必修 Unit1
Friendship
单元知识预览
项目 单词及其词性变化（语法填空必备）
重点单词 1．upset adj.心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的 vt.使不安；使心烦
2．ignore vt.不理睬；忽视→ignorance n．愚昧→ignorant adj.无知的；粗鲁的
3．calm vt. & vi.(使)平静；(使)镇定
adj.平静的；镇静的；沉着的
4．concern vt. & n．(使)担忧；涉及；关系到；担心；关注；(利害)关系→concerned adj.担忧的→concerning prep.关于
5．loose adj.松的；松开的
6．series n．连续；系列
7．outdoors adv.在户外；在野外
8．entire adj.整个的；完全的；全部的
9．power n．能力；力量；权力→powerful adj.有权势的
10．settle vi.安家；定居；停留vt.使安居；安排；解决→settled adj.→settlement n．安居；定居
11．suffer vt. &vt.遭受；忍受；经历→suffering n．痛苦；折磨
12．recover vi. &vt.痊愈；恢复；重新获得→recovery n．痊愈
13．pack vi. &vt.捆扎；包装；打行李 n．小包；包裹
14．exactly adv.确实如此；正是；确切地→exact adj.精确的
15．disagree vi.不同意→disagreement n．→agree 反义词
重点短语 1．add up合计
2．calm down
平静下来；镇定下来
3．have got to
不得不，必须
4．be concerned about
关心，挂念
5．go through
经历；经受
6．set down
放下；记下；登记
7．a series of
一连串的；一系列的8．on purpose
故意
9．in order to
为了……
10．at dusk
在黄昏时刻
11．face to face
面对面
12．no longer/not any longer
不再
13．suffer from
遭受；患病
14．get/be tired of
对……厌烦
15．pack (sth.) up
将(东西)装箱打包16．get along with
与……相处；进展
17．fall in love
相爱；爱上
18．join in
参加；加入
经典句型
（高考书面表达必备） 1．While walking the dog,_you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.你在遛狗的时候不小心让狗松脱了，接着它被一辆小车撞着了。
2．... tell him/her that he/she should have studied...
……告诉他/她本该学习……
3．I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.我不知道这是不是因为我长时间无法出门的缘故，使我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都那样狂热。
4．...it was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face...
……这是我一年半以来第一次观察夜晚……
5．Mother asked her if/whether she was very hot with so many clothes on.妈妈问她穿这么多衣服是不是很热。
必备语法（高级句型） 名词性从句（1）
晨读范文背诵
背诵这篇范文注意划线部分的用法
假定你是李华，暑假想去一家外贸公司兼职，已写好申请书和个人简历（resume）。给外教Mr Jenkins 写信，请她帮你修改所附材料的文字和格式（format）
注意：
1. 词数100左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节，已使行文连贯。
【答案】
Dear Ms Jenkins,
I am Li Hua, I am writing to tell you something about my plan for the coming summer vacation and I also want you to do me a favor.
In order to get some practical experience, I am planning to take a part-time job in a foreign capital company. I have already finished my application and resume. But this is the first time that I have written an application and the personals resume, so I don’t know if there are something to pay attention to. So, I’m writing you the letter, hoping you can give me some help. I will be very grateful if you can do me the favor.
Looking forward to your reply.
And I’d be really thankful.
Yours,
Li Hua
语言知识精析
重点单词精讲
考点1．upset adj. 心烦意乱的；不安的，不适的
vt. 使不安；使心烦，打乱(upset; upset)
【教材原句】Your friend comes to school very upset.
【例句研读】
(1)I am upset about the bad news.我对那则坏消息感到________。
(2)It upset her that he had left without saying goodbye. 他的不辞而别________。
(3)If the rain keeps falling, it will upset the whole plan. 如果继续下雨，这将会_____我们的整个计划。
【归纳拓展】
be upset about 对……感到心烦
It upsets sb. that 让某人心烦的是……
It upsets sb. to do sth. 做……使某人不快
upset the plan 搅乱了计划
【即时巩固】
1．He was very___________that you didn’t reply to his letters.（upset）
你没有回复他的信，他非常不高兴。
2.The ______news made him feel _______.
A．upset; upset
B．upsetting; upset
C．upset; upsetting
D．upsetting; upsetting
3.Knowing the result of the exam, he went home and lay in bed, ________ .
A．upset
B．was upset
C．felt upset
D．and upset
4.It is getting colder. I hope the sudden change of climate _____ you.
