写作进阶提升之六
写作进阶提升 ——书面表达常见错误及对策 常见错误有以下几个方面：
1.审题错误
抓不住文章的所要写的要点 例文 （1）中国学生通常过生日的方式，如生日聚会、生日礼物、生日祝福等；（2）我认为有意义的庆祝方式以及这样做的目的或理由。
Chinese Birthday
First let me show you something about the Chinese birthday. Usually it includes three parts: party, gift and good rewards. On the birthday, we often wear our favorite clothes , which makes us very happy. We also will organize a birthday party in the evening. At the party, we’ll prepare lots of delicious foods, especially the birthday cake. Then we will eat the cake. We sing and dance together. At last, we’ll take the gift to the person who was born on that day. In the gift there will be a card, on which are our best wishes. 2.格式错误
不熟悉常见应用文的格式
需要熟练掌握的应用文有：书信、日记、通知（分书面通知和口头通知） Receiver’s address Date Dear …, Body of the letter… Sincerely/Truly Yours, Writer’s name Saturday, February 14th. 2007, Sunny
The body of the your diary… Boys and girls, may I have your attention, please? / Attention please, everyone.
……… That’s all. Thank you! 口头通知 书面通知
Notice
……
Student’s Union
3. 词法错误 1)用词重复 如：return back; repeat again; Chinese students in China have our own way to celebrate birthday. 2) 用词不当 如：把bring写成“take”，“get”，“fetch”等 把欢迎某人到我校写成welcome you to visit our school 正确的说法是：You are welcome to visit our school.或Welcome to our school.
3)词性混淆 A.不及物动词当成及物动词： 例如：is happened / is belonged to/ come (to) the city/ return (to) the place B.把形容词用作动词如： 例如：This will happy the foreign visitors.
Please ready a small gift.
C.不可数名词用成可数名词： 例如:make a great progress
what a fine weather day!
D.形容词和副词的使用错误 例如：work hardly
talk friendly
Don’t take it serious. 4）虚词错误 A.冠词的漏用和误用 例如：Send him a email. B.介词使用错误 例如：They had to wait the bus under the hot sun. under the sun:普天之下 5）拼写错误 把礼物present写成peasant –parents, pleasant, 如把present写成parents那行文就成了please bring along your small parents for this purpose. Remember to wrap it up. sign your name and write a few words of good wishes.
注意同形词:model-medal-mental-metal
effort-effect-offer-affect
abroad-board-broad-aboard
strict-strike-stick 注意易拼错单词：modern, government, destroy, true, official等
4. 句法错误 1）连词错误 如：because 与 so; although/though 与 but同时使用。或两个句子之间没有连词，如：He likes English, I like Maths. 2) 汉式英语 如：“晚会将在主楼花园顶上举行。”写成” The party will in the main building roof garden held.”
“操场上有五个学生在踢足球。”写成 “On the playground there are five students play football.” 把There will be a party写成There will have a party. 3）句子前后不一致 学生常常容易在文章中的时态、语态、人称、主谓一致出现错误。 如：The place can solve the problem.
The book was disappeared last week.
Mr Smith, with his wife, have arrived in Shanghai.
I will go to visit you as soon as I will return to China.
