M3U3
Back to the past (二)
【单元重点词汇】
1.erupt vi
2．powerful adj.
3.basis n．．beneath prep..sandstorm n．n．研究者，调查者 n．审讯，审理；试验；考验． adv.&adj.在附近(的)
． vi.&n.前进，进发；游行
. adj.商业的，贸易的 n．解决办法，解答→vt.解决；解答.
vi.抱怨→
n．抱怨，埋怨；投诉
vt.装饰，装潢→ n．装饰；装饰品
． adj.富有的，富裕的→
n．财富；财产
． adv.渐渐地，逐渐地→ adj.逐渐的
． vt.宣布，宣称→ n．宣布；宣告；声明
n．毒药，毒物；vt.毒害，下毒→ adj.有毒的
．adj.极度的；极端的→adv.极其；极端；非常
．n．表达；表情，神色；词语→ vt.表示；表达；n.快车；速递
．The city was forgotten for many years until the 18th century when a farmer discovered a stone with writing on it.
这座城市多年来一直被人们遗忘，直到18世纪一个农民发现了一块刻有文字的石头。
．It seemed that nothing could stop him from taking control of the entire world.
似乎没有什么能够阻止他控制整个世界。．We found the place very easily with the boy leading the way.
在那个男孩的带领下，我们很容易就找到了那个地方。basis n.原因，缘由；基准，准则；方式；基础
[应试指导] 过去分词句法功能的考查
on the basis of在……基础上
base vt.以……为据点或总部等；把总部等设在；以……为基础；n.根基，基底；底座；根据，出发点；基础
base...on/upon...把……建立在……；以……为根据be based on/upon以……为根据基础
basic adj.基础的；基本的
The basis of a good marriage is trust.
美满婚姻的基础是信赖。
One should always base his opinion on facts.
人们应该总是把观点建立在事实的基础上。
Actually，teaching is an art based on science.
事实上，教学是一门建立在科学基础上的艺术。
judge n.裁判员；法官；vt.判定；判断；判决form an opinion about sth.or decide a result of sth.
[应试指导] judging by/from作状语
judge sb./sth.to be...判断某人事……
judging from/by...根据……判断
in one’s judgement依某人看来
Judging by the look on his face，the news must have been terrible.
从他脸上的表情判断，这条消息肯定很糟糕。
(1)The restaurant
trust，and it is working all right.
这家餐馆建立在信任之上，现在运转正常。
(2)同义句改写
①Based on trust，the restaurant is working all right. (把练习(1)改为含有分词短语作状语的简单句)
②The restaurant，which is based on trust，is working all right. (把练习(1)改为含有定语从句的复合句)
二．用fortune的适当形式填空
(1)Don’t leave that to
(2)Central London is
in having so many large parks and open spaces.
(3)—Have you heard about that fire in the market?
—Yes，no one was hurt.
【拓展演练】
一.单项填空
1．In the good care of the nurses，the boy is ________ recovering from his heart operation.
A．quietly
B．actually
C．practically
D．gradually
2．The terrible noise from the man’s room simply ______ me mad.
A．put
B．caused
C．drove
D．turned
3．Two middleaged passengers fell into the sea.______，neither of them could swim.
A．In fact
B．Unfortunately
C．Naturally
D．Luckily
4．He ________ his loyalty to the government.
A．declared for
B．declared against
C．declared
D．declared war on
5．Our country is ______ yours in that they both have several time zones.
A．same as
B．similar to
C．alike as
D．familiar to
6．—It’s a good idea.But who’s going to ________ the plan?
—I think Tom and Greg will.
A．set aside
B．carry out
C．take in
D．get through
7．I wonder what I should do ________ for all your kindness to me.
A．in honor
B．in return
C．in name
D．in general
8．The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ________ the next year.
A．carry out
B．carrying out
C．carried out
D．to carry out
9．In order to save money，we need to examine all the costs ________ the project first.(2010·怀化统考)
A．involving in
B．involve in
C．getting involved in
D．involved in
10．For all three years I have been working for others.I’m hoping I’ll ________ my own business someday.
A．turn up
B．fix up
C．set up
D．set aside
11．By serving others，a person focus on someone other than himself or herself，________ can be very eyeopening and rewarding.