A．don’t upset B．didn’t upset C．hasn’t upset D．won’t upset
考点2．ignore vt. 不理睬；忽视；不顾(强调“装作不知道或没看到”
【教材原句】Ignore the bell and go somewhere quiet to calm your friend down.
【例句研读】
(1)She saw him coming but she ignored him.她看见他走来，但_________他。
(2)He is ignorant of farm life.＝He is in ignorance of farm life.他对农庄生活________。
【归纳拓展】
ignorant adj. 无知的；愚昧的；不知道的
ignorance n. 无知；愚昧；不知道
ignore sb./sth. 不理睬某人/假装不知道或未见
be ignorant of/about sth.＝be in ignorance of sth.不知道某事
【即时巩固】
1.If the baby is put into a unfamiliar room without its mother, it i_________the toys no matter how interesting they might be.
2.It is difficult for my teacher to _______ my mistakes in my composition. He is so careful!
A．notice B．realize C．ignore D．memorize
3. —Tom is always saying I’m ugly，Mom．
—Just ______ him．You are the most beautiful in my eyes．
A．disagree
B．ignore
C．command
D．dislike
考点3．concern vt. (使)担忧；涉及；关系到
n. 担心；关注；(利害)关系
【教材原句】Tell your friend that you are concerned about him.
【例句研读】
(1)Don't concern yourself with other people's affairs. 别______他人的事。
(2)I always concern myself about my son's future.我总是______我儿子的将来。
(3)He doesn't bother about things that don't concern him.他不关心那些与他_______的事。
(4)As far as I’m concerned， the sooner, the better.________，越快越好。
(5) Concerning your letter, I'm pleased to inform you of what you are interested in._______你的信，我乐于奉告你所感兴趣的东西。
【归纳拓展】
concerning prep. 关于
concerned adj. 关心的；挂念的；有关的
show/express concern about/for 对……表示关心/担心
have concern with 和……有关系
with concern 关切地
concern oneself about/for 担忧/关心……
concern oneself with 从事，参与……
concern sb./sth. 与……有关
be concerned about/over/for 关心，挂念
be concerned with/in 牵扯进/参与……
all parties concerned 有关各方
as/so far as... be concerned 就……而言
【即时巩固】
(1)I will tell you that _____________________________________________________________(我关心你)．
(2)I don't want _____________________________________________________________(牵扯到这件事情里)．
(3)____________________________(就我而言), this is a good idea.
(4) What the public is_______about is whether medical workers and scientists will be able to find a cure for the new disease in a short time.
A．concerning
B．concern
C．concerned
D．to concern
考点4．series n. 系列；连续
a series of一连串的；一系列的
a series of exams
一连串的考试 a TV series
一部电视连续剧
【教材原句】“I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.”她说，“我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账。我要把这本日记当作我的朋友，我要把我这个朋友称作基蒂”。
【例句研读】
(1)Then began a series of wet days that spoiled our vacation.
之后就是_________下雨天，把我们的假期弄得一团糟。
(2)There was a series of car accidents at the crossing this morning.今天早晨在十字路口发生了_______交通事故。
【归纳拓展】
(1)series 属于单复数同形的单词，类似的单词还有 means, species, works(工厂)，deer, fish, sheep 等。
(2)“a series of＋复数名词”做主语时，谓语动词用单数，但“these/those series of＋复数名词”做主语时，谓语动词用复数。
【即时巩固】
(1)It is an article ______________________．这是一篇关于那部电视连续剧的文章。
(2)There's been ________________________ on this road recently. 最近在这条路上发生了一连串的事故。
(3)So far a series of problems ________ brought about by this decision.
A．haveB．has
C．have been
D．has been
考点5．settle vi. 安家；定居；停留
vt. 使定居；安排；解决
【教材原句】She found it difficult to settle and calm down in the hiding place, because she was concerned about whether they would be discovered.她觉得在藏身之处难以安定和平静下来，因为她担心他们是否会被发现。
【例句研读】
(1)She settled in the city after her father's death.父亲去世后她就在城市里_______。
(2)They settled their quarrel in a friendly way.他们友好地_____________。
(3)Let's settle down to the work.我们__________工作。
【归纳拓展】
settle in/into (使)适应(新的家、工作、环境等)，习惯于；安顿下来
settle down 安居下来；定居，过安定生活，舒适地坐下或躺下
settle on/upon 同意，决定；在某处停留/栖息
settle down to n．/v.－ing
get down to n．/v.－ing开始认真做……，专心于……
settle one's affairs 安排/解决好自己的事情
settle a dispute/an argument 解决争端
【即时巩固】
(1)I sorted out my mails, and then____________________________(开始做一些严肃的工作)．
(2)They________________________________________________________________________(结婚了并定居在) London.
