师说系列2017届高考英语一轮复习讲义：2.3Computers（人教版）

　　THANKS Unit 3　Computers 教 材 面 面 观

　　单词拓展

　　1.________n．(电脑)操作员；接线员　________v．操作；做手术　________n．手术

　　2．________n．工艺；科技；技术　________adj.科技的　________n．技术；技巧

　　3．________n．革命　________adj. & n．革命的；革命者

　　4．________n．智力；聪明；智能

　　________adj.智能的；聪明的

　　5．________n．真实；现实；事实　________vt.实现　________adj.真实的　________adv.真正地

　　6．________n．应用；用途；申请　________v．申请；适应　________n．申请人

　　7．________n．金融；财经　________adj.金融的

　　8．________n．幸福；快乐　________adj.快乐的　________adv.快乐地

　　9．______n．外观；外貌；出现　______vi.表面看起来；出现

　　10．________vt.计算　________n．计算　________n．计算器

　　11．______vt.简化　______adj.简单的　________adj.俭朴地

　　12．________vt.解决；解答　________n．解决办法

　　13．________vt. & vi.探险　________n．探险

　　________n．探险者

　　14．________adj.普遍的；通用的；宇宙的　________adv.一致地；共同地　________n．宇宙

　　15．________adj.人造的；假的短语回顾1.from...________从……时起

　　2．human ________

　　人类

　　3．________a result

　　结果

　　4．so...________...

　　如此……以至于……

　　5．in________way

　　在某种程度上

　　6．________the help of

　　在……的帮助下

　　7．deal________

　　处理；安排；对付

　　8．watch________

　　看守，监视

　　9．go________

　　经过

　　10．have...in________

　　有……共同之处

　　11．what's________

　　而且

　　12．get________

　　集合，聚集

　　13．make________

　　弥补，补足；整理

　　14．________all

　　毕竟

　　15．later ________

　　后来；以后

　　句型背诵1.I developed very slowly and________ ________nearly two hundred years________I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage.

　　我发育缓慢，差不多到了两百年之后，查尔斯·巴比奇才把我制成了一台分析机。

　　2．________ ________ ________ ________， I could simplify difficult sums.

　　尽管当时我还年轻，但是我能简化一些复杂的数学题。

　　3．By the 1940s I ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ a room, and I wondered if I would grow any larger.

　　到二十世纪四十年代，我已经长得像一间屋子那么大，我不知道是否还会长得更大。

　　4．At that time________ ________ ________a technological revolution and the start of my“artificial intelligence”．

　　那时这被当作是一次技术革命，也是我“人工智能”的开始。

　　5．Over time my memory has developed________ ________ ________，like an elephant，I never forget anything I've been told!

　　随着时间的推移，我的记忆能力发展得如此之快，就像一头大象一样，我从来不会忘记告诉我的任何事情！

　　自我诊断

　　单词拓展

　　1．operator，operate，operation　2.technology，technological，technique　3.revolution，revolutionary　4.intelligence，intelligent　5.reality，realize，real，really　6.application，apply，applicant　7.finance，financial　8.happiness，happy，happily　9.appearance，appear　10.calculate，calculation，calculator　11.simplify，simple，simply　12.solve，solution　13.explore，exploration，explorer　14.universal，universally，universe　15.artificial

　　短语回顾

　　1．on　2.race　3.as　4.that　5.a　6.with　7.with　8.over

　　9．by　10.common　11.more　12.together　13.up　14.after　15.on

　　句型背诵

　　1．it took；before　2.Although I was young　3.had grown as large as　4.it was considered　5.so much that

　　考 点 串 串 讲

　　重点单词1.application n．应用；用途；申请

　　①The committee were unanimous that the application should be turned down.

　　委员会一致同意拒绝这项申请。

　　②The manager received twenty applications for the post.

　　经理收到了二十份求职申请书。

　　●用法拓展

　　(1)apply to sb. for sth.向某人申请某物

　　(2)apply to适合……，适用于……

　　(3)apply sth. to sth.把……应用到……中；涂、敷……

　　(4)apply oneself/one's mind to sth./to doing sth.专心于……

　　①In this way they can better apply theory to practice.

　　这样他们就能更好地把理论运用到实践中去。

　　②I advise that they apply to the council for a home improvement grant.

　　我建议他们向市政会申请改善住房的补助金。

　　③This rule can't be applied to every case.

　　这项规则不是所有情况都适用。

　　④We applied our minds to finding a solution to our problem.

