九
动词的时态与语态 九 动词的时态与语态 九 │ .导读 动词的时态与语态是历年高考试题中考查最多的,其中主要集中在动词的时态,或语态以及时态语态结合起来考查。此类题目在高考题中时态占的比例非常大,有的省(市)在一套题目中多达三个时态题。高考对被动语态的考查热点主要是及物动词的被动语态的应用。对近几年的时态考查范围多集中在一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时、过去进行时以及过去完成时上。
时态题多是以对话的形式或以提示词来提示时态的形式考查,如so far, before等提示词提示时态等。 导读 .九 │ .导读 技巧点拨: 死记时态规则是做时态题最失败的。通过对近几年高考试题的分析,我们发现,时态题的考查有丰富的语言环境。在做时态题时要注意以下几点:
1. 揣摩说话人所指的时间
这是我们在解决大多数高考时态题要遵循的原则。我们知道,高考题几乎没有运用具体时间来体现时态的,时态是通过说话人的暗示来体现。
2. 准确判断动作和时间的关系(即动作是在什么时间发生的)。 .九 │ .导读
3. 重视时态标志
有很多题是有时态标志的,只是我们在解题时把这些标志忽略了,如so far常常是现在完成时的标志,before常常是过去完成时的标志等,有这些标志做辅助我们解题就容易多了。 .九 │ 题例精讲
【解析】
C 句意:过早地计划没有意义——很多事情明年都要变化。考查时态。首先我们要确定的是:“过早地计划没有意义”是说话人的观点,而不是某时的动作,因此用一般现在时。 ()1. Planning so far ahead ________ no sense—so many things will have changed by next year.
A.made
B.is making
C.makes
D.has made 题例精讲 .九 │ 题例精讲 ()2. I wasn’t sure if he was really interested or if he ________ polite.
A.was just being
B.will just be
C.had just been
D.would just be
【解析】
A 句意:我不能确定他是真地感兴趣还是只是出于礼貌而已。考查时态。参照空格前的时态,本空格用过去时态,此空格不表达“过去的过去”或者“过去的将来”,因此用进行时表达一时性的动作。 .九 │ 题例精讲 ()3.When Alice came to, she did not know how long she ________ there.
A.had been lying
B.has been lying
C.was lying
D.has lain 【解析】
A 句意:当艾丽斯醒来的时候,她不知道自己在那里躺了多久了。考查时态。显然,躺在那里的动作发生在醒来以前,且动作仍在进行中,因此用过去完成进行时。 .九 │ 题例精讲 ()4.Experiments of this kind ______in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War.
A.have conducted
B.have been conducted
C.had conducted
D.had been conducted
【解析】
D 句意:第二次世界大战之前,这种实验就已经在美国和欧洲很好地进行了。考查动词时态和语态。根据历史知识可知“the Second World War”发生在过去,那么“before the Second World War”就应该是“过去的过去”;另外还应该使用被动语态,故此处选择D。 .九 │ 题例精讲 ()5.Tom ________in the library every night over the last three months.
A.works
B.worked
C.has been working
D.had been working
【解析】
C 句意:过去的三个月里,汤姆每天晚上都在图书馆工作。考查动词时态辨析。根据时间状语every night over the last three months可知用现在完成进行时,故选择C项。 .九 │ 题例精讲
()6.— Bob has gone to California.
— Oh, can you tell me when he ________?
A.has left
B.left
C.is leaving
D.would leaving
【解析】
B 句意 :“鲍勃已经去加利福尼亚了。”“噢,你能告诉我他什么时候离开的吗?”考查动词时态。根据语境“Bob has gone to California”,可知“leave”动作应该发生在过去,故此处选择B项。 .九 │ 题例精讲
【解析】 C 句意:“那一定是一次长途旅行。”“是的,到达那儿花费了我们整整一周时间。”考查动词时态。根据第一句话中:must have been,可知事情发生在过去,所以选择C项。 ()7.— That must have been a long trip.
— Yeah, it ________us a whole week to get there.
A.takes
B.has taken
C.took
D.was taking .九 │ 题例精讲 (
)8.When I got on the bus, I ________ I had left my wallet at home.
