4. confirm
v. 证实; 确认; 批准 【填一填➡激活思维】观察句子, 写出黑体部分的含义。 ①(2017·湖北高考) I looked at the X-ray again, and more
tests confirmed it wasn’t the cancer. (
) ②Mr Baker’s assistant telephoned to confirm his
appointment with the chairman. (
) ③ The organization has confirmed the appointment of Mr
Collins as managing director. (
) 证实 确认 批准 【记一记➡构建知识】 confirm a theory/rumour证实一种理论/谣言 confirm one’s belief/resolution
坚定某人的信念/决心 confirm a contract
签合同, 批准合同 5. favour(=favor) n. 赞同; 恩惠; 偏爱 【填一填➡激活思维】 ①(2017·大纲版全国卷) I’m writing to ask you to ___ ___ __
______. 我写信是想请你帮我一个忙。 ②Could I ___ ____ __ ______ to retell what you have said in
class?
你能帮忙把课堂上所说的再说一遍吗?
③They are all __ ______ __ cutting down on the income tax.
他们都赞同减少征收所得税。 do me a favour ask you a favour in favour of 【记一记➡构建知识】 (1)do sb. a favour/do a favour for sb.
给某人以恩惠, 给某人帮忙 do sb. the favour to do sth.
给某人帮忙做某事 ask a favour of sb. =ask sb. a favour 请某人帮忙 (2) in favour of 赞同, 支持 in sb. ’s favour 对某人有利 * Please do me the favour to post the letter.
请帮我把这封信寄了。 6. frighten vt. 使惊吓, 使惊恐 【填一填➡激活思维】 ①(2017·浙江高考)Whenever the young animal is _________,
disturbed, or annoyed, it typically rushes to its mother and
rubs itself against her body.
当年幼的动物受到惊吓、不安或生气时, 它通常会冲到母亲 身边并摩擦她的身体。 ②They _________ the old lady ____ signing the paper.
他们威胁那位老太太, 让她在纸上签了字。 ③He was _________
__ the terrible sight.
看到这可怕的情景, 他害怕了。 frightened frightened into frightened at 【记一记➡构建知识】 (1)frighten. . . away
把……吓跑, 吓走 frighten sb. into/out of doing sth.
吓得某人做/不敢做某事 (2)frightened adj. 害怕的 be frightened to death
被吓得要死 be frightened of 害怕…… be frightened at sth.
对……感到害怕/惊恐 *The boy frightened away the pigeons from the roof.
那个男孩把屋顶上的鸽子吓飞了。 *She is frightened of snakes.
她害怕蛇。 【核心短语】 7. push ahead with义无反顾地进行, 努力推进
【填一填➡激活思维】 ①To promote the development of economy, the government
is _______ ______ ____ the market reform.
为了促进经济发展, 政府正在努力推进市场改革。 ②We must _____ ______ ____ our work.
我们必须努力推进我们的工作。 pushing ahead with push ahead with 【记一记➡构建知识】 push ahead
向前进; 抓紧 push aside 把……推向一边; 不管, 不顾 push down推倒, 压倒 push forward (不顾困难)继续前进
push one’s way推开人群以通过; 挤过去 *If we push ahead, we can get home before dark.
如果我们抓紧, 天黑前我们还能赶到家。 8. in agreement with 同意; 与……一致 【填一填➡激活思维】 ①His opinion is __ __________ ____ mine.
他的意见和我的一致。 ②The whole family were __ __________ ___ what they should do.
全家人在他们应该做什么的问题上意见一致。 in agreement with in agreement on 【记一记➡构建知识】 in agreement
意见一致 in exchange for作为……的交换 in need of
需要 in place of
代替 in respect to 关于, 至于 in return for
作为对……的回报 in addition to
除……之外 in charge of
主管, 负责 in terms of从……角度而言, 根据, 按照 *Tom gave Helen an apple in exchange for a piece of cake.
汤姆用一个苹果与海伦换一块蛋糕。 9. turn out结果是, 证明是, 生产; 出来, 出去, 出动(以便集合、 参加); 关掉(灯或热源)
【填一填➡激活思维】观察句子, 写出黑体部分的含义。 ①Her latest film turned out to be a great success. (
) ②The new technology has made it possible for us to turn out
more products of high quality. (
) ③10, 000 people turned out to welcome the world champion.