　　我们绞尽脑汁寻求解决问题的办法。

　　即境活用单项填空

　　If you ________ yourself to the job in hand, you'll soon finish it.

　　A．request　B．appeal

　　C．apply

　　D．claim

　　2．arise v．出现；发生；起因于

　　When they at last began to work，another difficulty arose.

　　最终当他们开始工作的时候，又出现了另外一个困难。

　　A survey shows that most of the car accidents arose from the driver's carelessness.

　　调查显示大部分的车祸起因于司机们的粗心。

　　A heavy mist arose from the lake.

　　湖面起了浓雾。

　　●用法拓展

　　arise from由……而引起，由……而产生

　　arise out of由……而引起，由……而产生

　　即境活用翻译句子

　　①他们之间出现了严重的分歧。

　　②这场车祸是由于司机的粗心引起的。

　　3．anyhow adv.无论如何；即使如此；随便地；杂乱无章地

　　Anyhow I must tell the truth.

　　无论如何，我必须说出真相。

　　His clothes were just thrown down anyhow.

　　他的衣服扔得到处都是。

　　I couldn't think of the name of that man anyhow.

　　我怎么也想不出那人的名字来了。

　　●用法拓展

　　anyway＝anyhow，其用法如下：

　　①而且；加之；反正

　　②尽管；即使如此

　　③(转换话题、结束谈话或回到原话题时说)无论如何，反正

　　④(纠正或略微改变说过的话)至少

　　It's too expensive and anyway the colour doesn't suit you.

　　这个太贵，而且颜色也不适合你。

　　I'm afraid we can't come，but thanks for the invitation anyway.

　　恐怕我们来不了了，不过还是感谢邀请。

　　Anyway，I'd better go now—I'll see you tomorrow.

　　反正我现在还是走的好——明天见。

　　She works in a bank.She did when I last saw her，anyway.

　　她在银行工作。至少我上次见到她时是这样。

　　即境活用单项填空

　　I think David must have told you his business troubles.______，it's no secret that he owes a lot of money to the bank.

　　A．However

　　B．Anyway

　　C．Therefore

　　D．Though

　　4．goal n．球门；得分；终点；目标

　　●用法拓展

　　①kick the ball into the goal把球踢进球门

　　②score a goal赢得一分

　　③reach the goal of one's journey到达某人旅程的终点

　　④pursue/achieve/set a goal追求/达到/设定目标

　　●特别提醒

　　goal作“球门”讲时，往往指足球或曲棍球的球门。

　　①We've achieved our goal of building a shelter for the homeless.

　　我们已经实现了为无家可归者建庇护所的目标。

　　②Baggio scored the first goal for Italy.

　　巴乔为意大利队进了头一个球。

　　即境活用完成句子

　　①The team needs to ________ ________ ________(防守球门)．

　　②The crowd was wild with joy when he ________ ________ ________ ________(赢得最后一分)．

　　③You'd better ________ ________ ________(设定目标) before you start the drill.

　　5．type n．类型　v．打字

　　●用法拓展

　　(1)different racial types不同的人种

　　(2)be one's type是某人喜欢的那种人

　　(3)type up(把报告)打印出来

　　(4)typical adj.典型的

　　It's typical of sb. to do sth.干某事是某人的特点

　　(5)typewriter n．打字机

　　①There have been several incidents of this type in recent weeks.

　　最近几周已经发生好几宗类似事件了。

　　②She is the type of person I admire.

　　她是我钦佩的那一类人。

　　③Does the report need to be typed?

　　那份报告需要打出来吗？

　　●易混辨析

　　type, kind与sort

　　三者都是可数名词。kind意为“种；类；属”，指属于同种类的东西，它所表示的概念比较笼统；sort的意思与kind一样，指大体相似的东西，这两个词可以通用，不过当表示轻蔑的意思时一般用sort；type为“型；类型；式”，指某一类中的典型，它所表示的概念比较具体。

　　kind of＝sort of稍微，有点

　　Steel is a kind of matter.钢是一种物质。

　　I don't like to read books of this sort.

　　我不喜欢读这种书。

　　What type of blood is yours?

　　你是什么血型？

　　即境活用单项填空

　　①It's said that a person whose blood ________ is AB usually has a double character.

　　A．kind　 B．type

　　C．means

　　D．sort

　　②In my opinion, she is not my ________.

　　A．type

　　B．kind

　　C．sort

　　D．variety

　　6．sum n．总数；和；金额；算术题　vt.总计；合计；概略；概述

　　The boy is good at sums.

　　这个小男孩擅长算术。

　　The sum of 1 and 2 is 3.