(3) According to his letter,he had to _______ his affairs in Paris before he could return home．
A．settle
B．suffer
C．pack
D．persuade
考点6．suffer vt.& vi. 遭受；忍受；经历
【教材原句】She suffered from loneliness, but she had to learn to like it there. 她非常孤独，但她却不得不学着喜欢它。
【例句研读】
(1)They suffered a great loss in the earthquake.在地震中他们_______巨大损失。
(2)I'll suffer this rudeness no longer. 我再也不能_______这种粗鲁了。
(3)He's suffering from a bad cold.他正________重感冒。
(4)Wars caused suffering to this country. 战争给这个国家________苦难。
【归纳拓展】
suffering n. (身体、精神上的)痛苦，苦恼、苦难的经历
suffer pain/loss/defeat/punishment/hardship
遭受痛苦/损失/失败/惩罚/艰难
suffer from 受……折磨，受……之苦；患……疾病
【即时巩固】
1.Though we _________serious natural disasters, we are sure to overcome all difficulties. A．give away B．affect with C．suffer from D．deal with
2.______ such a heavy loss in the earthquake, they got help from all over the world.
A．Suffer
B．Having suffered
C．Suffered
D．To suffer
3. Iraq has _______ too many wars since the 1990s, making his people _______a lot.
A．got through; suffer from B．looked through; suffering
C．gone through; suffer D．passed through; suffered
考点7．recover vi.&vt. 痊愈；恢复；重新获得 recovery n. 恢复，复原；复得
【教材原句】How can Linda recover from her illness in this room when it’s so dirty and dusty?在这种脏并且布满灰尘的房间里，琳达的病怎么会恢复呢？
【例句研读】
(1)Liu Xiang is still recovering from his operation. 手术后，刘翔仍在________。
(2)He seemed upset but quickly recovered himself.他显得心烦意乱，但很快_______。
(3)He has made a slow recovery from the strain.他慢慢从紧张中_________过来。
【归纳拓展】
recover from sth. 从……中恢复到正常状态
(如健康、神智等)
recover sth. from... 从……中找回、重新获得
recover oneself 清醒过来
recover one's health/senses 恢复健康/知觉
【即时巩固】
1.She had a bad cold, but luckily began to _______ soon.
A．recover B．control C．lose D．reduce
2.After hospitals buy expensive equipment,they must try to __________ the money they had spent.
A．recover B．reduce C．remove D．receive
重点短语精讲
考点1．add up
【教材原句】Add up your score and see how many points you get.把你的分数加起来看看你能得多少分。
【例句研读】
(1)Can you add these figures up？你能把这些数字_______吗？
(2)All these figures add up to 5 000.所有这些数字________5 000。
(3)He added some sugar to the coffee.他给咖啡里_________些糖。
【归纳拓展】
add up 合计
add sth. up 把……加起来
add up to 加起来共计/达
add...to... 把……加在/上……
add to 增加；增添
add that...补充说
【即时巩固】
用add或其相关短语的适当形式完成句子
(1)Will you ________some sugar ________the coffee, please?
(2)The piece of music ________our enjoyment.
(3)“I will come later.” he________ (补充说).
(4)________your score and see how many points you get.
选择填空
You’d better ________ your scores and see if you have passed the exam．
A．add up B．add up to C．add to D．add to up
考点2．go through
【教材原句】Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through?或者你是不是担心你的朋友会嘲笑你，会不理解你目前经历的困境呢？
【例句研读】
写出下列各句中 go through 的意思。
(1)We went through hardships while working on this project.________________
(2)The teacher has gone through all the papers of the students.
____________
(3)He has the habit of going through morning papers after getting up.________________
(4)It took us three days to go through the forest.____________
(5)I've gone through my ink.______________
【归纳拓展】
go through
＝experience 经历，经受
＝examine carefully 仔细检查
＝look through 浏览，翻阅
＝pass (through) 通过，经过
＝be used up 用完
【即时巩固】
根据汉语提示完成句子
(1)She ________________________________________________(翻遍她所有的衣服) to find something to wear at the party.
(2)The two countries ______________________(经历了很多战争).
选择填空
Remember to ______ the pockets before you put those trousers in the washing machine.