(
) ④Don’t forget to turn out the light when you leave the
classroom. (
) 证明是 生产 出来 关掉 【记一记➡构建知识】 (1)turn out to be+adj. /n.
结果是, 证明是 It turned out that. . .
结果…… (2)turn up出现, 到场; 开大 turn down拒绝; 关小 turn over
翻阅, 把……翻过来, 反复考虑 turn around 转身 10. follow in one’s footsteps效仿某人 【填一填➡激活思维】 ①He ________ __ ___ _______ ________ and became a lawyer.
他子承父业, 当上了一名律师。 ②Every teacher should ______ __ ___ ________ when teaching.
每个老师在教学时都应效仿他。 followed in his father’s footsteps follow in his footsteps 【记一记➡构建知识】 follow one’s example以某人为榜样 follow one’s advice 听从/遵循某人的建议 follow the crowd随大流, 从众, 按照大众的意思做事 as follows
如下, 如下所述 *I’ll show you how to hit the ball and then you must follow my example.
我先教你如何击球, 然后你必须照我的示范去做。 * His arguments are as follows.
他的论点如下。 【经典句式】 11. While cloning human embryos is not legal in many countries, some scientists are already pushing ahead with research in order to produce a cloned human baby.
尽管克隆人类胚胎在很多国家还不合法, 但一些科学家正在加紧研究, 以制造出克隆的人类婴儿。 【填一填➡激活思维】仿写句子。 ①____________________________, I do not like its shape.
虽然我喜欢这顶帽子的颜色, 但我不喜欢它的形状。
②___________________________, I can’t allow it.
尽管我同意你的理由, 但我不能允许这样做。 While I like the colour of the hat While I agree with your reason 【记一记➡构建知识】 while引导让步状语从句, 常放在句中或句首, 译为“尽管, 虽然”, 比although或though语气稍轻。 【辨一辨➡明晰异同】 while 引导让步状语从句时多位于句首或句中 although/ though 二者可互换, 且都可以与yet, still或nevertheless连用, 但不与but连用。though引导让步状语从句可用倒装结构, 而although不可以 as 引导让步状语从句时通常用倒装语序, 即把表语、状语或动词原形置于句首。若表语为单数可数名词, 则名词前不加冠词 *Intelligent as/though you are, I suspect you will fail.
尽管你聪明, 我猜想你会失败。 【拓展延伸】 while作连词, 还可引导哪些从句?
(1)while作并列连词, 构成并列句, 意为“然而, 但是”, 相当于and then/but, 强调前后两种情况的对比或转折, 此时, while一般位于句中。 (2)while用作从属连词, 引导时间状语从句, 意为“当……的时候, 和……同时”, 此时的主从句谓语动作同时发生, 从句谓语动词通常是延续性动词。 12. For example, cloned animals are not very healthy— they nearly always live brief, painful lives compared with ordinary animals.
例如, 克隆的动物不太健康——与普通的动物相比, 它们几乎都总是短命, 痛苦不堪。 【填一填➡激活思维】 ①__________ ____ competing products, ours are smaller and
lighter.
与竞争的产品比起来, 我们的产品更小巧、更轻便。 ②I think your prices are much too high, _________ ____
those of other suppliers.
与其他供应商所出价格相比, 我认为你们的价格太高了。 Compared with compared with 【记一记➡构建知识】 compared with为固定表达, 表示“与……相比”, 在句中作状语, 也可用作compared to。 【拓展延伸】动词compare的用法 (1)表示“把……与……比较”, 通常用 compare. . . with. . . 。 (2)表示“把……比作……”, 通常用 compare. . . to. . . , 一般不用 compare. . . with. . . 。 (3)用作不及物动词时, compare后习惯上只接 with, 多与情态动词 can 连用, 表示“比得上; 能与……媲美”, 但一般用于否定句或疑问句中。 *The poet compares the woman he loves to a rose.
诗人把他所爱的女人比作玫瑰。 *Nothing can compare with wool for warmth.
没有比羊毛更暖和的东西了。 【要点拾遗】 1. permission n. 准许, 许可, 批准 【填一填➡激活思维】 ①We need to ___ ____ ___ __________ before we start the
journey.
