded 18. Li Jian put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself _______ (remind) of his own dreams. 该考点涉及的搭配是remind sb. of sth. (提醒某人记住或想起某事), 显然空格前的himself与动词remind之间存在着被动关系, 故用过去分词。
reminded 19. _______(offer)an important role in a new movie, Andy has got a chance to become famous. 由于句子主语Andy与动词offer之间为被动关系(即Andy被人提供了某物), 故用过去分词。 Offered 20. Claire had her luggage _______ (check) an hour before her plane left. checked 考查“have+名词+非谓语动词”结构。由于her luggage（她的行李）与check（检查）之间为被动关系，故用过去分词。句意为：在飞机出发前1小时克莱尔携带的行李接受了检查。 21. Alexander tried to get his work _________ (recognize) in the medical circles.
因“宾语(his work)”与其后的recognize (承认)是被动关系, 故用动词-ed形式。 recognized 22. A great number of students _________ (question) said they were forced to practise the piano. 由于students与question(提问,询问) 之间为被动关系, 故用动词-ed形式作定语。
questioned 二、语篇填空
1 _______(fall) in love with a beautiful lady, a lion went to her parents and asked them 2 __________(marry) her to him. The old parents did not know what to say.
Not 3 ________ (hope) to give their daughter to the lion, they did not want 4 ________ (anger) the king of beasts. Falling
to marry
hoping
to anger
At last the father said, “We are glad 5 ________ (marry) our daughter to you, but we fear that you might possibly hurt her. So 6 __________(remove) your claws and teeth, you can marry her.”
7 ________(love) the lady very much, the lion trimmed (修剪) his claws and took out his big teeth. 8 ________(come) to the parents again, he was simply laughed in his face. 9 ________(beat) out of the house, the lion felt 10 _______(depress) and died soon. to marry
removing
Loving
Coming
Beaten
depressed
这是一则有深刻意义寓言故事。寓意: 有些人轻易相信别人的话，抛弃自己的长处，结果轻而易举地被原来害怕自己的人击败了。 1. Falling
因a lion与fall是主动关系，用-ing形式作状语，表示原因。 2. to marry
因ask sb. to do sth. ，用不定式作宾补。 3. hoping
因they与hope是主动关系，用-ing形式作状语，表示让步，相当于Although they didn’t hope to… 4. to anger
因want后只能用不定式作宾语，意为“不想激怒百兽之王”。 5. to marry
在作表语的形容词glad后作状语，表示原因，只能用不定式。 6. removing
因you与remove是主动关系，用-ing形式，作状语，表示条件，相当于if you remove… 7. Loving 因the lion与love是主动关系，用-ing形式，作状语，表示原因。 8. Coming
因he与come是主动关系，用-ing形式作伴随状语。 9. Beaten
因the lion与beat是被动关系，用-ed形式作状语，表示原因。 10. depressed
表示狮子“感到沮丧的”，用过去分词形式作表语。 三、单句改错
Ⅰ.动词不定式 1. He managed escape from the fire. manage后加to
由manage to do sth.(设法做成某事)可知。
2. Nothing will make me to change my mind. 把to 去掉
因make sb. do sth.(使某人做某事) ,用不带to 的不定式作宾补 。
3. Mary doesn’t have to be made learn because she always works hard. 在be made后加to
当make sb. do sth. 用于被动形式时，后接不可省略to的不定式作宾补。
4. He hurried to the train station, only find the train had gone. 在find前加to
因only to do 作结果状语，表示事先没有预料到的结果。 5. Tired from work, he wants to do nothing but to watch TV. 把but后面的to去掉
当but和except 前面有动词do时，后面用不带to的动词不定式。
6. At present, I have no choice but wait. but 后加to
当but前没有do，则后面的动词不定式要带to，have no choice but to do sth.(别无选择，只能)。 7. You feel stressed out. Why not having
a chat with our teachers? having →have
习惯用why not do sth.(为什么不……) 表建议，why (not)后面接不带to的不定式。
8. I don’t think it possible to mastering a foreign language without much memory work. mastering →master
由句型“主语 + 及物动词 + it + 宾补 + to do” 可知，常用it 作形式宾语, 真正作宾语的不定式放到后面。 9. I’ve worked with children before, so I know what expect in my new job. 在expect前加to
“疑问词+ 不定式”结构在句中作宾语，这里what加to expect，作know 的宾语。
10. All of you can have another try if you want. 在want 后加to
为了避免重复，作宾语的不定式第二次出现时往往省略，只保留不定式符号to。 Ⅱ. 动词-ing形式 1. In our city, there are a lot of restaurants that serving western food. 去掉that
现在分词作定语，或者把serving 改为serve，充当定语从句的谓语动词。
2. You can’t imagine how excited it is to listen to top scientists share their prediction on what the world will be like in a century.
