【记一记➡构建知识】 let out 放出; 泄露; 出租 let sb. down
使某人失望 let go(of sb. /sth. )放手, 释放 let alone更不用说 *Mary accidentally let out that her mother had telephoned.
玛丽无意中说出她的母亲来过电话。 *You can trust Brooks. He’ll never let you down.
你可以相信布鲁克斯。他决不会使你失望。 *(2017·辽宁高考) When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be extremely difficult to let go of your hate.
当你被深深伤害的时候, 想要不怀恨在心是很难做到的。 3. belief n. 看法; 信念 【填一填➡激活思维】 ①Hard as life is, he ___ _____ __ his future.
尽管生活艰辛, 他对未来依然充满信心。 ②He came to us __ ___ _____ ____ we could help him out of
the trouble.
他来到我们这里, 相信我们能帮助他摆脱困境。 has belief in in the belief that 【记一记➡构建知识】 have belief in 对……有信心 have/hold a belief that. . . 相信……, 有……的信念 in the belief that. . .
相信…… beyond belief 难以置信 * I hold a firm belief that nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
我坚持这样的信念: 功夫不负有心人。 * The small house they lived in was dirty beyond belief.
他们住的小房异乎寻常地脏。 4. appreciate vt. 欣赏, 赞赏; 感谢; 领会 【填一填➡激活思维】 ① I __________ _____ ____ very much.
我非常感谢你的帮助。 ②I would appreciate your calling back this afternoon.
(句型转换) →I would __________ __ __you could call back this afternoon.
如果今天下午你能打来电话, 我将会非常感激。 appreciate your help appreciate it if 【记一记➡构建知识】 appreciate sb. /sth. 欣赏某人/某物; 高度评价某人/ 某物; 理解某人/某物 appreciate (one’s) doing sth. 感激(某人)做某事 I would appreciate it if. . . 如果……, 我会感激不尽的。 【猜一猜➡熟词生义】写出黑体部分的含义。 Building the new railway appreciates the value of the land.
() 增值, 抬高……的价格 5. consume vt. 消耗, 耗费; 消费; 吃, 喝 【填一填➡激活思维】观察句子, 写出黑体部分的含义。 ①He has a good appetite and can consume a pound of hot
dogs. () ②Arguing about details consumed many hours of the
committee’s valuable time. ( ) ③The boy consumes much of his time in chatting online.
( ) 吃 耗费 花费, 使用 【记一记➡构建知识】 (1)be consumed with 因……而变得憔悴; 被……吞噬 consume away
消耗掉; 憔悴; 枯萎凋谢 (2)consumption n.消费 *He was consumed with high fever.
他因发高烧而憔悴。 *She consumed away with grief.
她抑郁而死。 【猜一猜➡熟词生义】观察句子, 写出黑体部分的含义。 The fire soon consumed the wooden buildings. (
) 烧毁, 毁灭 6. particular adj. 专指的, 特指的; 特别的; 讲究的, 挑剔的 【填一填➡激活思维】 ①He loves reading, science fiction __ _________.
他喜欢读书, 尤其喜欢科幻小说。 ②She __ _________ _____ what she eats.
她过分讲究饮食。 in particular is particular about 【记一记➡构建知识】 (1)in particular尤其, 特别 be particular about 对……讲究, 挑剔 (2)particularly adv. 特别地; 尤其 *I don’t particularly want to be reminded of that time.
我特别不想让人提起那段时间。 【猜一猜➡熟词生义】观察句子, 写出黑体部分的含义。 Your mother must be anxious to know the particulars.
(
) 详情, 细节 7. absorb vt. 吸收; 理解; 使全神贯注 【填一填➡激活思维】 ①Most of his time __ ________ ___ his work.
工作花去了他的大部分时间。 ②He pretends to ___ ________ __ listening.
他假装在专心听讲。 ③The game ________ ___ _________ ________.
游戏吸引了孩子们的注意力。 is absorbed by be absorbed in absorbed the children’s attention 【记一记➡构建知识】 be absorbed by
为……吸收; 被……吞并
be absorbed in全神贯注于……; 一心从事; 热衷于 absorb sb. ’s attention 吸引某人的注意 【悟一悟➡参透误区】 (1)be absorbed in (doing) sth. 结构在句中常以过去分词作状语的形式出现, 这一用法是高考命题和各种模拟测试的一个重点。 (2)类似短语还有: be faced with, be satisfied with, be determined to, be convinced that, be devoted to, be buried in, be accustomed to, be lost in等。 *Absorbed in the novel he was reading, he failed to notice the teacher standing beside him.