我们需要征求他的同意才能开始我们的旅行。 ②It’s illegal to read people’s private letters _______
__________.
未经允许看别人的私人信件是违法的。 ask him for permission without permission ③学校不准许学生晚上在校外逗留。(一句多译) The school doesn’t ____ ________ __________ __ ____ out at
night.
=The school _______ ______ ________ __ ____ out at night.
give students permission to stay doesn’t permit students to stay 【记一记➡构建知识】 (1)ask (sb. ) for permission请求(某人的)许可 give permission 准许 with one’s permission 经某人同意, 经某人许可 without permission 未经许可 (2)permit vt. 允许
n. 许可证; 执照 permit doing sth.
允许做某事 permit sb. to do sth.
允许某人做某事 *We do not permit smoking in the room.
我们不允许在屋里吸烟。 2. on the one hand. . . on the other hand. . .
一方面……另一方面…… 【填一填➡激活思维】 ①___ ___ ____ _____ we should study hard; ___ ___ _____ _____ we should keep healthy.
我们一方面要努力学习, 另一方面应该保持身体健康。 ②___ ___ ____ _____, I have no time; ___ ___ _____ _____,
I have no money.
一方面我没时间, 另一方面我也没钱。 On the one hand on the other hand On the one hand on the other hand 【记一记➡构建知识】 at hand 在手边, 在附近, 即将到来 by hand用手, 手工的 on hand现有(随时可用); 出席; 在场 from hand to hand 转手, 传递 *Soon school will end and the vacation will be at hand.
学期快结束了, 假期即将到来。 *The letter was written by hand.
这封信是手写的。 Unit 3 Science and nature 【话题词汇】 1. challenge n. 挑战; 艰巨的任务 2. technology
n. 技术 3. concern
n. 关注 4. reproduce
v. 复制; 再现 5. benefit v. 有益于 n. 益处, 好处 6. disagree
v. 不同意 7. support
v. 支持, 赞成 8. endangered
adj. 快要绝种的 9. potential
adj. 潜在的, 有可能的 10. serve as
充当, 担任 11. such as例如 12. be different from
与……不同 13. do harm to
损害 14. bring about 导致 15. work on
从事 16. in hope of 希望 【经典语篇】 (2017·广东高考) 你接受了一项写作任务, 要为英语校报写一篇120个词左右的时事快讯。 请根据以下信息, 写一篇关于移民火星的快讯。 志愿者的选拔: 到2015年, 在全球选出约30名去火星的志愿者。 志愿者的条件: 至少18岁; 做好不回地球的准备; 愿与他人保持良好的关系。 专家观点: 火星生活条件太艰苦; 面临严寒气候、孤独和恐惧。 志愿者观点: 厌倦地球生活, 想体验火星生活; 如果成功, 就是人类英雄。 *火星: the Mars [介绍活动目的]①Thirty volunteers will be chosen all over the world and be sent to the Mars in 2015. [对活动的看法]Those volunteers, who must be willing to get along well with others, should be over 18 and be prepared for the chance that he/she won’t return to the earth. ②Experts think that it is tough for human beings to live on the Mars, because they will face the bitter cold weather, loneliness and fear. [对活动的期待]③However, some volunteers say that they are tired of the life on the earth, and want to experience the new life on Mars. They also think that if they succeed, they will be heroes of the human.
【厚积薄发】 Ⅰ. 完成句子 (1)Cloning technology has __________________________ to
human life, and particularly, human cloning has become
______________. 克隆技术给人类的生活带来了很多好处, 特别是人体克隆技 术已经引起了人们的广泛关注。 (2) Scientists often ________the research of Mars’ weather __
_______better understanding our own.
科学家们经常研究火星的天气, 希望可以更好地了解地球的 天气。 brought about a lot of benefits a great concern work on in hope of Ⅱ. 句型转换 (1)把句①改为非谓语形式作后置定语。 Thirty volunteers ___________________________will be sent
to the Mars in 2015.
(2)把句②前半部分改为think+复合宾语结构。 Experts think _________________________live on the Mars.