excited→ exciting
表示“令人兴奋的”，应用-ing形式。 3. Sit beside me, my beloved daughter gave me a vivid description of what she experienced in her dream.
sit →sitting
因my beloved daughter与sit是主动关系，故用动词的-ing形式，作方式状语。
4. We were kept to waiting for quite a long time before the host turned up.
去掉waiting前的to
由keep sb. doing可知。 5. On the Dragon Boat Festival, we saw the seashore crowded with people watched the dragon boat race.
watched →watching
因people与watch是主动关系，故用-ing形式作people的定语。
6. It is no good copy the answer without trying to understand it. copy →copying
在句型it is no good/need/ use doing sth句型中，常用-ing形式作真正的主语。 7. Missing the train mean waiting for another hour. mean→ means
因Missing the train是主语，谓语用第三人称单数。
8. The majority of the people questioned in an online survey are opposed to increase retirement age. increase→ increasing
因be opposed to中to为介词，故用-ing形式作宾语。 9. As a senior 3 student preparing for the coming test, he spends most of his time improve this problem— solving ability.
improve→ improving
由句型spend some time doing sth.可知。
10. It is reported that the hurricane caused great damage to the constructions of the town, with tens of hundreds of houses destroyed by the fallen trees. fallen→ falling
因不及物动词falling表示“正在倒下的”。 1. Now when people refer to England you find Wales including as well. including →included
因Wales 与included是被动关系，故用动词的-ed形式作宾补。
2. Exhausting, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.
Exhausting→ Exhausted
表示人“疲惫不堪的”用-ed形式；如果表示“使筋疲力尽的”才用-ing形式。 Ⅲ. 动词-ed形式 3. The paintings being stolen from the museum haven’t been found.
去掉stolen前的being
由句意可知，那些画是已经被偷，而不是正在被偷，所以直接用过去分词短语作定语，表示被动完成。
4. The murderer was brought in, with his hands tying behind.
tying→ tied
因hands与tie是被动关系，故用过去分词tied作补语。 5. Mr. Smith, tired of the bored speech, started to read a novel. bored → boring
由句意可知，需要表达“令人厌烦的，无聊的”，故用boring。
6. Seeing from the space, the earth looks blue.
Seeing→ Seen
因主语earth与see是被动关系，故用seen作状语。 7. The architects inviting by the king thought highly of the bridge built, and gave more suggestions before it was finished.
(1) inviting→ invited
表示“被邀请的”艺术家，故用invited。 (2) 在built前面加上being
由“…before it was finished.”可知桥还没建完，是“正在被建的桥”，故用being built。 8. Keep in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh.
Keep→ Kept
主语vegetables与Keep是被动关系，故用Kept。
9. Do you think the workers can get the job finishing on time? finishing→ finished
因the job 与finish是被动关系，故用finished。 10. We hear it say frequently that what now people most desire is security. say→ said
句中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的that 从句，而it与say是被动的关系，故用过去分词said作宾补。
非谓语动词
复习非谓语动词还需掌握以下几点： 1. 句法作用 (除谓语外的其他成分) 2. 时态和语态(以do为例) 不定式 -ing形式 过去分词 主 动 一般式 to do doing
done是唯一形式
进行式 to be doing 完成式 to have done having done 被动 一般式 to be done being done 完成式 to have been done having been done
时态与语态的判断方法:
时态：非谓语动词的动作若发生在谓语动词的动作之前，用完成式，否则，就用一般式。
语态：当非谓语动词与其逻辑主语是主动关系，用主动式；是被动关系，用被动式。 3.非谓语动词的逻辑主语。 充当句子成分 宾语和表语 状语 定语 宾补 逻辑 主语 句子的主语 所修饰的词 句子的宾语 4. 有特殊要求的动词或短语动词。
