走向高考 · 英语 路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索 人教版(课标卷地区) · 高考总复习
语法专项突破
第二部分 专题二 代词与介词 第二部分 代 词 一、代词的分类 人称代词 主格 I,you,he,she,it,we,they 作主语或表语 He is one of my best friends.
宾格 me,you,him,her,it,us,them
作宾语:在省略句中单独使用或在not后,多用宾格 ①-I like English.
-Me too.
②-Have more wine?
-Not me.
物主代词 形容词性 my,your,his,her,its,our,their 作定语 I don't know why your book is on my desk.
名词性 mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,theirs 作主语、表语或宾语 ①May I use your pen?Yours works better. ②The life I have is yours. 反身代词 myself,yourself,himself, herself,itself, ourselves,yourselves,themselves 作宾语、表语或同位语 ①Make yourself at home.
②I'm not quite myself today.
③I think I myself can do it. 指示代词 this,that,those,these,such,some 作主语、表语、宾语或定语 ①This is a novel and that is a magazine.
②In those days they could not go to school.
温馨提示 常见的带反身代词的一些固定搭配:
by oneself独自地;for oneself亲自;enjoy oneself玩得开心,过得愉快 ;Behave yourself!规矩点!devote oneself to专心于;献身于;apply oneself to专心致志于;adapt oneself to适应于;help oneself to擅自取用
二、不定代词的用法
1.something,anything,nothing的区别 something (1)一般用于肯定句,表示“某事,某物”;被认为是重要的或值得注意的事。
(2)也可用于疑问句,表示请求、邀请、征询意见等。
anything (1)表示“任何东西,任何事物”,一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件句;
(2)也可用于肯定句,当“任何事情”讲;
(3)anything but 根本不。
nothing 表示“没有什么,没有一件东西”,常用于陈述句,表示否定意义。
①There is something in his words.We should have a try.
他说的话不无道理,我们应该试一试。
②—What do you think of the lecture?
—Anything but interesting but I've managed to survive it.
——你认为讲座怎么样? ——一点意思都没有,但是我还是坚持着听完了。
2.none,nothing,no one/nobody的用法比较 none none既指人也指物,后面可接of短语,一般用来回答how many,how much和which的提问。
nothing nothing只指事物,后面不能接of短语,用来回答what的提问。
no one/ nobody no one和nobody只指人不指物,其后不接of短语,一般回答who的提问。
①—How much bread is there?
—None.I wish you could offer me some.
——还有多少面包?
——一点没有了。我希望你能给我一些。
②—What have you been doing today?
—Oh,nothing special,just hanging around.
——今天你都干了什么?
——哦,没有什么特别的,只是闲逛。
3.the other,other,another,others的用法比较 the other,other the other 可单独使用,特指两个人或物中的“另一个”;也可修饰名词表示“另外的……”。other不能单独使用,只能修饰名词,表示泛指意义。
another 可单独使用,也可修饰名词,泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”,代替或修饰单数可数名词。另外another后可接“基数词/few+复数名词”形式,表示“另外的……(多少)”。
others 单独使用,表示泛指意义,意为“其他的人或事物”,常与some一起出现;特指“其他的全部人或事物”时用the others。
①I'll spend half of my holiday practising English and the other half learning drawing. 我准备把我假日时间的一半用来练习英语,另一半时间学习绘画。
②The microblog has become another classroom for me,and the teachers are all big names in academia. 微博已成为我的第二课堂,这里的老师们都是学术界的大师级人物。
③You are a team star!Working with others is really your cup of tea.
你是队里的明星!与别人一起工作的确是你的所爱。 4.it,that,one的用法比较
it 特指前面提到过的同一个人或者物 I can't find my hat,I don't know where I put it.
that that用来替代前面出现的特指的单数可数名词或特指的不可数名词,相当于the+单数/不可数名词 ①The basic design of the car is very similar to that of the earlier model.
这款车的基本设计与之前车型的设计非常相似。
②The scenery in the southern mountains is quite different from that of the city in the north.
南部山区的风景与北部城市的风景迥异。
one 指代前面出现过的那类事物中的“一个”,其复数形式为ones。
①We've been looking for a cheap house but haven't found one yet.
我一直在找一个便宜的房子但是还没有找到。
②Mr.Zhang gave me a very valuable present,one(=a present) that I had never seen. 张先生给我一件非常有价值的礼物,一件我从来没有见过的礼物。
③The book on the desk is better than the one(=the book)under the desk.
桌上的那本书比桌下的那本书好。
三、指示代词的用法
1.this,these,that,those的用法 this与these往往指时间或空间较近的人或物;that与those指时间或空间较远的人或物。
Is there any way of solving these problems?
有什么解决这些问题的方法吗?
2.such,so的用法
(1)such指如前所述的这样的人或物。
Such is Cao Mao Sister,a diligent farmer with great passions in music. 这就是草帽姐,一个勤劳同时又对音乐有很大的热情的农民。
(2)so作指示代词时,代替一个句子或短语所表达的事情,一般用在believe,think,expect,suppose,imagine,guess,hope等后面,如I think so./I don't think so.
—Is he coming tonight?
—I think so./I don't think so.
——他今晚来吗?
——我想是的。/我认为他不来。
四、it的用法 it作形式主语或形式宾语代指不定式、动词-ing形式、名词性从句。
①He didn't make it clear when and where the meeting would be held.
②It's no use complaining without taking action.
表示“喜欢、恨”等心理方面的动词后面接it,构成固定结构,这类动词有enjoy,prefer,love,like,hate,dislike,appreciate等。 —A lovely day,isn't it? —Yes.I love it when the weather is like this.Why not go out for a walk? when it comes to...当提及到……
When it comes to saving energy,big changes start with small steps,like turning off the lights. make it成功;确定时间为……(后接时间类名词);as it is事实上;照原样;get it明白了; take it for granted that...认为……是理所当然的…… Sarah made it to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.