(3)把句③改为so. . . that. . . 结构。 However, some volunteers say that they are _______________ _______________they want to experience the new life on Mars.
to be chosen all over the world it tough for human beings to so tired of the life on the earth
that Ⅰ. 单词➡分类记忆 【核心单词】不可不记 1.______ (vt. ) 收养, 领养; 采用, 采纳 2. _______(vt. & vi. )
证实, 证明; 确认; 使确信 3. ______ (n. ) 赞同, 支持; 恩惠, 帮助; 偏爱, 偏袒
4. _______ (vt. )
使惊吓, 使惊恐 5. _______(adj. ) 原来的, 起初的; 首创的; 非复制的 →______(n. )
起源, 起因; 出身
adopt confirm favour frighten original origin 6.______ (adj. )
真实的, 实际的 →_______ (adv. )
事实上, 实际上 7. ____________ (n. ) 仔细考虑; 必须考虑的因素; 体谅, 顾及 →________ (vt. & vi. )
考虑; 认为 →__________ (adj. ) 体贴的, 体谅的, 考虑周到的 →___________ (adj. )
相当大的; 相当重要的 8. __________ (n. )准许, 许可, 批准 →______ (v. )许可, 准许 (n. ) 许可证
actual actually consideration consider considerate considerable permission permit 9. ________ (n. ) 意图, 目的; 企图 →______ (v. )
打算, 想要 →________ (adj. )
故意的, 打算的 10. _______ (n. ) 忧虑, 焦虑, 不安 →_______ (adj. ) 焦虑的, 担心的 intention intend intended anxiety anxious 【高频单词】不可不知 11. _________ (vt. ) 使改变外观或性质(尤指向好的方向);
使改变形态 12. ____________ (n. )
突破 13. ________ (adj. ) 准确的, 精确的 14. _____ (n. )
利润, 收益 (vi. & vt. )
获益; 对……有用 15. ___________ (n. )
结果, 后果 →__________(adj. )
随之发生的 →____________ (adv. )
因此, 所以 transform breakthrough accurate profit consequence consequent consequently 16. _____ (n. ) 罪, 罪行 →________ (n. ) 罪犯 (adj. )有罪的 17. _________ (n. ) 职业, 行业 →___________(adj. ) 专业的, 职业的 18. _______ (vt. )
实施, 指挥乐队 →_________ (n. )
售票员; (乐队)指挥 19. _________ (n. )
总结; 概括, 概要 →__________(vt. )
总结, 概括 crime criminal profession professional conduct conductor summary summarize Ⅱ. 短语➡双语互译 1. 一方面……另一方面……
_________________ __________________ 2. 戏弄, 摆弄; 把……当作儿戏 _______ 3. 集中精力于; 全神贯注于
_____________ 4. 为了……, 以……为目的或意图 __________________ 5. 义无反顾地进行, 努力推进
_______________ 6．成功做成某事
__________________ on the one hand. . . on the other hand. . . toy with concentrate on with the intention of push ahead with succeed in doing sth. 7. 供出售, 待销售 _______ 8. 对……进行评论
___________ 9. in agreement with________________ 10. make sense
_____________________ 11. turn out
___________________ 12. put. . . in place ____________________ 13. be/get burnt out
______________ 14. with reference to __________ 15. follow in one’s footsteps _________ for sale comment on 同意; 与……一致 有意义, 有道理, 讲得通 结果是, 证明是, 生产 将……落实到位, 实施 耗尽体力, 累垮 关于, 有关 效仿某人 16. in summary ______________ 17. take. . . into consideration _________ 18. in favour of __________ 19. point of view
_____ 20. be cautious with _______________ 总之, 概括起来 认真考虑 赞同, 支持 观点 对……谨慎/小心 语境取词——选用上面的单词或短语填空 ①_______________(一方面), we should _____________(集中 精力于) our study, on the other hand we must be ________ __(支持) doing sports. Only in this way can we _________ __________________(成功实现梦想).
②After he decided to _________________________(效仿雷 锋), he _________________(义无反顾地进行) his decision. He
always tried his best to meet others’ need. ____________ (总之),
we should learn from him.
On the one hand concentrate on in favour of succeed in reaching our dreams follow in Lei Feng’s footsteps pushed ahead with summary In Ⅲ. 句型➡超级仿写 1. the first/second+n. to do sth. 第一个/第二个……做某事 _____________________________________(第一只被成功克 隆出来的哺乳动物)from an adult cell was Dolly the sheep.