A. was realizing
B.realized
C.have realized
D.would realize
【解析】
B 句意:当我坐上公共汽车时,我才意识到我把钱包忘在家里了。考查动词时态。根据句意知when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动作和主句的谓语动作同时发生,从句用一般过去时。故B项正确。 .九 │ 题例精讲 ()9.She was surprised to find the fridge empty; the child ________ everything!
A.had been eating
B.had eaten
C.have eaten
D.have been eating
【解析】
B 句意:她惊奇地发现冰箱是空的。孩子们把东西吃光了。考查动词时态。由句意可知孩子们“吃光东西”是发生在她“吃惊地发现”之前,而“吃惊地发现”用一般过去时,故“吃光东西”应为“过去的过去”,即过去完成时。故选B。 .九 │ 题例精讲
()10.We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody_______ into the office during the night.
A.broke
B.had broken
C.has broken
D.was breaking
【解析】
B 句意:我们在早晨到达工作地点时发现已经有人在前一天晚上闯进了办公室。考查动词的时态。由句意可知用过去完成时。 ()1.As has been reported, more measures ________ to make the falling economics recover as soon as possible.
A.have taken
B.are taking
C.will take
D.will be taken
【解析】
D 句意:就像所报道的那样,将会采取更多的措施来尽快恢复下降的经济。主语为more measures,谓语应该用被动形式。本题易误选A。 模拟试题 .九 │ 模拟试题 .九 │ 模拟试题 ()2.—Have you finished reading Jane Eyre? —No, I________ my homework all day yesterday.
A. was doing
B.would do
C.had done
D.do
【解析】
A 句意:“你读完《简·爱》了吗?”“没有,我昨天一直在做作业。”A表示一段时间内持续进行且未完成的动作。题干中有all day yesterday时间提示为过去,应该选择与过去相关的时态,排除D。B为过去将来时不符合题意,C为过去完成时,使用过去完成时题目中需要有一般过去时,题干中没有一般过去时因此也排除。 .九 │ 模拟试题 ()3.I ________ all my homework by the time you ________ back.
A.will have finished; come
B.will finish; come
C.will have finished; came
D.have finished; will come
【解析】
A by the time通常和过去完成时或将来完成时连用,其引导的从句通常使用一般过去时或一般现在时。根据句意可知答案应选A。 .九 │ 模拟试题 ()4.She never goes home until she ________ out all her newspapers.
A.sells
B.had sold
C.will sell
D.has sold
【解析】
D 她把所有的报纸都卖出之后才回家。从句动作完成后主句动作才发生。 .九 │ 模拟试题 ()5.—My brother ________ here a week ago.
—What________ these days?
A.got; did he do
B.has got; has he done
C.had got; will he do
D.got; has he been doing
【解析】
D 答句意为“这些天他都在干什么?”用现在完成进行时,强调动作的持续性。 .九 │ 模拟试题
(
)6.It was until then that I came to know that knowledge ___ only from practice.
A.has come
B.comes
C.came
D.had come
【解析】
B knowledge comes from practice是客观真理,故用一般现在时。 .九 │ 模拟试题 ()7.—Would you please tell me what the teacher said just now?
— She said that the earth ________ round the sun.
A.travels
B.traveled
C.would travel
D.was traveling
【解析】
A 宾语从句的时态通常要与主句的时态保持一致,但表示客观真理时通常用一般现在时。 .九 │ 模拟试题
()8.—Is this the last exam we have to take this term?
—Yes, but there ________ another test three months from now.
A.has
B.is
C.was
D.will be
【解析】
D but是并列连词,three months from now是一个将来的时间,所以用将来时。
.九 │ 模拟试题 ()9.Oh, it’s you! I ________ to see you here. Where ________ these years?
A.don’t expect; have you gone
B.didn’t expect; have you been
C.am not expecting; went
D.expected; will you go
【解析】
B I didn’t expect to do sth.意为“我原没有料到某事发生”。have been表示“去过某地”,have gone表示“到某地去了”,B项正合题意。 .九 │ 模拟试题
()10.—I hear you went to Japan last month. —No, I________ there.
A.did go
B.had never been
C.have never been
D.was never
【解析】
C have been there是“去过那里”的意思。
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