第一部分 必修四 Module 2
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2015·吉林二模)
In Los Angeles, drivers spend sixtyone hours every year stuck in traffic. These drivers know too well how bad the traffic can be. “There're too many cars, and you can't move around a lot.”
Professor Cyrus Shahabi also knows about traffic jams. He lives more than 65 kilometers from his office at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles. He is always late even with the help of a navigation (导航) system.
He decided to develop a program called ClearPath for that. He says his program uses historical data to predict traffic conditions even before the driver leaves the house.
“What's unique is that we use a lot of data that's currently become available including traffic data, weather data, and we analyze that so that we can predict what's going to happen in front of you when you leave home.”
Professor Shahabi says his system does more than just respond to current traffic conditions. With ClearPath, he says, a driver can decide what time he wants to leave, and ClearPath will give the fastest route. It looks at the entire road network, including surface streets as well as highways, before the driver hits the road. Professor Shahahi hopes to have ClearPath available nationwide and overseas once they can collect traffic data from other cities.
“I always thought that Los Angeles had the worst traffic, but now I know that Shanghai, Beijing, Seoul, Tokyo, believe it or not, Singapore, Hong Kong certainly are examples that can immediately use this.”
Professor Shahabi hopes to share this new technology with companies that already have navigation systems, such as Google and Apple.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。在洛杉矶，交通阻塞非常严重。赛勒斯·谢哈比教授决定开发一款名叫ClearPath的系统，这个系统可以利用历史数据，在司机出发前就可以预测道路的交通状况。
1．Drivers in Los Angeles were mentioned in order to ________.
A．show care for themB．introduce their life
C．solve traffic problems D．raise the topic
答案：D 推理判断题。文章第一段提到洛杉矶的交通阻塞非常严重，洛杉矶的司机对这一交通情况十分了解，也感到很无奈。提到司机的目的是为了引出下文，提出本文的主题。故选D项。
2．What is unique about ClearPath?
A．It can use a lot of information all over the world.
B．It can ensure that you will never be late for work.
C．It helps drivers see clearly what happens on the road.
D．It helps drivers know the road conditions ahead of time.
答案：D 细节理解题。根据第四段“What's unique is that we use a lot of data that's currently become available including traffic data, weather data, and we analyze that so that we can predict what's going to happen in front of you when you leave home.”可知，ClearPath系统可以分析多种数据，提前预测道路交通状况。故选D项。
3．The underlined word “hits” in the fifth paragraph probably means ________.
A．have an accident B．get to
C．turn left or right D．collect traffic data
答案：B 词义猜测题。根据第四段内容可知，在司机出发之前，这个系统会对路况进行分析。由此推断，before the driver hits the road意为“在司机上路之前”，hit意为“到达”。故选B项。
4．What's Professor Shahabi's attitude toward his invention?
A．Disappointed. B．Proud.
C．Optimistic. D．Worried.
答案：C 推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句、第六段以及最后一段可知，谢哈比教授认为他发明的系统有希望应用于全国乃至全世界各个国家，并且他希望能和一些公司分享自己的新发明。由此推断，他认为新发明的前景很乐观。故选C项。
Ⅱ.七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Doctors Say Most Heart Disease Preventable
Heart disease is the number one killer, worldwide, of men and women over the age of 60. But people of all ages die of heart attacks each year. And while death rates have declined in the U．S. and many western European countries, they are on the rise in the developing world. __1__.
No one would have guessed that Barbara Teng would have a heart attack. She was not overweight. She did not smoke or exercise. “In 2004，the week after I turned 49 ，when I was on a business trip in Chicago，I had a major heart attack，”she said.__2__. She now exercises daily, and monitors her heart health.
Dr. Patrice Nickens, who is with the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, thinks that heart disease is 82 percent preventable. “__3__，” she said.“Men are also facing the same problem, and the key to staying healthy is knowing your numbers.”
“Your weight, your blood cholesterol, blood sugar and your blood pressure are important numbers that can help you take action and reduce your risk，” she said.
__4__.
“And the steps to take are simple：don't smoke, maintain a healthy weight, exercise, know your numbers and talk to your physician and control these risks，” she said.
AfricanAmericans are at higherthanaverage risk for heart disease and stroke；people don't even know they have it, which increases the risk. Medstar Washington Hospital Center is trying to reach this population.__5__. For example, helping the people monitor their blood pressure. If people realize they are at risk for heart disease, they'll make lifestyle changes: lose weight, exercise, eat the right foods and keep in touch with a doctor.