【仿写】你是第一个请求我同意的人。 You’re ____________________me for permission.
The first mammal to be cloned successfully the first
person
to ask 2. if引导的虚拟条件句 __________________________________________________ (如果有机会, 我会立即要一个克隆婴儿).
【仿写】如果我有足够的钱, 我就买下那辆车了。 _______________________________________ If I had the chance, I would have a cloned baby right now If I had enough money, I would buy
that car. 3. while引导让步状语从句 ____________________________________________________ (尽管克隆人类胚胎在很多国家还不合法), some scientists are
already pushing ahead with research in order to produce a
cloned human baby.
【仿写】尽管现在的机遇比过去多, 但竞争却更加激烈。 _________________________________________, the
competition is getting tougher.
While cloning human embryos is not legal in many countries While there are more opportunities than before 4. compared with过去分词短语作状语 For example, cloned animals are not very healthy—they
nearly always live brief, painful lives _____________________ _______(与普通的动物相比).
【仿写】的确, 与他们相比, 我们的生活更舒适。 Indeed, __________________, our lives are more comfortable.
compared with ordinary animals compared with them 5. the aim of (doing) sth. is to. . . (做)某事的目的是…… __________________________(转基因研究的一个目的是)
produce food which will make us healthier.
【仿写】教育的目标是培养人。 __________________________________ One aim of GM research is to The aim of education is to train people. 6. rather than引导并列成分 Research has been limited to increasing production profits,
__________(而不是)making sure that GM foods are safe.
【仿写】你应该关注的是自己欠缺的东西, 而不是所拥有的 东西。 Your focus should be on what you lack ___________________ _____.
rather than rather than what you have 【重点单词】 1. adopt vt. 收养, 领养; 采用, 采纳 【填一填➡激活思维】 ①Many childless couples are willing to _____ ________.
许多无子女的夫妇愿意收养孩子。 ②He eagerly recommended us to _____ ____ ____.
他热切地建议我们采纳那个计划。 adopt children adopt that plan 【记一记➡构建知识】 (1)adopt one’s advice/suggestion/plan. . .
采纳某人的建议/方案…… (2)adoption n. 收养, 采用 *Teachers are encouraged to adopt new teaching approaches
to improving the students’ study efficiency.
老师们被鼓励采用提高学生们的学习效率的新的教学方法。 *We argued her into the adoption of the plan.
我们说服她采纳这项计划。 【悟一悟➡参透误区】 adopt与adapt为易混词汇, adapt的含义是“(使)适应, 改编”, 要注意两者在句中的差异。 2. consequence n. 结果, 后果 【填一填➡激活思维】 ①(2017·福建高考)___ __ ___________, children become so
reliant on their parents that they have no independent
thought or creative ideas.
结果, 孩子们变得如此依赖父母, 以至于他们没有独立的思 想或创造性思维。 ②Many people are facing unemployment __ __ ___________
__ the company’s going bankrupt.
因为这家公司的破产许多人将面临失业。 As a consequence as a consequence of 【记一记➡构建知识】 as a consequence
in consequence as a consequence of
in consequence of * In consequence of/As a consequence of his bad behavior he was dismissed. = He behaved badly and as a consequence/in consequence, he was dismissed.
由于行为不良, 他被开除了。 因此, 结果 由于, 因为……缘故 【拓展延伸】 有相同含义的短语还包括: as a result (因此, 结果), as a result of (由于, 因为)。 3. consideration n. 仔细考虑; 必须考虑的因素; 体谅, 顾及 【填一填➡激活思维】 ①We have to ____ his age ____ ____________ when talking
about the boy’s performance.
谈到这个男孩的表现, 我们必须把他的年龄考虑在内。 ②The manager’s new marketing plan is currently ______
____________.
经理的新市场方案目前正在讨论之中。
take into consideration under consideration 【记一记➡构建知识】 (1)take sth. into consideration 考虑某事, 把……考虑在内 under consideration 在考虑中, 在研究中 show consideration for 照顾, 顾及…… (2)consider v. 考虑, 认为 (3)considerateadj. 考虑周到的 *You showed no consideration for anyone else but yourself!
你一点都不为别人考虑, 只想到你自己!