⑴ 有的动词后只能用不定式而不能接动名词作宾语。如ask, demand(要求), plan, intend, mean(计划), manage, do/try one’s best, make an attempt, learn(学习), wish, hope, desire, expect, long, want, would like, should like, would prefer (希望、愿意), agree, promise(同意), decide, determine, choose, make a decision, make up one’s mind(决定), offer(主动提出), apply(申请), help(帮助), fail(不能、没有), prepare(准备), pretend(假装), refuse(拒绝), happen(碰巧), afford(负担得起)等。
⑵
有的动词或短语动词后只能用动名词而不 能接不定式。如allow, permit(允许), consider( 考虑), suggest, advice(建议), keep (on)(反复;
不停), finish(完成), imagine(想象), practise (练 习), understand(明白), appreciate, enjoy(喜欢), miss(错过; 怀念), prevent(阻止), forbid(禁止), escape(避免), include(包括), forgive, pardon, excuse(原谅), dislike(厌恶), discuss(讨论), report (报道), admit(承认), mind(介意), risk(冒险), can’t stand(不能忍受), burst out(突然开始), feel like (想要), insist on(坚持), delay, put off(推迟), give up(放弃), be busy(忙于), be worth(值得)等。 ⑶ 下列动词和短语动词后接不定式和接动名词意义不同：remember to do(记住去做)，remember doing(记得做过)；forget to do(忘记去做)，forget doing(忘记做过)；regret to do (遗憾地做)，regret doing(后悔做了)；try to do(设法做)，try doing(试做)；go on to do(接着做另一事)，go on doing(继续做同一事)；mean to do(打算做)，mean doing(意味着)；stop to do(停下来去做)，stop doing(停止做)；can’t help to do(不能帮助做)，can’t help doing(情不自禁做)。 ⑷ 在介词后一般用动名词，下面是一些含介 词的固定句式(其中有的介词有时会被省略)：prevent /stop /keep… from doing (阻止……做……)；spend /waste time or money in doing (在做……方面花费/浪费时间或金钱)；How /What about doing sth.(做……怎么样？)；have some difficulty/trouble in doing (在做……方面有些困难)；have a hard time in doing sth.(做某事很艰难); there is no sense in doing(做…… 是没有理由/道理的)；thank /excuse /admire /praise /blame /scold /punish sb. for doing sth. (因做某事而感谢/原谅/羡慕/表扬/责备/责骂/惩罚某人)等。 ⑸ to是介词的固定词组很多，常见的有：look forward to(盼望), devote…to /be devoted to(致力于), be/get used to(习惯), lead to(导致), get down to(开始认真), pay attention to(注意), refer to(谈到), point to(指向), turn to(转向), object to(反对), equal to(等于，能胜任), belong to(属于)等。
(6)在表示“需要”的need, want, require等后用v-ing的主动式表示被动含义，此时也可用不定式的被动式。 (7)在make, let, have(使，让)等使役动词后作宾补的不定式要省略不定式符号to，但在被动语态后作主补时要加上to。在hear, see, watch等 感观动词后，作宾补时，用原形表示动作全过程；用现在分词表示当时正在发生；若是被动语态，原形前要加上to。
此外，表示情感的动词，其分词作形容词用时，v-ing表示“令人……的”事物，v-ed表示人“感到……的”。如surprising令人吃惊的(事物)；surprised（人）感到吃惊的。
熟读深思
Good afternoon, Ladies and gentlemen. It is a great honor for me to introduce［1］ this English speech competition. As we all know, to master［2］ a foreign language is very important for us. Taking part［3］ in English speech is a helpful way to learn English［4］. Everyone wants to show［5］their best. When we have been preparing for it, we can improve our listening and speaking［6］ ability, developing［7］ a good habit of learning English［8］.
In the process of the competition, you should pay attention to the rules made by us［9］. First, you should make your voice heard［10］ clearly by everyone, so reading aloud［11］ is very necessary. Second, you try your best to express［12］ yourself in English fluently. Finally, you should finish your speech in five minutes.
I am sure the English speech competition will be a great success and the audience will feel satisfied［13］ with our performance. Thank you!