　　一与二的和是三。

　　The last section sums up all the arguments on either side.

　　最后一部分总结了双方的全部论点。

　　●用法拓展

　　in sum大体上，一言以蔽之，总之

　　sum up总计；概括；总结；判断；估量

　　sum sb. up看清某人的性格

　　a large sum of大量的

　　即境活用完成句子

　　①概括来说，这一问题主要有三种解法。

　　_________， there are three main ways of tackling the problem.

　　②懒到家了——这大体上就是他的真实写照。

　　Totally lazy­that just about ____________________.

　　7．total adj.整个的，全部的；完全是

　　①What is the total cost of these books?

　　这些书的总价是多少？

　　②The plan was a total failure.

　　那项计划完全失败了。

　　●用法拓展

　　a total of 总共……

　　in total 加起来

　　①A total of 20, 000 people visited the castle on the first day.

　　在第一天总共有20 000人参观了这座城堡。

　　②In total, there must have been 2000 people there.

　　那儿总共一定有2000人。

　　即境活用单项填空

　　—Do you know how many students took part in the sports meet?

　　—About 400 ________.

　　A．all together　B．after all

　　C．in total

　　D．at total

　　8．simplify vt.简化

　　●用法拓展

　　simple adj.简单的；朴素的；一般的

　　simply adv.简单地；仅仅，只不过

　　simplified adj.简单化的；单一的

　　a simplified version of the story for young children

　　供小朋友阅读的故事简写本

　　●特别提醒

　　许多形容词可以通过在词尾加上­fy而变为动词，除了simplify之外，purify(净化)也符合这一规律。

　　即境活用完成句子

　　①________ ________ ________(简化问题)so that children can understand them.

　　②The answer is really________ ________(很简单)．

　　③You can enjoy all the water sports，or________ ________ ________(仅仅躺在)the beach.

　　重点短语

　　1.as a result结果

　　As a result，the number of the people who travel in holidays increases every year.

　　因此，每年假期出游的人越来越多。

　　●用法拓展

　　without result无效地，毫无结果地

　　result from起于，由于

　　result in导致，终于造成……结果

　　即境活用单项填空

　　①My friend Martin was very sick with a strange fever；________he could neither eat nor sleep.

　　A．as a result

　　B．after all

　　C．any way

　　D．otherwise

　　②This is an illness that can________total blindness if left untreated.

　　A．be resulted from

　　B．result from

　　C．result in

　　D．be resulted in

　　翻译句子

　　③他学习不努力，结果，考试失败了。

　　2．have sth. in common with和……有共同点

　　In small groups，discuss what they have in common.

　　以小组为单位，讨论他们有什么共同点。

　　Real friends have lots in common with each other.

　　真正的朋友有很多的共同之处。

　　In common with many students in our class，he likes jazz music.

　　和我们班很多同学一样，他喜欢爵士乐。

　　●用法拓展

　　in common with和……一样

　　have nothing in common with和……没有共同点

　　(请思考：have much in common；have little in common等)

　　common knowledge大家都知道的事，常识

　　即境活用完成句子

　　①他们彼此毫无共同点。

　　They________ ________ ________ ________with one another.

　　单项填空

　　②It is________knowledge that Zhang Zuolin was murdered by the Japanese.

　　A．ordinary

　　B．common

　　C．general

　　D．average

　　③Most of the top leaders expressed a common desire at the UN conference，________desire that different cultures________coexist with tolerance.

　　A．the；must

　　B．the；should

　　C．a；must

　　D．a；/

　　3．in a way意为“在某种程度上”

　　The work is well done in a way.

　　这工作还算做得不错。

　　In a way，you're right.

　　从某一点上看你是对的。

　　●用法拓展

　　way的相关短语：

　　in this/that way用这种/那种方式

　　by the way顺便说一下

　　all the way一路上；自始至终

　　by way of sth.路经；经过

　　get out of/in the way of(不)挡……的路；(不)妨碍

　　give way to/make way for屈服；让步

　　look the other way故意避而不看

　　make one's way去；前往

　　(there is)no way不可能；决不。用于句首时，句子谓语用部分倒装形式。

　　the other way round相反；反过来。

　　She didn't speak a word to me all the day back home.

　　回家的一路上，她没对我说过一句话。

　　The artist recently arrived in Paris from Bulgaria by way of Vienna.

　　这位艺术家最近从保加利亚途经维也纳到了巴黎。

　　Prison officers know what's going on，but look the other way.

　　狱警知道出了什么事，但扭过头去装作没看见。

　　Will you be able to make your own way to the airport?

