第一部分 必修四 Module 3
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2015·东北三省三校二联)
The stories we share with one another are important. They show wisdom and provide inspiration. They are important to our development. But sometimes people choose not to tell.
Consider the negative effects of not sharing a story in the news: People are wondering if public health officials are holding back too much information about the recent outbreak of Ebola.
There is a danger in holding back stories that ought to be told. Bobette Buster said it like this, “The fact is, history has shown us that stories not told can become like a dangerous genie (妖怪) left in a bottle. When they are finally uncorked,_their power to destroy is set free.”
There are a number of reasons why we hide parts of our story: they often show our weaknesses or expose our disadvantages；they require courage and strength to share; and of course, there are some stories that should be kept secret—especially those that embarrass someone else.
Most of us have two selves: the one we display on the outside and the one we actually are on the inside. And the better we get at hiding the stories that show our true selves, the more damage we may be causing to ourselves and to others.
Honesty and openness is important：It proves we are trustworthy. It displays we are human. We are not perfect or better. It highlights the importance of hard work and personal development. Hard work may not allow us to overcome our disadvantages completely. But with hard work, we do not have to be restricted to our mistakes.
Does this mean we admit every weakness, every disadvantage and every secret regret to everybody we meet? No, of course not. There is a time and a place and a certain level of relationship necessary for some stories to be told in an appropriate manner.
语篇解读：本文为议论文。本文作者论证了人们之间彼此分享自身经历的重要性。
1．What's the function of the example in Paragraph 2?
A．It reflects that people are concerned about the spread of Ebola.
B．It shows the bad effect caused by sharing a story.
C．At proves not sharing a story can cause trouble.
D．It concludes that one should share a story at a proper time.
答案：C 推理判断题。文章第一段告诉读者分享经历很重要；第二段介绍资讯封锁的负面影响也是通过证明不分享消息带来的麻烦从反面来说明论点，故答案为C项。
2．One of the reasons why people are unwilling to share experiences is that ________.
A．storysharing highlights the importance of hard work
B．people are used to exposing their weaknesses
C．people sometimes have no courage to share their stories
D．some stories make themselves feel uneasy
答案：C 事实细节题。根据第四段中“they often show our weaknesses or expose our disadvantages；they require courage and strength to share”可知人们之所以不愿意和别人分享自己的经历是因为他们缺乏勇气，故答案为C项。
3．Which is close in meaning to the underlined word “uncorked” in Paragraph 3?
A．Freed. B．Broken.
C．Unfolded. D．Untouched.
答案：A 猜测词义题。这里将被封锁的消息比作装在瓶子里的妖怪，一旦将瓶子打开，它们的破坏力就会被释放出来。由此可知答案为A项。
4．The writer aims to convince us to ________.
A．be open to people close to us by sharing some secrets
B．share stories appropriately for the good of others and ourselves
C．remove the dangers that can be caused by untold stories
D．realize the importance of being honest when making friends
答案：B 推理判断题。通读全文尤其是第五段中的第二句“And the better we get at hiding the stories that show our true selves, the more damage we may be causing to ourselves and to others.”及文章最后一句可知作者写这篇文章的目的是说服我们为了自己和他人应适当分享自己的经历。
B
(2015·黑龙江哈三中三模)
Two new studies suggest that modern running shoes could increase the risk of injuries to runners.
One study involved sixtyeight healthy young women and men who ran at least twentyfour kilometers a week. The runners were observed on a treadmill machine (跑步机). Sometimes they wore running shoes. Other times they ran barefoot (赤脚)．
Researchers from the JKM Technologies Company in Virginia, the University of Virginia and the University of Colorado did the study.
They found that running shoes create more stress that could damage knees, hips and ankle joints than running barefoot. They observed that the effect was even greater than the effect reported earlier for walking in high heels.
The study appeared in the official scientific journal of The American Academy of Physical Medicine.