A．A healthy lifestyle can prevent heart disease
B．So we must cure heart disease
C．It is the leading cause of death for women
D．With the right training, they can play an important role in community health
E．And that changed her life
F．Lack of exercise causes heart attacks
G．Yet most heart disease is preventable
语篇解读：本文为议论文。其主题是：绝大多数心脏病是可以预防的。
1．G 本段的功能是引出主题，即大多数心脏病是可以预防的，故答案为G项。
2．E 本空前面提到Barbara Teng在心脏病发作前不抽烟，不锻炼“did not smoke or exercise”，设空处后提到她开始每天锻炼“She now exercises daily”，由此可见心脏病发作改变了她的生活，故答案为E项。
3．C 根据设空后的“Men are also facing the same problem”可推知本空应为心脏病对女性的影响，C项中的“women”是一种暗示。
4．A 设空处下面介绍的内容都是生活方式的改变，故答案为A项“健康的生活方式可以预防心脏病”。
5．D 设空处后的句子“例如：帮助人们监测血压”作为例子用于说明本空的内容，通过逆向思维可推知本题答案为D项“通过正确的培训，他们可以在社区健康方面起很大的作用”。
Ⅲ.完形填空
The concept of solitude(独处) in the digital world is almost nonexistent. In the world of digital technology, email, social networking and online video games, information is meant to be __1__. Solitude can be hard to discover __2__ it has been given up. In this respect，new technologies have __3__ our culture.
The desire to be connected has brought solitude to a(n) __4__ as we've known it. People have become so __5__ in the world of networks and connections that one can often be contacted __6__they'd rather not be. Today we can talk, text, email, chat and blog (写博客), not only from our __7__， but from our mobile phones as well.
Most developed nations have become __8__ on digital technology simply because they've grown accustomed to it, and at this point not __9__ it would make them an outsider. __10__， many jobs and careers require people to be __11__. From this point of view, technology has changed the culture of work. Being reachable might feel like a __12__ to those who may not want to be able to be contacted at all times.
I suppose the positive side is that solitude is still possible for anyone who __13__ wants it. Computers can be shut __14__and mobile phones can be turned off. The ability to be “connected” and “on” has many __15__， as well as disadvantages. Travelers have ended up __16__ on mountains, and mobile phones have saved countless lives. They can also make people feel __17__ and forced to answer unwanted calls or __18__ to unwanted texts.
Attitudes towards our connectedness as a society __19__across generations. Some find today's technology a gift. Others consider it a curse. Regardless of anyone's view on the subject, it's hard to imagine what life would be like __20__ daily advancements in technology.
语篇解读：由于数码科学技术的发展，独处的机会不复存在。尽管人们对现代科技持有不同的看法，但是没有科技的进步，我们的生活完全会是另一个样子。
1．A.updated
B．received
C．shared
D．collected
答案：C 结合前面的“In the world of digital technology, email, social networking and online video games”可知，信息是要“共享的”，故答案选C。update“使现代化，更新”；receive“收到”；share“分享”；collect“收集；使集合”。
2．A.though
B．until
C．once
D．before
答案：C 句意：独处一旦被放弃就很难再找到。though“尽管，虽然”；until“直到……；在……之前(用于否定句)”；once“一旦，一经……便……”；before“在……之前”。结合句意可知应选C。
3．A.respected
B．shaped
C．ignored
D．preserved
答案：B 科学技术对文化产生影响，即：新技术塑造(shaped)了我们的文化，故选B。respect“尊敬，尊重”；shape“塑造，形成”；ignore“忽视，不理会”；preserve“保存，保护”。
4．A.edge
B．stage
C．end
D．balance
答案：C 结合下文内容可知，现代科技无处不在，即使不想联系都已不可能，故此处应为“要联系的这种欲望已经结束了独处”。此处为固定搭配bring sth.to an end“使某事结束”，因此应选C。
5．A.sensitive
B．intelligent
C．considerate
D．reachable
答案：D 根据下一段的最后一句“Being reachable might feel like a．..”可知应选D项。reachable“可达成的；可触及的”；sensitive“敏感的”；intelligent“聪明的”；considerate“周到的”。
6．A.even if
B．only if
C．as if
D．if only
答案：A 句意：人们已经处于一个网络与联系的世界里了，即使他们不想这样。此处为even if引导的让步状语从句。
7．A.media
B．computers
C．databases
D．monitors
答案：B 根据常识可知，“email，chat and blog(写博客)”一般是在电脑(computers)上完成的，但是还可以通过手机进行。
8．A.bent
B．hard
C．keen
D．dependent
答案：D 句意：大多数发达国家已经很依赖数字技术，仅仅是因为他们已经习惯了。dependent“依靠的，依赖的”，符合语境。
9．A.finding
B．using