You should work hard. If not, we will fail to pass the exam. 四．对策 １．词汇是保证，语法是基础，句型是关键 ２．如何写好句子
写好句子有许多方法和技巧，谈谈句子的基本结构及与汉语的一些区别。 A.确定主语
英语句子无论多长都有自己的主语（祈使句除外）。动手写句子首先要确定主语，其次要特别注意汉语与英语的区别。其中几点请学生注意： A.汉语中的主语不一定是英文中的主语。 例如： 北京八月多雨。英文中不说“Beijing rains much in August.”而说“It rains much in Beijing in August.” 英文中主谓语有时需要倒装，汉语则不需要。例如： Only then did I realize how important it is to study English
B.动词是关键
英文中没有动词就构不成句子，但英语动词千变万化，稍不注意就会写错句子。在写句子时应特别注意以下几个方面。 注意及物与不及物动词的正确运用。 注意非延续性动词的用法。 注意一些不可用作被动语态的动词。 注意一些动词的特殊用法。 注意那些汉译意思相同实际用法不同的词。 注意动词的时态及时态的一致。 注意部分常用动词及动词词组的辨异，否则，差之毫厘，谬以千里，以下是一些容易混淆的动词词组。
be tired of 因……烦恼
be tired from 因……感到累
wear 穿（状态）put on 穿（动作） be compared with 与……比较
be compared to 把……比作
be made from 由……制作（改变本质） be made up of 由……构成 be made of 由……制成(不改变本质) find 找（结果）look for 找（动作） look at 看（动作）
see 看（结果）
be used to 习惯于
used to 过去常常
1） “启”---创造良好开端 常用表达 “启”的过渡词语和词组有: in the first place, first of all, firstly, generally speaking, to start with, to begin with等。
常用表达 “启”的句型有: as is known to all/ as we all know; as the proverb says; it is often said that…; as a new ways of…; there have been many changes…; it is clear/ obvious等。 3．用好 “启、承、转。合”的词语和句子 例句： （天津）As we all know, we are what we eat. Therefore, it’s very important for us to form healthy eating habits. (北京）It’s often said that all work without play makes Jack a dull boy. As the proverb says, no pains, no gains. 2）“承”---顺势承上启下
常用表达“承”的过渡词语和词组有：secondly; in addition; besides; furthermore; moreover; what is more; what is worse, for example; in other words, especially, particularly, obviously, at the same time, no doubt等 常用表达 “启”的句型有:compared with that…; as far as I know; It is true that…; It is known to all that…; It can be easily proved that…; the reason why….; There is no doubt that…; It is no wonder that…; what is more serious is that…等。例句： （湖北）It is known to us that some students cheat in examination at school.
(福建)
As far as I know, English learning should start from childhood.
3）“转”---巧妙转折过渡
常用表达“转”的过渡词语和词组有：but, however, on the other hand, on the contrary, in any case, or, or else, while, despite, in spite of, regardless of, instead 常用表达 “转”的句型有: Every coin has two sides. But for…, I would never…; another example is that…; Taking everything into consideration; That’s why I feel that…等 例句：But for his help, I would never succeed in my experiment.
Taking everything into consideration, you have to work much hard than before to win the competition. 4）“合”---完美结束全文
常用表达“合”的过渡词语和词组有：in a word, in general, in short, above all, finally, in conclusion, at last, in summary, as a result, above all, on the whole等
常用表达 “合”的句型有: something must be done to….; it can be safely concluded from… that…; in my opinion; we can draw the conclusion that… it may be briefly summed up as follows等 例句 We can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others.
Something must be done / some measures must be taken to improve our environment.
It may be briefly summed up as follows: it’s high time that our government took some measures to improve our environment A.”启“
根据所给提示句型完成下列句子： First of all, you should… 首先你们必须在用餐前洗手。 2. Some of us think that it’s better to… 我们有些人认为看电影比读原著好。 3. To some extent, the way… 我们的交际方式在一定程度上取决于我们的文化。 B.”承“ ________（加之，而且），I have a lot of homework to do. _________(此外）, we should improve our study methods and get well prepared for the exam. __________________(更重要的是）is that you should listen attentively in class and do you homework carefully. What’s more Besides What is more important
C. “转”
1. As students, we often take exams at school, ______ sometimes we have too many exams which are too difficult for us.
2. I don’t think every one has tried his best. ____________, some of us are lazy and don’t work hard at their lessons.
3.The situation is getting better. _________ , there are still some problems, such as water and air pollution and heavy traffic in rush hours. but On the contrary However D. “合” I have talked a lot. _________ , it is wrong to cheat in exams. ___________ , it seems to me that measures are an important part of our life. In a word In summary