The other study appeared in the journal Nature. It compared runners in the United States and Kenya. The researchers were from Harvard University in Massachusetts, Moi University in Kenya and the University of Glasgow in Scotland.
They divided the runners into three groups. One group had always run shoeless. Another group bad always run with shoes. And the third group had changed to shoeless running.
Runners who wear shoes usually come down their heel first. That puts great force on the back of the foot. But the study found that barefoot runners generally land on the front or middle of their foot. That way they ease into their landing and avoid striking their heel.
Harvard's Daniel Lieberman led the study. He says the way most running shoes are designed may explain why those who wear them land on their heel. The heel of the shoe is bigger and heavier than other parts of the shoe, so it would seem more likely to come down first. Also, the heel generally has thick material under it to soften landings.
But the researchers do not suggest that runners immediately start running barefoot. They say it takes some training. And there can be risks, like running when your feet are too cold to feel if you get injured.
The study was partly supported by Vibrato, which makes a kind of footwear that it says is like running barefoot. The findings have gotten a lot of attention. But the researchers say there are many problems in the way the press has reported in their paper. So they have tried to explain their findings on a Harvard Website.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，穿着跑鞋跑步其实对身体并不好，赤脚跑步反而可以在一定程度上避免奔跑带来的损伤。
5．What's the main idea of the passage?
A．Walking in high heels could cause less serious effects than running barefoot.
B．Two new discoveries encourage people to run in high heels.
C．Running in shoes is partly good to runners.
D．Two new studies prove running without shoes is less risky to runners in most cases.
答案：D 主旨大意题。第一段“Two new studies suggest that modern running shoes could increase the risk of injuries to runners。”点出了文章的主题：穿跑鞋跑步会增加受伤的风险。在下文的试验中多次提到赤脚跑步的损伤较小。由此可推断本文的主旨大意是赤脚跑步对运动员来说风险较小。故选D项。
6．Which part of our body could be injured if we run in running shoes?
A．Toes. B．Hips.
C．Feet. D．Legs.
答案：B 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“They found that running shoes create more stress that could damage knees，hips and ankle joints than running barefoot.”可知，应选B项。
7．What can we learn from the passage?
A．The way that we run by landing on the front or middle of our foot could avoid damaging our heel.
B．We should start running barefoot in no time.
C．Running in modern running shoes could cause more serious effects than running in high heels.
D．We won't be injured if we run barefoot.
答案：A 推理判断题。根据第八段第三至四句“But the study found that barefoot runners generally land on the front or middle of their foot.That way they ease into their landing and avoid striking their heel.”可知，赤脚跑步是前脚掌先落地，这样可以避免给脚后跟造成更多的压力。故A项正确。
8．What is the writer's attitude toward the use of the modern running shoes?
A．Persuasive. B．Negative.
C．Objective. D．Supportive.
答案：C 推理判断题。通篇文章作者都在引用研究结果和专家意见，故只是在客观陈述事实，而没有发表个人意见。故选C项。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Long long ago, there was a small village. This village had a __1__ tradition. At the beginning of every year, any boy who had reached the age of majority (成年) was given land and money to build a home. The boy had to __2__ his home before winter. If his home failed to endure the cold weather in winter, the villagers could not __3__ him in any way.
One __4__， Paul and Marc reached their majority. They __5__ their land and money and decided to search nearby villages for ideas on building their homes. In each village, they found the nicest __6__ and talked to the owners. Each owner gladly offered __7__.
After Marc saw several homes, he __8__ the best ideas and went back to his own land. Paul, __9__， continued collecting more ideas. Soon he had so many great ideas that he began to __10__ some of them. But he always believed he could find even better ideas in the next village.
Marc began building his home. He had several __11__starts, but his home gradually rose from his land. By fall, Marc had finished his home. It wasn't perfect, but it was strong and he could __12__ it later. Paul enjoyed all the beautiful homes and __13__ with home owners. The first snow came and Paul, realizing he was running out of time, __14__back to his land. He built the best home he could in the time he had, but it was __15__. The first winter storm destroyed his home and be froze to __16__. The villagers mourned for him.