A．who
B．which
C．what
D．that
12．He found his pocket ________ when he got off the bus.
A．robbed
B．stolen
C．picked
D．picking
13．—There’s coffee and tea；you can have ________.
—Thanks.
A．either
B．each
C．one
D．it
14．He is believed ________ the secret，for everyone knows it.
A．to let out
B．letting out
C．to have let out
D．having let out
Ⅴ.课文信息填空
Place names 3.__________ information Personal feelings and opinions
Pompeii city It was founded in the 8th century BC.The Romans 4.________ over it.It had been a rich city. amazing；9.________ to imagine...
1.______________
It erupted and all the people in Pompeii were buried 5. ________，and
so was the 6.________！
2.______________ It was a 7. ________ point on the famous Silk Road between the East and the 8.________. so excited; 10. ________ a pity！
Ⅵ.完形填空
Once a farmer had some puppies to sell.He painted a(n)__1__ advertising the pups and set about nailing it to a post on the edge of his yard.__2__he was driving the last nail into the post，he felt a sudden pull on his trousers.He__3__down into the eyes of a little boy.
“Mister，”he said，“I want to buy one of your puppies.”
“Well，”said the farmer，as he rubbed the sweat off the back of his__4__，“these puppies come from fine parents and__5__ a good deal of money.”
The boy__6__his head for a moment.Then reaching deep into his pocket，he pulled out a handful of__7__and held it up to the farmer.“I’ve got thirtynine cents.Is that enough to take a look？”
“Sure，”said the farmer.
And with that he__8__a whistle，“Here，Dolly！”he called.
__9__from the doghouse and down the road ran Dolly__10__by four little balls of fur.As the dogs made their__11__to the fence，the little boy noticed something else moving inside the doghouse.__12__another little ball appeared，this one noticeably smaller.The little pup began walking unsteadily toward the others，doing its best to__13__.
“I want that one，”the little boy said，__14__at the runt(矮个子)．
The farmer knelt down at the boy’s side and said，“Son，you__15__want that puppy.He will never be able to__16__and play with you as other dogs would.”
With that the little boy__17__back from the fence，reached down，and began rolling up one leg of his__18__.In doing so he showed a steel brace(支柱) running down both sides of his leg attaching itself to a__19__made shoe.Looking back up at the farmer，he said，“You see，sir，I don’t run too well myself，and he will need someone who understands.”
The__20__is full of people who need someone who understands.
1．A.sight B．paperC．information D．sign
2．A.Then B．Before C．As D．After
3．A.put B．looked C．knelt D．stared
4．A.nose B．neck C．head D．face
5．A.spend B．spare C．make D．cost
6．A.raised B．lifted C．fell D．dropped
7．A.notes B．change C．sugar D．goods
8．A.let out B．carried outC．put out D．left
out
9．A.Up B．Over C．Out D．In
10．A.came B．followed C．went D．caught
11．A.step B．way C．walk D．drive
12．A.Quickly B．SlowlyC．Oddly D．Sadly
13．A.get up B．stand upC．catch up D．move up
14．A.moving B．pointing C．calling D．turning
15．A.mustn’t B．don’tC．can’t D．needn’t
16．A.run B．sit C．walk D．stand
17．A.stepped B．talkedC．climbed D．fell
18．A.clothes B．dressesC．sweaters D．trousers
19．A.simply B．speciallyC．carefully D．newly
20．A.farm B．countryC．city D．world
Ⅶ.阅读理解
A
Two years ago，the Funk family of suburban Chicago adopted a Chinese baby girl who had been abandoned on a sidewalk near a textile factory in Yangzhou.
Last year，the Ramirez family of suburban Miami adopted a girl who had been abandoned a week later on the same spot.
Both families named their daughters Mia. It turns out，a first name and Chinese heritage aren’t the only things the threeyearolds have in common. The girls’ mothers—Holly Funk and Diana Ramirez—met on a website for parents who had gone through international adoptions. After a lot of emails comparing photographs and biographical details，DNA testing proved the families’ suspicions: The girls are probably fraternal twins.
“I was in shock，” said Ramirez，who lives with her husband Carlos in Pembroke Pines，Florida.“Well，now this is for real.”