因为全神贯注于他所读的小说, 他没有注意到老师正站在他身边。 【核心短语】 8. cut back on 减少, 削减, 缩减 【填一填➡激活思维】 ①To make both ends meet, the couple had no choice but to
___ _____ ___ some unnecessary spending.
为了实现收支平衡, 这对夫妇没有别的选择, 只能减少一些 不必要的开支。 ②Any way we can ___ _____ ___ plastic is very good.
任何减少使用塑料的办法都是很好的。 cut back on cut back on 【记一记➡构建知识】 cut in插嘴; 打断; 插入; 超车 cut down
砍倒, 减少, 削减 cut off
切断(供应), 中断(电话通话等) cut out 剪下; 删去, 删除 cut up
切碎 *I was enjoying the dance until that rude man cut in.
我正跳舞跳得高兴, 却被那鲁莽的男人打断了。 * In winter, thick snows can cut off the village for two weeks at a time.
冬天, 每次降厚厚的雪都能切断村庄的联系两个星期。 *Let us cut out the unimportant details.
我们来把不重要的细节删掉。 9. run out (of) 用完, 耗尽 【填一填➡激活思维】 ①All our supply of food has ____ ___.
我们所有的食物供应都已用完。 ②Though they are _______ ___ __ food and drink, the men
are cheerful and confident that they will get out soon.
虽然他们的食物和饮料都快消耗尽了, 但这些人的心情很好,
坚信他们很快就会出去。 run out running out of 【辨一辨➡明晰异同】 run out 用完, 耗尽 不及物动词短语, 其主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等, 还可表示文件、协议到期 run out of 用完 及物动词短语, 其主语一般为人 give out 耗尽, 用完 不及物动词短语, 其主语通常是物 use up 用光, 用完 及物动词短语, 其主语一般为人 *According to the rule of the competition, we have to use up all the items before the time runs out. However, it is a long and tiring process. As a result, that day, long before I ran out of the time given by the judge, my strength had given out. What a disappointment!
【拓展延伸】run 的其他短语 run over 快速阅读; 在……上驶过 run across
偶然遇到; 跑着穿过 run after 追求; 追赶; 追逐 run for
竞选; 赶快去请 run away from
逃跑, 逃离; 从……逃出 *I ran across her in the public library yesterday.
我昨天在公共图书馆碰巧遇见了她。 *The policemen are running after a prisoner who escaped last night.
警察在追捕一名昨夜逃跑的犯人。 *(2017·天津高考) I am very glad and feel it my honor to run for the vice president of the English club.
我非常高兴, 也很荣幸来竞选英语俱乐部的副主席。 *The little boy who ran away from home soon felt hungry.
从家里逃出的那个小男孩不久便感到饿了。 10. pick out找出, 挑选; 区分; 领会; 衬托 【填一填➡激活思维】观察句子, 写出黑体部分的含义。 ①I have to pick out its meaning with the help of an English
translation. (
) ②I have been picked out to represent the whole team. (
) ③All the important sentences in the article were picked out
in red lines. (
) ④ Written in haste, the words in the paper were hard to pick
out. (
)
弄明白, 领会 挑选 使明显, 使突出 分辨出 【记一记➡构建知识】 pick at
挑食, 对……吹毛求疵 pick off
摘掉, 摘下; 取走, 拿掉 pick on 挑选; 招惹, 找茬儿 pick up
拾起; 安排接取, 使搭乘; 振作起来; 恢复 11. under way 进行中 【填一填➡激活思维】 ①Preparations for a big celebration ___ ______ ____.
盛大庆祝的准备工作正在进行中。 ②The crew got the ship ______ ____ at high tide.
船员们在涨大潮时驾船出海。 are under way under way 【记一记➡构建知识】 by way of
经由; 经过 in any way
无论如何; 在任何情况下 in a way
有几分; 在某种程度上 in the way 造成不便或阻碍 *They are traveling to France by way of London.
他们将经伦敦去法国。 *We will help him in any way.
无论如何我们都会帮助他。 【经典句式】 12. People often have this belief that development is bad for
the environment, but this does not have to be true.
人们常常认为经济发展对环境有害, 但这不一定是正确的。 【填一填➡激活思维】仿写句子。 ①王亚平在太空授课的消息传遍了全世界。 The news __________________________________________ spread all over the world.