Marc __17__ the winter. Each year, Marc searched for other good ideas he could use to make his own home look better. He became a leader in the village，__18__ a family, and lived a happy, content life.
We all build and improve our own mental homes. It's __19__ and fun for us to search for ideas from other mental home owners, but we only improve our own mental home if we actually __20__ the best ideas.
语篇解读：本文通过一个故事告诉我们，无论是精神世界还是物质世界，一些想法的寻找是简单的，但是想法的运用却是另外一回事。
1．A.strange B．hopeful
C．literary
D．cultural
答案：A 句意为：很久很久以前，有一个小村庄有着一个奇怪的传统。每到年初，已成年的男孩就会拿到一块地和资金(自己动手)去修建自己的房屋。strange意为“奇怪的”；hopeful意为“有希望的”；literary意为“文艺的，书本的”；cultural意为“文化的”。根据下句“At the beginning of every year，any boy who had reached the age of majority(成年)was given land and money to build a home.”对这个传统的描述可知这个传统很独特，故A项符合语境。
2．A.find
B．make
C．complete
D．buy
答案：C 根据语境可知此处表示在冬天到来前就要完成房屋的修建，所以用complete“完成”，故C项正确。倒数第三段第三句“By fall，Marc had finished his home.”中也有同义词出现：finish，据此也可知答案。
3．A.help
B．encourage
C．scold
D．persuade
答案：A help意为“帮助”；encourage意为“鼓励”；scold意为“责骂”；persuade意为“说服，劝说”。倒数第三段中“The first snow came and Paul，realizing he was running out of time，__14__back to his land.”说到，保罗由于修建的房子不好，被冻死了，人们都来哀悼他，但没有帮助他度过寒冬，由此可以看出，在这一奇怪的传统中，别人是不能提供帮助的，所以选help。
4．A.winter
B．summer
C．autumn
D．spring
答案：D 根据第一段第三句“At the beginning of every year...”可知成年的男孩是在每年的年初拿到一块地和资金的，故此处D项spring“春天”符合语境。
5．A.exchanged
B．received
C．recognized
D．advised
答案：B exchange意为“交换”；receive意为“收到”；recognize意为“认出，承认”；advise意为“建议，忠告”。根据第一段第三句中“...was given land and money to build a home.”可知被给予土地和资金，故此处用主动形式表示他们收到，故B项正确。
6．A.girls
B．jobs
C．houses
D．presents
答案：C 根据上文可知他们要建的是房子，这是在外出考察，自然是找最好的房子和房主交谈以获得如何建好房子的建议，故C项正确。文中也有多处同义词home的复现。
7．A.rooms
B．drinks
C．attention
D．advice
答案：D 根据下一段中“Soon he had so many great ideas that he began to __10__some of them.”中的idea可推断此处表示每一位房主都很乐意提供给他们(关于如何建好房子的)建议，故D项advice正确。
8．A.expected
B．gathered
C．created
D．understood
答案：B expect意为“期待，预期”；gather意为“搜集”；create意为“创造”；understand意为“理解”。根据此空后的“the best ideas”和第9空后的“continued collecting more ideas”可知此处表示马克参观了几栋房子，把房主们提供的建议搜集起来，故B项正确。
9．A.similarly
B．finally
C．however
D．furthermore
答案：C similarly意为“同样地，类似于”；finally意为“最后，终于”；however意为“然而”；furthermore意为“此外，而且”。根据语境可知马克开始建房，而保罗却仍在继续搜集如何建房的建议，两者之间是转折关系，故C项正确。
10．A.forget
B．believe
C．replace
D．doubt
答案：A forget意为“忘记”；believe意为“认为，相信”；replace意为“代替”；doubt意为“怀疑”。根据下一句“But he always believed he could find even better ideas in the next village.”可知此处表示由于搜集的好的修建房屋的建议太多了，以至于忘了一部分，故A项正确。
11．A.fine
B．amazing
C．false
D．rapid
答案：C fine意为“好的”；amazing意为“令人惊奇的”；false意为“错误的”；rapid意为“迅速的”。根据“He had several __11__ starts和his home gradually rose from his land”之间是转折关系，可知开始时并不理想，故C项正确。
12．A.repair
B．rebuild
C．sell
D．improve
答案：D repair意为“修理，修建”；rebuild意为“重建，改造”；sell意为“销售”；improve意为“改善，增加”。根据倒数第二段第二句“Each year，Marc searched for other good ideas he could use to make his own home look better.”中的“make his own home look better”可知他所修的房子可以在建成后随时改良，故D项正确。