汉语译文：大家下午好，很荣幸给大家介绍本次的英语演讲比赛。我们都知道掌握一门外语对我们很重要。参加本次比赛将对学习英语有很大的帮助。大家都想在比赛中展现自我。当我们在充分准备的过程中我们提高了自己的听说能力，养成了学英语的良好习惯。
在比赛过程中，大家必须遵守我们制定的以下规则。第一，必须要让大家能清楚地听到你的演讲，因此大声朗读是非常必要的；第二，要尽力做到流利地用英语表达你的思想。最后，你必
须在五分钟之内完成你的演讲。
我坚信，我们的赛事将会取得圆满成功，观众也会对选手们的表现感到满意！谢谢大家！
本文是在英语演讲比赛前的讲话, 讲话内容包括比赛的益处, 比赛过程中的注意事项, 以及预祝比赛成功。 1. to introduce this English speech competition是不定式作真正的主语，it是形式主语。 2. to master a foreign language也是不定式作主语。 3. Taking part in English speech是动名词短语作主语。 4. to learn English 是不定式作定语，修饰way。 5. to show their best是不定式作宾语，在want, hope, decide等动词后，若用动词作宾语，只能用不定式。 6. listening and speaking是动名词作定语，修饰ability，表示类别。 7. developing a good habit of learning English 现在分词短语作状语。 8. learning English 是动名词短语作介词of的宾语。 9. made by us 是过去分词短语作后置定语。 10. heard clearly by everyone
是过去分词短语作宾补。 11. reading aloud
是动名词短语作主语。 12. to express yourself in English fluently 是不定式作目的状语。 13. satisfied 是过去分词作形容词，在句中作表语，意为“感到满意的”。
非谓语动词与高考
1.非谓语动词是高考语法填空的必考点。解答此类试题首先要通过句子的结构分析确定是不是非谓语动词，然后根据非谓语动词的用法确定用具体的某种形式。如：
⑴ 作主语或宾语，就用动名词(一般)或不定式形式(具体)。 ⑵ 作目的状语或在形容词后作状语，用动词不定式。
⑶ 作伴随状语或作定语，要根据与逻辑主语的关系，用现在分词或过去分词。
⑷ 有时也要根据句式搭配来确定，如see/ hear/notice sb. do/doing sth.，spend… doing sth.等。 2. 短文改错中，有动词形式错误，如本该用动名词作主语却用了原形；在介词或某些动词后本应接动名词的却用了原形，本该用现在分词的却用了过去分词。另外，不定式符号to的多用或少用也常考。 1. Mary will never forget the first time she saw him. He suddenly appeared in class one day,
________(wear) sun glasses.
因已有谓语动词appeared，动词wear前又没有并列连词，即wear不是并列谓语，它应是非谓语动词，作状语, 表示伴随情况; 又因he与wear是主动关系，故用现在分词。
wearing
灵活运用
一、单句填空
2. I noticed a man 18 _________ (sit)at the front. 已有谓语动词noticed, 且sit前没有并列连词, 因此, sit是非谓语动词; 由固定句式notice sb. doing/do sth. (注意到某人在做/做了某事) 可知, 填sitting或sit, 但我们认为, 根据文中提供的情境, 不难推出, 作者“注意到”时, 那个人是“正坐在”作者前面的, 故填sitting更准确、更切实际，也更生动。 sitting/sit 3. He spit it out, _______(say) it was awful. 因句中已有谓语spit, 此处又没有连词, say不是并列谓语, 而是非谓语动词; 又因he与say是主动关系, 故用现在分词作伴随状语。 saying 4. She wished that he was as easy _______ (please) as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume. 句中已有谓语was easy了, please应为非谓语动词; 因在形容词后作状语, 只能用动词不定式, 故填to please。
to please 5. For example, the proverb, “plucking up a crop ________ (help) it grow”, is based on the following story. 作目的状语, 用动词不定式。 to help 6. Simon made a big bamboo box ____ _____(keep) the little sick bird till it could fly. 这句中的make表示“做; 制造”, 其后的不定式为目的状语。句意为: 西蒙做了一个大竹盒子来养这只有病的小鸟, 等它能飞的时候再放走它。
to keep 7. His first book _______________(publish) next month is based on a true story. 根据句中的next month可知是将出版, 故要用不定式; 又因为book与publish之间为被动关系, 故要用不定式的被动式。
8. Lydia doesn’t feel like _________(study) abroad. Her parents are old.
因为feel like中的like是介词，根据英语语法，介词后接动词一般要用动名词。 to be published studying 9. Sarah pretended to be cheerful, _______ (say) nothing about the argument. 现在分词短语saying nothing about...为伴随状语, 句意为: 莎拉假装开心, 对那次争论什么也没说。 saying 10. I had great difficulty ________(find) the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant. 因have difficulty (in) doing sth.为固定句式, 其意为“做某事有困难”。 finding 11. It rained heavily in the south, _____ (cause) serious flooding in several provinces. “引起严重水灾”是“下大雨”的自然结果, 作结果状语, 用现在分词作状语。causing...与which caused...相当。 causing 12.The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and ________ (weigh) less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat. 因young children与weigh是主动关系, 故用现在分词作定语。句中介词短语under...和现在分词短语weighing...一起作定语, 修饰young children。 weighing 13. I can’t stand ________(work) with Jane in the same office. She just refuses ______ (stop) talking while she works.
因为can’t stand(不能忍受)后习惯上要接动词的-ing形式; 又因refuse后要求接带to的不定式。 working to stop 14. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area need ______________________(repair). 在表示“需要”的need后要接动词-ing形式的主动形式, 或用不定式的被动式。
15. Isn’t it time you got down to ________ (mark) the papers？
因为get down to中的to是介词, 后面应接动词的-ing形式。 repairing/to be repaired marking