A．get through
B．pass through
C．go through
D．get along with
考点3．set down
【教材原句】“I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.”她说，“我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账。我要把这本日记当作我的朋友，我要把我这个朋友称作基蒂”。
【例句研读】
(1)Why don't you set your ideas down on paper? 为什么你不把你的想法_______呢？
(2) Set that heavy bag down to have a rest.把那沉重的袋子______，休息一会儿。
(3)Please set me down at the next corner.请在下一个拐角处_______。
【归纳拓展】
set down
(1)＝write down 写下，记下
(2)＝put down 放下，搁下
(3)＝stop and allow sb. to get off 让某人下车
(4)＝explain or describe to oneself as 解释为，认为(与 as 连用)
set about doing sth.开始干某事(＝set out to do sth.)
set sb. a good example为……树立好榜样
【即时巩固】
根据汉语提示完成句子
(1)I
________________________________(已将每件事记了下来)that happened.
(2)Please ______________________________(写下你的想法) on a piece of paper.
考点4. in order to
【教材原句】For example, one evening when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself.比方说，有天晚上天气很暖和，我熬到11点半故意不睡觉，为的是独自好好看看月亮。
【例句研读】
翻译句子。
(1) In order to see it clearly, I put on my glasses. ＝I put on my glasses in order to see it clearly. ＝I put on my glasses so as to see it clearly.＝I put on my glasses to see it clearly.＝To see it clearly I put on my glasses. ____________________
(2) In order not to lose the job, she lied to the boss. _______________
【归纳拓展】
in order to 为了……
(1)in order to 引导的目的状语，可置于句首或句末，可换成 to (do sth.)。
so as to 引导的目的状语，其位置一般在句末。
(2)否定结构：in order not to do 和 so as not to do。
(3)前后两部分主语一致时，才能用 in order to 或 so as
to 来引导，否则，改用 so that 或 in order that 来引导。
【即时巩固】
同义句转换
(1)I went home in order that I could change my clothes.
＝I went home _______________________________________________my clothes.
＝I went home ________________ my clothes.
(2)We started early so that we could get to the meeting on time.
＝We started early ___________________________________________we could get to the meeting on time.
＝We started early ___________________________________________get to the meeting on time.
选择填空
After graduation he took all his works to London ______ get a good job there.
A．so that
B．in order that
C．in order to
D．as to
考点5．get along
【例句研读】I’m getting along well with a boy in my class.我和我们班上的一位男生一直相处的很好。
【例句研读】
翻译句子
(1)How is the work getting along？
(2)How are you getting along with your studies?
(3)Selfish men are hard to get along with.
【归纳拓展】
get along/on with与……相处
get along/on well/nicely with....进展(谈及或问及工作情况)
get along/on(well)with sb与某人相处(得好)
get along/on(well/smoothly)with sth某事进展(得很好/很顺利)
get back
返回，回去；寻回，找回
get in
到达；收割；上班
get over
解决；克服；控制
表示“进展，进行”时，get along＝get on，其中along和on是副词，其后不能直接加宾语。
【即时巩固】
完成句子
(1)How is he ____________________ his studies?他的学习进展如何？
(2)He ____________________________ his boss.他与老板相处得很好。
选择填空
Last night I came across the man ____ you think is pleasant to ________.
A．who; get along
B．whom; get along
C．who; get along with
D．whom; get along with
经典句型剖析
考点1 分词短语作状语
【教材原句】While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.你在遛狗的时候不小心让狗松脱了，接着它被一辆小车撞着了。
【句法分析】While walking the dog＝While you were walking the dog，这是状语从句的省略。在when, while, if, as if, though, as, where, unless等连词(词组)引导的状语从句中，如果谓语动词有be，而主语又跟主句的主语相同或为it时，则从句的主语和be常常省略。
【例句研读】
①When (I was) in Japan, I took many beautiful pictures.在日本时，我拍了许多漂亮的照片。
②While (I was) waiting, I read newspapers.我边等待，边看报纸。
③If (it were) not for you, we would not go there.要不是为你，我们就不会去那儿了。
④He looks as if (he were) drunk.他看上去像喝醉了。
⑤She went on working though (she was) exhausted.尽管她精疲力竭，但仍继续工作。
⑥Fill in the blanks with the given words; change the form where (it is) necessary.用所给词填空，必要的地方改变形式。
⑦I won't go unless (I'm) invited.除非被邀请，否则我不会去。
【考点聚焦】考查现在分词作状语，改写句子的原则是主句和从句的主语一致。这个句型是提高写作句子水平的重要手段。
【即时巩固】
When first ______ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.