②这种新药可能对他们的心脏有副作用。 There is a chance _____________________________________ _____________.
that Wang Yaping delivered her lecture in space that the new medicine will have side effects on their hearts 【记一记➡构建知识】 (1)同位语从句的引导词包括that(不充当成分, 除在宾语从句中外均不可省略), who, why, how, whether, when, what等(均在同位语从句中充当具体成分) (2)常可接that引导的同位语从句的名词有: fact, news, word, advice, demand, suggestion, doubt, hope, promise, problem, message, order, truth, view, request, wish, idea, possibility, chance, evidence等 *He had no idea why she left.
他不知道她为什么离开。 *There is some doubt whether he will come.
他是否会来还不一定。 *He told us the truth that he fell down from his bike this afternoon.
他告诉了我们他今天下午从自行车上摔下来这一真相。 【拓展延伸】 同位语从句的分隔现象:
同位语从句一般是紧跟在与其同位的词后面的。但是, 由于表达不同意义的需要, 同位语从句可以被句子其他成分隔开, 这种从句就叫做“分隔同位语从句”。例如:
*A story goes that Elizabeth Ⅰ of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court. 有传说说英国的伊丽莎白一世最喜欢身边围着宫廷的那些聪明优秀的贵族们。 句中的“Elizabeth Ⅰ of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court. ”是主语A story的同位语。由于该同位语较长而谓语较短, 为保持句子平衡, 谓语动词goes放在了主语与同位语从句之间, 造成同位语从句与主语的分隔。 【要点拾遗】 1. responsibility n. 责任, 职责 【填一填➡激活思维】 ①(2017·福建高考) If you serve your community, you will grow
up to be a good citizen with a strong _____ __ ____________.
如果你为社区服务的话, 你长大后就会成为一个责任感很强的 好公民。 ②The old couple would have to _________ ___ ____________
___ raising the three children.
这对老夫妇不得不承担起抚养三个孩子的责任。 sense of responsibility take/bear the responsibility for 【记一记➡构建知识】 (1)a sense of responsibility 责任感, 责任心
bear/take responsibility for对……负责
(2)responsible
adj. 负责任的, 有责任的 be responsible for对……负责 be responsible to sb.
对某人负责 *The driver is responsible for the safety of the passengers.
驾驶员应对乘客的安全负责。 2. let off 放(枪、烟、炮等); 排放; 宽恕; 让……离开 【填一填➡激活思维】观察句子, 写出黑体部分的含义。 ①The engine is letting off steam to relieve the pressure in
the boiler. (
) ②Would you let me off the bus at the next stop, please?
(
) ③They let off their guns at the British ships. (
) ④We won’t let you off so easily next time. (
) 排放 让……下车 引发; 引爆 宽恕 Unit 2 The environment 【话题词汇】 1. recycle v. 回收 2. pollute
v. 污染 3. replace
v. 取代 4. damage
v. 破坏 5. protect v. 保护 6. environment-friendly
adj. 环保的 7. resource
n. 资源 8. improvement
n. 改善 9. throw away 丢弃
10. make use of
使用, 利用 11. die out 灭绝
12. bring. . . under control 控制 13. take measures采取措施 14. be aware of 意识到 15. play an important part in 在……中起重要作用 16. protect. . . from
保护……免受…… 【经典语篇】 (2017·白鹭洲模拟) 据报道, 某超市在中秋节后推出月饼盒换鸡蛋的活动。请你就此事用英语写一篇120个词左右的短文, 向校英文报的Environment 专栏投稿。 内容主要包括: 1. 商品包装带来环境问题;
2. 此项活动带来的好处;
3. 你对回收利用的看法。 ［点明主题］①It is reported that a supermarket has offered to exchange one empty moon cake box for three eggs. This is an excellent plan with many benefits for everyone.
［包装带来环境问题］②It has been generally accepted for years that packaging causes huge problems for both people and the environment. Moon cake boxes are a good example because after people eat the cakes they just throw the boxes away. Some people place the boxes carefully in bins but others just dump them in the street without thinking about the pollution they are causing.
［回收的好处］The supermarket’s offer makes a difference in many ways. Customers will get something almost free of charge, the supermarket can recycle the packaging, and the environment will suffer less rubbish.
［个人看法］ The problems caused by packaging are serious. ③Offers like this, which involve recycling, are an effective way of dealing with them.
【厚积薄发】 Ⅰ. 完成句子 (1)Every day people _______________________.
人们每天都丢掉很多垃圾。 (2) Many species will soon ______if we don’t _________ ________.