介 词 一、表示空间关系的介词 off 离开,偏离
at 在……上
around 在……周围
on 在……上
in 在……里
over 在……正上方
above 在……上方
under 在……下面
below 在……下方
behind 在……后面
across 横跨
①The Well Hotel stands in a quiet place off the main road at the far end of the lake.
Well饭店坐落于湖尽头的大路附近一个非常安静的地方。
②Do you think this shirt is too tight across the shoulders?
你觉得这件衬衫在肩膀这个地方是不是太紧了?
二、表示时间的介词 at 在……时(强调时间点)
on 在……时(跟具体的某一天或某一天的上/下午)
in 在……之后,在哪一月/年
since 自从
for 长达
until 直到
during/over 在……期间
On the morning of my mother's birthday,I usually help my mother do some housework.
在我母亲生日那天上午,我通常帮我母亲做些家务。
三、表示工具、手段、方式、原因、所属关系的介词
with+具体的某物;by+动词-ing/工具;in+语言/颜色/原料等;for由于……的原因;of在……范围内。
Of all the animals I've ever had,these two dogs are the most sensitive to the spoken word.
在我养过的所有动物中,这两只狗对口头语言最敏感。 四、with复合结构
with复合结构常用来作状语,表示伴随、原因等,此外还可以作名词的定语。 搭配 示例
with+n./pron.+adj. ①He just sat there with his mouth open. ②I suddenly saw a man with one of his eyes closed.
with+n./pron.+adv. ①He fell asleep with the light still on.
②With her mother away,the girl felt lonely.
with+n./pron. +doing ①With so many people watching,she felt at a loss. ②In parts of Asia you must not sit with your feet pointing at another person.
with+n./pron.+done ①With the work done,they went for a swim.
②He stood for an instant with his hand raised.
with+n./pron.+prep.
①I sat down on one of those modern chairs with holes in it and waited.
②The old man walked with a stick in his hand.
with+n./pron.+to do ①With nothing to do,he slept the whole afternoon.
②With so much work to do,how can I expect some time of my own?
五、介词的固定短语 instead of 代替
other than/apart from 除……之外
because of/thanks to/due to/owing to 由于
by accident/chance 碰巧
on/above/below average 平均而言/在平均水平以上/在平均水平以下
in surprise/detail/brief/time 吃惊地/详细地/简言之/及时
on time/purpose 按时/故意地
on the contrary 正相反,相反地
Brown said he was by no means annoyed;on the contrary,he was glad to be able to make himself clearly understood. 布朗说他绝不生气,相反他很高兴能让别人清楚地了解他自己。
2017届高考英语一轮复习技能提升练:选修6 Unit 1《Art》(新人教版含解析)
2017届高考英语一轮复习技能提升练:必修2 Unit 4《Wildlife Protection》(新人教版含解析)
2017届高考英语一轮复习技能提升练:必修2 Unit 1《Cultural relics》(新人教版含解析)
2017届高考英语一轮复习指导课件:必修3 unit 5(新人教版)
2017届高考英语一轮复习技能提升练:选修6 Unit 5《The power of nature》(新人教版含解析)
2017届高考英语一轮复习指导课件:必修4 unit 1(新人教版)
2017届高考英语一轮复习技能提升练:必修3 Unit 5《Canada
2017届高考英语一轮复习技能提升练:必修3 Unit 3《The Million Pound Bank-Note》(新人教版含解析)
2017届高考英语一轮复习指导课件:必修3 unit 4(新人教版)
2017届高考英语一轮复习指导课件:选修6 unit 1(新人教版)
2017届高考英语一轮复习技能提升练:必修3 Unit 1《Festivals around the world》(新人教版含解析)
2017届高考英语一轮复习技能提升练:选修7 Unit 1《Living well》(新人教版含解析)
2017届高考英语一轮复习技能提升练:必修4 Unit 2《Working the land》(新人教版含解析)
2017届高考英语一轮复习技能提升练:选修6 Unit 4《Global warming》(新人教版含解析)
2017届高考英语一轮复习技能提升练:选修7 Unit 2《Robots》(新人教版含解析)
2017届高考英语一轮复习指导课件:必修4 unit 5(新人教版)
2017届高考英语一轮复习指导课件:必修4 unit 2(新人教版)
2017届高考英语一轮复习技能提升练:必修5 Unit 1《Great Scientists》(新人教版含解析)
2017届高考英语一轮复习技能提升练:必修2 Unit 5《Music》(新人教版含解析)
2017届高考英语一轮复习技能提升练:选修6 Unit 2《Poems》(新人教版含解析)
2017届高考英语一轮复习指导课件:选修7 unit 1(新人教版)
2017届高考英语一轮复习技能提升练:必修1 Unit 5《Nelson Mandela-a modern hero》(新人教版含解析)
2017届高考英语一轮复习指导课件:选修7 unit 2(新人教版)
2017届高考英语一轮复习指导课件:必修3 unit 1(新人教版)
2017届高考英语一轮复习指导课件:选修7 unit 3(新人教版)
2017届高考英语一轮复习指导课件:选修6 unit 5(新人教版)
2017届高考英语一轮复习技能提升练:必修4 Unit 1《Women of achievement》(新人教版含解析)
2017届高考英语一轮复习技能提升练:必修5 Unit 3《Life in the future》(新人教版含解析)
2017届高考英语一轮复习指导课件:选修6 unit 3(新人教版)
2017届高考英语一轮复习技能提升练:必修4 Unit 3《A taste of English humour》(新人教版含解析)