13．A.conversations
B．achievement
C．struggles
D．arguments
答案：A conversation意为“交谈，会话”；achievement意为“成就”；struggle意为“奋斗，努力”；argument意为“争论”。根据第二段的“In each village，they found the nicest __6__ and talked to the owners.”可知此处表示“和业主交谈”，故A项正确。
14．A.drove
B．rushed
C．flew
D．moved
答案：B 根据语境可知此处表示冬天来了，第一场雪使Paul意识到建房子所剩的时间不多了，所以自己便急匆匆地往回赶，故B项rush“冲、奔；急匆匆地赶”正确。
15．A.weak
B．funny
C．small
D．excellent
答案：A weak意为“虚弱的，不牢固的”；funny意为“滑稽的”；small意为“小的”；excellent意为“卓越的”。根据后面的“The first winter storm destroyed his home”可知由于动工时间较晚，时间紧，故他建的房子不牢固，故A项正确。
16．A.blindness
B．death
C．sadness
D．illness
答案：B blindness意为“失明”；death意为“死亡”；sadness意为“悲哀”；illness意为“疾病”。根据下一句“The villagers mourned for him.(村民们都去哀悼他)”可知，他被冻死了，故B项正确。
17．A.experienced
B．loved
C．survived
D．spent
答案：C experience意为“经历，体验”；love意为“喜爱”；survive意为“从困境中挺过来”；spend意为“花费”。根据语境可知此处指Marc由于修好了房子，顺利度过了冬天，故C项正确。
18．A.brought
B．earned
C．contacted
D．raised
答案：D 句意为：(后来)他成了村里的领导，养育了一家人，幸福美满地生活着。bring意为“带来，促使”；earn意为“赚，赚得”；contact意为“接触，联系”；raise意为“养育”。根据语境可知D项正确。注意如果把A项后加上up，则也正确。
19．A.slow
B．easy
C．dangerous
D．special
答案：B 上面的故事告诉我们，建议和想法的寻找是简单的，而实践才是困难的，故B项easy正确。
20．A.realize
B．bring
C．collect
D．apply
答案：D 根据语境可知此处表示把最好的想法“应用”到实际中去，故D项apply“运用，应用”正确。
.短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用()划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
We recently have had a heated discussion about whether students of Grade 3 should take physical exercises. 55% of the students think that we should exercise every day, such as doing morning exercises, play table tennis or basketball so that we can build up our body to prevent illness. Besides, it made us completely relaxing after we've sat for a long time in the classroom. Therefore, other students against taking regular exercise. They complain that exercising is waste of time because it makes us tired or feel too excited to go on learning. Worse still, we may hurt ourselves, that is not what we want. Personally, we need to take physical exercise regularly to keep fit because of nothing is more important as good health.
答案：
We recently have had a heated discussion about whether students of Grade 3 should take physical . 55% of the students think that we should exercise every day, such as doing morning exercises,
table tennis or basketball so that we can build up our body to prevent illness. Besides, it
us completely
after we've sat for a long time in the classroom. ， other students
against taking regular exercise. They complain that exercising is
waste of time because it makes us tired or feel too excited to go on learning. Worse still, we may hurt ourselves,
is not what we want. Personally, we need to take physical exercise regularly to keep fit because of nothing is more important
good health.