如果我们不采取一些措施, 许多物种将很快灭绝。 (3)The government must take strong measures to _____
______________________________.
政府必须采取有力措施以完全控制住污染。 throw away lots of rubbish die out take some measures bring pollution completely under control Ⅱ. 句式仿写 (1)把句①变为简单句。 ___________________________________________________ ________________________________ (2)根据句②用“it+be +过去分词+that. . . ”仿写。 吸烟有害健康, 这是大家公认的。 _____________________________________________________ (3)根据句③用which引导的非限制性定语从句仿写。 他正在读一本书, 这本书是他从伦敦买的。 ______________________________________________ A supermarket is reported to have offered to exchange one empty moon cake box for three eggs. It is generally accepted that smoking is harmful to our health. He is reading a book, which he bought from London. Ⅰ. 单词➡分类记忆 【核心单词】不可不记 1. ______ (n. & vi. ) 辩论; 争论, 讨论 2.______ (vt. & n. ) 逮捕 3. ________ (vt. & vi. )
减少
(n. )
减少 4. ________ (n. )
措施, 方法; 尺度 (vt. )
测量; 估量, 判定 debate
arrest decrease measure 5. _____(n. )
范围; 一系列; 山脉
(vi. ) (在一定范围内)变化; 包括; 排列, 排序 6. _________ (adj. )
专指的, 特指的; 特别的; 讲究的; 挑剔的 7. ____________
(n. )
责任, 职责 →__________ (adj. ) 负责的, 可靠的; 有责任的 8. _____(n. ) 看法; 信念 →______(v. ) 相信, 信任 9. _______ (vt. & vi. )
经营; 动手术 →_________(n. )
操作; 经营; 手术 →________ (n. )
操作人员; 电话员 range particular responsibility responsible belief believe operate operation operator 10. _______ (vt. ) 使印象深刻 →__________(n. )
印象 →__________(adj. ) 给人深刻印象的, 感人的 11. __________ (vt. ) 欣赏, 赞赏; 感谢; 领会 →___________ (n. ) 欣赏; 鉴别; 感激 12. ______ (vt. ) 吸收; 理解; 使全神贯注 →________ (adj. )全神贯注的; 一心一意的; 被吸收的 impress impression impressive appreciate appreciation absorb absorbed 【高频单词】不可不知 13. ______(n. ) 赞扬, 称赞, 认可; 信用, 信誉; 学分 14. ________ (n. ) 数量 15. ______ (vt. & vi. )
回收利用 16. _______ (vi. & n. ) 冲突, 抵触, 矛盾 17. ___________ (n. )
(对自然环境的)保护 18.__________ (n. ) 顾问 →_______(v. )
查阅; 请教; 商议 credit quantity recycle conflict conservation
consultant consult 19. __________
(n. )
产量; 生产 →________ (v. )
生产, 创作 (n. )农产品 →_______(n. ) 产品, 产物 →__________ (adj. )
多产的; 富有成效的 20. ________(vt. ) 消耗, 耗费; 消费 →_________ (n. ) 消费者, 用户, 顾客 production produce product productive consume consumer Ⅱ. 短语➡双语互译 1. 自由发言 ____________ 2. 减少, 削减, 缩减 __________ 3. 四处打听 __________ 4. 用尽 ________________ 5．打扫(或清除)干净 ________ 6. 挖出, 挖掘
______ 7. 对……造成破坏 _________________ open the floor cut back on ask around use up/run out (of) clean up dig up cause/do damage to 8. 捡起, 收拾
_______ 9. queue up _________ 10. pick out __________ 11. put. . . in danger
_____________________ 12. under way _______ 13. in/with regard to
__________ 14. blame. . . on. . . _________________ 15. let off _____ 16. in particular __________ 17. do one’s part_____________ pick up 排队等候 找出, 挑选 把……置于危险的境地 进行中 关于, 至于 把……归咎于…… 排放 尤其, 特别 尽自己的职责 语境取词——选用上面的单词或短语填空 ①To __________(减少)the environmental pollution, we
should try to ___________(尽我们自己的职责)in our daily life.
② ____________(尤其)we should plant more trees, because
they can ______(吸收) large amounts of carbon dioxide that
is _____(排放) by cars and factories.
cut back on do our parts In particular absorb let off Ⅲ. 句型➡超级仿写 1. 表示倍数的句式 The world’s population has grown by ____________________ _____(1800年的六倍).