A．introducing B．introduced
C．introduce
D．being introduced
考点2
should have done结构的虚拟语气
【教材原句】...tell him/her that he/she should have studied... ……告诉他/她本该学习……
【句法分析】should have done结构表示过去应该做某事而事实上没有做；而shouldn't have done则表示过去本不该做某事而实际上却做了，两者皆含有“责备”的口吻。
【例句研读】
①You should have finished your homework yesterday.你昨天就该做完作业。
②You shouldn't have told him about it.你本来不应该告诉他这件事情。
拓展：其他“情态动词＋have＋done”结构：
(1)must have done对过去发生的事情的肯定推测。“一定……”。
(2)can't/couldn't have done对过去发生的事情的否定推测。“不可能……”。
(3)needn't have done过去没有必要做却做了。“本来没必要做……”。
(4)ought (not) to have done＝should (not) have done
(5)might/may have done过去可能做了某事(可能性小)。“可能做了……”。
(6)could have done过去本可能做而未做。“本来能做……”。
(7)would have done愿意做某事却不能做。“本来想要做……”。
【考点聚焦】含有should虚拟语气的用法
【即时巩固】
Oh, I'm not feeling well in the stomach. I ______ so much fried chicken just now.
A．shouldn't eat
B．mustn't have eaten
C．shouldn't have eaten
D．mustn't eat
考点3 含有the+序数词+time句型的时态
【教材原句】...it was the first time in a year and a half that I'd seen the night face to face...
……这是我一年半以来第一次观察夜晚……
【句法分析】It is/was the first time(that)．..这是一个固定句式，it可换成this或that; first可换成second, third等，以表达不同的意义。
(1)It is the first time that...后接现在完成时；It was the first time that...后接过去完成时；It will be the first time that...后接现在完成时。
(2)the first time可起从属连词作用，引导时间状语从句。
The first time I saw her, my heart stopped.
我第一次见到她时，心脏都停止了跳动。
(3)for the first time意为“第一次”，单独用做状语。
He was cheated for the first time.他第一次被骗了。
【例句研读】
①This is the fourth time she's rung you in a week.这是她一周内第四次给你打电话。
②It was the second time that he had been out with her alone.这是他第二次单独跟她外出。
③It will be the second time that I have got the prize.那将是我第二次获得该奖。
【考点聚焦】考查动词时态
【即时巩固】
1.—Have you ever been here before?
—No. This is the first time that I ______ to the Great Wall.
A．comes
B．have been
C．came
D．had come
2．This is the first time that we ________a film in the cinema together as a family .
考点4
with的复合结构
【教材原句】Mother asked her if/whether she was very hot with so many clothes on.妈妈问她穿这么多衣服是不是很热。
【句法分析】“with＋n.＋形容词/副词/介词短语/分词/动词不定式”这种结构在句中经常做状语，表示原因、方式或伴随状态。如果分词的动作与前面的名词是主动关系，用现在分词；如果是被动关系，则用过去分词；如果表示一个未来的动作就用不定式。
【例句研读】
①He lay on his back, with his eyes looking up into the sky. 他躺着，眼瞅着天空。
②With his homework done, he went out to play.完成作业，他就出去玩了。
③With the guide to lead us, we'll have no difficulty finding his house.有导游带路，我们将不费力地找到他家。
④He came in, with a book in his hand.他手里拿着一本书走了进来。
⑤He is used to sleeping with the windows open.他已经习惯了开着窗户睡觉。
⑥He often sleeps with the light on.他经常开着灯睡觉。
【考点聚焦】with的复合结构
【即时巩固】
______ five minutes ______ before the last bus left, we arrived at the station.
A．There were; go
B．With; to go
C．It was; left
D．It had; left
考点5 强调句型
【教材原句】I wonder if it's because I haven't been able to be outdoors for so long that I've grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。
【句法分析】
It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who…强调句
(1)强调句一般疑问句形式：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who…？
(2)强调句特殊疑问句形式：疑问词＋is/was it＋that/who…？
【注意事项】
(1)判断方法：将强调句型中的“It is/was”，“that/who”同时去掉，看剩下的部分句子结构是否仍然完整。若完整，则是强调句型；反之，则不是。
(2)强调主语或宾语且其为人称代词时，应注意其形式：仍用主格或宾格形式。
(3)强调主语时，that或who后面的谓语动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致。
【例句研读】
1.It was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.
直到我到这里我才意识到此地不仅因其美丽，更因其天气而闻名。
2.It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village that the hostess cooked such a nice dinner.
正是女主人用她在村庄里购买的一些必需品才烹调出这么美味的晚宴。
【即时巩固】
【2016·天津】13. You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel ____ the coach picks up tourists.
A. who
B. which
C. where
D. that
【2016·上海】(B)
But like so many other things, it is only too much stress(34)______ does you harm.