The Internet and Web groups revolving around international orphanages are increasingly being used to link adopted children with biological kin(亲属). The site that Funks and Ramirezes used has a membership of 137 people，with 15 sets of twins and 7 sets of siblings whose relationships have been confirmed.
At a reunion at Chicago’s O’Hare International Airport，Mia Diamond Funk and Mia Hanying Ramirez shyly surveyed each other，and then reached for each other’s hand.
DNA tests establish an 85 percent probability that the girls are at least halfsisters. Scientists do not have a biological parent to test and reach a greater certainty，but given their ages and physical similarities，experts say it is likely they are fraternal twins.
Douglas and Holly Funk hope to bring their Mia to Miami in October. Both sets of parents say they are committed to staying in touch and often let the two sisters talk to each other on the phone.(2011·滨州调研)
1．Both the adopted girls shared a first name ______.
A．because they both came from China
B．because of their physical similarities
C．because their US parents suspected they were twins
D．for no good reason
2．Why did the girls’ mothers meet on the Internet?
A．To compare photographs of the two girls.
B．To find the girls’ biological kin.
C．To test their suspicions.
D．To know how to adopt children.
3．Experts are still not 100 percent sure that the two girls are fraternal twins because ________.
A．DNA tests are still not accurate enough
B．the two girls were born in two different families
C．the DNA of a biological parent is still missing
D．one girl was born a week later than the other
4．What Ramirez said in Paragraph 4
suggests that she ________.
A．didn’t believe what had happened
B．was surprised at what had happened
C．didn’t want to accept the fact
D．was pleased with what they had done
5．What would be the best title for the passage?
A．Adopted sisters are reunited
B．Adopted sisters live happily in the US
C．Suspicion turned into reality
D．The stories of two families
B
The earth，moon，sun and all visible stars in the sky make up less than one percent of the universe. Almost all the rest is dark matter and dark energy，unknown forces that puzzle astronomers.
Observations in recent years have changed the basic understanding of how the universe evolved and have indicated how little is known about the major forces and substances that shaped our world.
Astronomers now know that luminous(发光的) matter—stars，planets and hot gas... accounts for only about 0.4 percent of the universe. Nonluminous components，such as black holes and intergalactic(星系间的) gas，make up 3.6 percent. The rest is dark matter，about 23 percent，and dark energy，about 73 percent.
Dark matter，sometimes called “cold dark matter”，has been known for some time. Only recently have researchers come to understand the key role it played in the formation of stars，planets and even people.
“We owe our very existence to dark matter，” said physicist Paul Steinhardt. “Dark matter dominated the structure formation in the early universe，” Steinhardt said. “For the first few billion years dark matter contained most of the mass of the universe. You can think of ordinary matter as a froth(泡沫状物) of an ocean of dark matter. The dark matter dumps and the ordinary matter falls into it. That led to the formation of the stars and galaxies(星系). Without dark matter，there would be virtually no structure in the universe.”
The nature of dark matter is unknown. It cannot be seen or detected directly. Astronomers know it is there because of its effects on celestial(天上的) objects that can be seen and measured. But the most dominating force of all in the universe is called dark energy, a recently proven power that astronomers say is causing the galaxies in the universe to separate at a faster and faster speed.
6．We know from the text that ________.
A．all visible stars are very important in the universe
B．the basic understanding of the universe evolution was totally wrong
C．dark matter is also known as dark energy
D．dark energy makes up about three quarters of the universe
7．The text tells us “dark matter” ________.
A．plays an important part in forming stars，planets and humans
B．has been fully understood by researchers
C．remains an unimportant force to the universe like dark energy
D．has nothing to do with the formation of the universe today
8．“The major forces and substances that shaped our world” (in Para. 2) refers to ________.
A．luminous matter B．nonluminous matter
C．dark matter
D．ordinary matter
9．According to Paul Steinhardt，our existence today ________.
A．depends mainly on dark matter
B．has something to do with ordinary matter
C．results from the formation of celestial objects
D．evolves from the mass of the universe
10．Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A．Dark Matter or Dark Energy
B．The Formation of the Universe
C．Dark Forces Dominate the Universe
D．Unknown Forces Puzzle Astronomers