　　你能自己去机场吗？

　　No way am I going to drive them there.

　　我无论如何都不会开车把他们送到那里去。

　　I didn't leave you.It was the other way round.

　　我没有离开你，是你离开了我。

　　即境活用单项填空

　　She was late but________I forgave her.

　　A．any way

　　B．anyway

　　C．at any way

　　D．in a way

　　4．deal with意为“对付；应付；处理”

　　They refused to compromise their principles by dealing with the terrorists.

　　他们拒绝同恐怖分子做交易，以免原则受到损害。

　　Have you got any concrete thoughts on how to deal with this difficulty?

　　处理这种困难你有什么具体的想法？

　　Her poems often deal with the subject of death.

　　她的诗通常是关于死亡这一主题的。

　　●用法拓展

　　deal in sth.经营；买卖(某一产品)

　　deal sth. out分发；分配

　　a good/great deal(of)大量；很多，用来修饰不可数名词；a good/great deal可以用来修饰形容词或副词的比较级。

　　We deal in hardware but not software.

　　我们只经营硬件而不经营软件。

　　The profits were dealt out among the investors.

　　利润分给了投资者。

　　They spent a great deal of money.

　　他们花了很多钱。

　　I'm feeling a good deal better.

　　我感觉好多了。

　　易混辨析

　　deal with，do with和cope with

　　①deal with是及物动词短语，其宾语是人或物，这时若表示疑问，常与how连用。

　　②do sth. with sb./sth.用于否定句和与what连用的疑问句，意为“处理；对付”。

　　③cope with是及物动词短语，其宾语是物，表示(成功地)应付；对付某事。

　　I don't know what to deal with.

　　我不知道该做什么。

　　He wondered how to deal with the children.

　　他不知如何应付这些孩子们。

　　I don't know what to do with(＝how to use)all the food that's left over.

　　我不知道怎样处理所有这些剩饭剩菜。

　　What have you been doing with yourselves?

　　你们一向是怎么过的？

　　即境活用单项填空

　　Astronaut as he was，he didn't know________he had to________in outer space.

　　A．how；deal with

　　B．what；deal with

　　C．how；do with

　　D．what；be done with

　　5．after all毕竟，究竟，别忘了；结果，终究

　　●用法拓展

　　意为“毕竟，究竟，别忘了，归根结底”，导出原因，通常置于句首。

　　After all，we are old friends.

　　毕竟我们是老朋友。

　　Don't blame him seriously.After all，he is still a child.

　　不要严厉地责备他了，别忘了，他还是个孩子。

　　表示结果与预想不同，常置于句尾，意为“结果，终究”。

　　答案：C　

　　答案：①Serious disagreement arose between them.

　　②This accident arose from the driver's carelessness.

　　答案：B

　　答案：①defend its goal　②scored the final goal　③set a goal　

　　答案：①B　②A　

　　答案：①To sum up　②sums him up　

　　答案：C　

　　答案：①Simplify the questions②quite simple ③simply lie on

　　答案：①A　②C

　　③He didn't work hard.As a result，he failed the exam.

　　答案：①have nothing in common

　　②B　③D

　　答案：B

　　答案：A

　　So you made it after all.

　　你终究成功了。

　　above all首先，最重要的是

　　all the way一路上

　　all the same仍然，还是

　　all the time一直

　　all in all从各方面考虑；总的说来

　　at all根本，全然

　　first of all首先

　　in all总计

　　not at all一点也不，完全不；不用客气

　　●易混辨析

　　above all, in all与at all

　　(1)above all首先；最重要的是

　　(2)in all总共；总计

　　(3)at all完全；根本

　　①Children should learn above all how to observe good manners at table.

　　小孩首先应学会餐桌礼仪。

　　②There are more than 2,000 workers in all in the factory.

　　这个工厂共有2,000多工人。

　　③You might as well not know a thing at all as know it only a little.

　　只知道一点点，不如完全不晓得。

　　即境活用单项填空

　　I thought I was going to fail the driving test but I succeeded________.

　　A．after all

　　B．first of all

　　C．in all

　　D．at all

　　6．so...that...如此……以至于……

　　●用法拓展

　　(1)so＋adj.(adv.)＋that...

　　(2)so＋adj.＋a/an＋单数名词＋that...

　　(3)so＋few/little(少)/many/much＋n.＋that...

　　①He was so excited that he could not speak.

　　他兴奋得连话都说不出来了。

　　②That is so interesting a magazine that I can't wait to read it.