C．protecting
D．changing
答案：B 和上句相对应，人们已经习惯了用数字技术，所以如果不用它，就将会使自己成为一个局外人。故答案为B项。
10．A.Also
B．Instead
C．Otherwise
D．Somehow
答案：A 本句是对上句内容的递进：人们不仅仅是依赖数字技术，而且许多工作也要求人们要通过数字技术联系起来。故A项符合语境。
11．A.connected
B．trained
C．recommended
D．interested
答案：A connect“联系，连接”；train“训练”；recommend“推荐”；interest“使感兴趣”。根据上题解析可知，A项符合语境。
12．A.pleasure
B．benefit
C．burden
D．disappointment
答案：C 根据后文中的否定含义可知，这种依赖对于不想被联系的人来说是个负担。pleasure“乐趣，乐事”；benefit“好处，益处”；burden“负担”；disappointment“失望”。
13．A.slightly
B．hardly
C．merely
D．really
答案：D 句意：独处对于那些真正(really)需要它的人来说，仍然是可能的。故D项符合语境。
14．A.out
B．down
C．up
D．in
答案：B 此处电脑关机和下文中的手机关机在语境上一致，故选B项。shut down computers“关闭电脑”。
15．A.aspects
B．weaknesses
C．advantages
D．exceptions
答案：C 根据后文中的“as well as disadvantages”可得知答案为C项advantages。aspect“方面”；weakness“弱点”；advantage“优点，优势”；exception“例外，除外”。
16．A.hidden
B．lost
C．relaxed
D．deserted
答案：B 句意：当旅行者在山上迷路时，手机可以救无数人的性命。故B项lost符合语境。
17．A.trapped
B．excited
C．confused
D．amused
答案：A 由后文中被迫接电话和发信息可知，手机也会使人们感到陷入困境(trapped)。excited“激动的，兴奋的”；confused“困惑的”；amused“愉悦的”。
18．A.turn
B．submit
C．object
D．reply
答案：D 结合生活常识可以判断，此处意为：答复电话和回复短信。turn to“转向；求助于”；submit to“递交”；object to“反对，反抗”；reply to“回复，答复”。
19．A.vary
B．arise
C．spread
D．exist
答案：A 此处是对全文的总结，即：人们对于如此联系着的社会存在各种各样的观点。vary“使多样化；不同”；arise“引起；上升”；spread“展开；扩展”；exist“存在”。故选A项vary。
20．A.beyond
B．within
C．despite
D．without
答案：D 此处是文章观点的升华，使用双重否定句突出主题，即：人们的生活离不开科技。beyond“在……之外”；within“在……范围内”；despite“尽管”；without“没有”。故D项符合语境。
Ⅳ.语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2015·甘肃普通高中联考)
The truth __1__ trees are vital to our life is not a secret. They provide us with food, wood and most __2__(important), oxygen. Now there is one more thing we can add to this list—blocking out harmful bacteria from water.
The discovery __3__(make) by a team __4__(consist) of scientists from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and high school students __5__ were seeking a natural water filter—one that would help communities in developing countries that do not have __6__(accessible) to modern water filter systems.
The __7__(research), led by Professor Rohit Karnik, decided to turn to trees for help because they could allow liquid to flow through, while blocking out air bubbles.
They began by cutting 1.5inchwide sections of tree bark from the branches of a white pine tree. The people related then tested the wood's filtering ability by pouring water containing red dye particles of different sizes through. __8__ their amazement, they found that it was effective in trapping all the particles. __9__(encourage), the team conducted __10__ experiment, this time with water that contained bacteria. Sure enough, the sapwood held back 99% of the bacteria, allowing only 1% to flow through.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
语篇解读：树木对于我们的日常生活非常重要。它们不仅给我们提供食物、木材，最重要的是它们还给我们提供生存必需的氧气。但树木对于我们的生活还有一个非常重要的作用，即它们可以阻止有害细菌进入我们的水源。
1．that 考查同位语从句。“__1__ trees are vital to our life”作the truth的同位语，该同位语从句不缺任何成分，故用that引导。
2．importantly 考查副词。most importantly“最重要的是”置于句首，修饰后面的整个句子，相当于It is most important that...。
3．was made 考查时态和语态。本句在讲述过去的事情故用一般过去时；主语the discovery与make为被动关系，故用被动语态。
4．consisting 考查非谓语动词作定语。consist of“由……构成”。a team与consist of为逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词形式作定语。
5．who/that 考查定语从句。先行词为high school students，将先行词代入定语从句后为：The high school students were seeking a natural water filter.由此可见关系词在定语从句中作主语且指“人”，故用who/that引导。
6．access 考查动词短语。have access to“接近，可以利用”。
7．researchers 考查名词。根据上下文语境可知此处应该填入名词复数researchers。此处表示“这些由Professor Rohit Karnik带领的研究人员决定求助于树木”。
8．To 考查介词短语。to one's amazement“使某人吃惊的是”。
9．Encouraged 考查非谓语动词作状语。encourage与主语the team之间为逻辑上的被动关系，所以用过去分词作状语。
10．another 考查限定词。上文已说到他们做了一个实验，此处表示受到第一个实验的结果的鼓舞，他们又做了一个实验。another“另一，再一”。