【仿写】这是他们以前赚的钱的五倍。 This is ________________________before.
six times what it was in 1800 five times what they earned 2. that引导的同位语从句 People often _________________(有这样的信念)development
is bad for the environment, but this does not have to be true.
【仿写】绿色生活并不总像人们想的那样需要花费很多钱。 The belief _________________________is not always so.
have this belief that that green living is expensive 3. What if. . . ? 如果……将会怎么样?
__________________(如果它们用完了会怎样)?
【仿写】如果你代替我去将会怎样?
__________________________ What if they run out What if you go instead of me? 4. nor引导的部分倒装句 This is not good news for the people who rely on the Yangtze
River for water. ____________________(对……来说也不是好 消息)the wide range of fish and wildlife that live in or along
the river.
【仿写】这个男孩不会滑冰, 这个女孩也不会。 The boy can’t skate and ______________.
Nor is it good news for nor can the girl 5. There is no doubt that. . . 毫无疑问…… ____________________(毫无疑问)the world climate has been
changing in recent years.
【仿写】他会再来这里, 这是毫无疑问的。 _________________________________________ There is no doubt that There is no doubt that he will come here again. 【重点单词】 1. impress vt. 使印象深刻, 压印, 盖印; 使铭记, 使牢记
vi. 给人留下印象, 使人注意 【填一填➡激活思维】 ①I ____ _________ _______ his wonderful performance.
他的精彩表演给我留下了深刻的印象。 ②My father has _________ ___ ___ the value of hard work.
=My father has _________ the value of hard work ___ ___
_____________.
我父亲让我铭记勤奋的价值。 was impressed by/with impressed on me impressed on my mind/memory 【记一记➡构建知识】 (1)be impressed by/with
被……打动; 对……有深刻印象 impress sth. on one’s mind/memory
把某事铭记在心 impress sth. on/upon sb.
impress on/upon sb. sth.
What impressed sb. most is/was. . .
令某人印象最深刻的是…… 使意识到(重要性或严重性等) (2)impression n. 印象 make/leave a deep impression on sb. /one’s memory 给某人留下深刻的印象 * What impressed me most is her courage.
她的勇气给我留下了很深的印象。 *The beautiful campus left a deep impression on those who visited it.
美丽的校园给参观者留下了深刻的印象。 2. measure n. 措施, 方法; 尺度
vt. 测量; 估量, 判定, (指尺寸、长短等)量度为 【填一填➡激活思维】 ①The government is ______ _____ ________ __ control the
prices of the houses.
政府正在采取严格的措施来控制房价。 ②Life __ _________ ___ thoughts and action, not by time.
衡量生命的尺度是思想和行动, 而不是时间。 ③At least four people were injured when an earthquake
__________ 6. 2 on the Richter scale hit northern Taiwan.
台湾北部发生震级达里氏6. 2级的地震, 至少有四个人受伤。 taking strict measures to is measured by measuring 【记一记➡构建知识】 (1)measure sth. by sth. 用……来衡量…… be measured by/in 用……来衡量/计算 (2)take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事 make sth. to one’s own measure 为某人量身订做某物 beyond measure不可估量 *The prospect of this young team is beyond measure.
这支年轻队伍前途不可估量。 【悟一悟➡参透误区】 (1)measure作名词表示“措施”时, 常在短语中用复数形式。 (2)measure表示“某物有多长(宽、高)”时, 为不及物动词, 其后接表示事物长(宽、高)的度量名词, 不用于被动语态和进行时态; 如果表示此意义的短语用作后置定语, 要用v. -ing形式。 3. range n. (变动)范围, 幅度; 一系列; 射程; 山脉
vi. (在一定范围内)变化; 包括; 排列, 排序 【填一填➡激活思维】 ①Some of the questions in the paper are _______ ___ _____ __
the courses the students are taking now.
试卷中的一些问题超出了学生们现在正在学习的课程范围。 ②The prices of the latest smartphones _____ _____ ￥200 __
￥4, 000 online.
网上最新智能手机的价格从200元到4 000元不等。 beyond the range of range from to 【记一记➡构建知识】 in/within the range of
在……范围内 out of/beyond the range of
超出……的范围 a (wide) range of
一系列的, 大范围的 range from. . . to. . . 从……到……之间变化 *(2017·辽宁高考) In addition to these traditional activities, we have a wider range of choices such as travelling and visiting our relatives or friends.
除了这些传统活动, 我们也有更大范围的选择, 如旅行和看望亲朋好友。 *The ship came within the range of the guns.
那条船进入火炮的射程之内。