　　那是如此有趣的一本杂志，我迫不及待地想读。

　　③There are so many spelling mistakes in your composition that I can't understand what you are writing about.

　　你作文中的拼写错误太多了，以至于我读不明白你在写什么。

　　●用法拓展

　　(1)such...that...也可引导结果状语从句。

　　such＋(adj.)＋不可数名词＋that...

　　such＋(adj.)＋复数名词＋that...

　　such＋a/an＋adj.＋单数名词＋that...

　　(2)so, such修饰的成分置于句首时，主句常用倒装。

　　(3)so＋adj./adv.＋that...时，如结果状语从句是否定形式，可转换成“too...to...”结构；如结果状语从句是肯定形式，可以转换成“...enough to...”结构。

　　①It was such a fine day that all my family went hiking in the countryside.

　　天气很好，我们全家人一起去乡下徒步旅行。

　　②So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.

　　他讲英语非常清晰，总能让别人听懂。

　　③He was too weak to walk.

　　他太虚弱了，走不动路。

　　即境活用单项填空

　　Never before have I heard ________ beautiful music played by ________ common an instrument.

　　A．such；such　B．so；so

　　C．so；such

　　D．such；so

　　7．make up 弥补；编造；化妆；构成

　　We still need 10 thousand dollars to make up the sum required.

　　我们还需要一万元才能达到我们需要的数目。

　　Every time he is late, he makes up some excuses to his teacher.

　　他每次迟到都会编理由给老师解释。

　　It is not a formal party, so you needn't make up.

　　那不是个正式的晚会，所以你没有必要化妆。

　　●用法拓展

　　be made up of 由……构成

　　make a face 扮鬼脸

　　make it 做成……

　　make out 搞清楚，弄明白

　　即境活用翻译句子

　　①你要相信自己，你能行的。

　　单项填空

　　②We should make ________ a rule to report every day ________ number of those who have some fever during the time of SARS prevention.

　　A．that; a　 　B．this; this

　　C．them; that

　　D．it; the

　　重点句式

　　1.At that time it was considered a technological revolution and the start of my “artificial intelligence”．

　　在当时，它被认为是一次技术性革命和我的“人工智能”的开端。

　　●用法拓展

　　(1)at that time意为“在那时，在当时”，是一个过去式的时间状语。另外，关于time的短语还有：at a time一次，同时；at no time绝不，任何时候都不；at one time曾经，一度；in no time立刻，马上。

　　(2)consider的意思是“认为”，consider sb./sth. as/to be意为“把……看成，认为……”，其中as和to be可以省略。除此之外，regard也有类似用法。

　　即境活用翻译句子

　　①任何情况下我们都不能放弃。

　　完成句子

　　②这对老夫妻把这个小女孩视为自己的亲闺女。

　　The old couple________this girl________their own daughter.

　　2．Although I was young I could simplify difficult sums.

　　尽管当时我还年轻，但是我能简化一些复杂的数学题。

　　●用法拓展

　　although conj.意为“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句，主句里不可用but，若要强调前后两部分的对比意义，可在主句和从句之间加yet和still。

　　Although my car is very old，I don't want to buy a new one.

　　虽然我的汽车很旧，但我不想买一辆新的。

　　He insisted on doing it although I warned him not to.

　　虽然我警告他不要做，但他仍然坚持要做。

　　●易混辨析

　　although，though和as

　　although和though同义，在一般情况下，可以互换使用。只是though较普遍，常用于非正式的口语或书面语中，而although则较为正式。另外although语气比though重。

　　though可以独立用作副词，常放在句末，意为all the same(还是；仍然)或however(可是；然而)。

　　as引导让步状语从句时必须用倒装，though引导让步状语从句时可以倒装也可以不倒装，而although从句则不能倒装。

　　although和though引导让步状语从句时，常采用省略形式。

　　It's hard work.I enjoy it，though.

　　工作很苦，可是我喜欢。

　　Bravely though/as they fought，they had no chance of winning.

　　虽然他们打得很勇敢，但还是没有机会获胜。

　　The problem，though complicated(＝though it is complicated)，can be solved without much difficulty.

　　这个问题虽然复杂，但解决起来不会有很大困难。

　　即境活用单项填空

　　Child________he is，he knows a lot about computers.

　　A．although

　　B．as

　　C．if

　　D．even though

　　3．By the 1940s I had grown as large as a room，and I wondered if I would grow any larger.

　　到二十世纪四十年代，我已经长得像一间屋子那么大，我不知道是否还会长得更大。

　　●用法拓展

　　by prep.到……为止；在……之前。by引导的时间状语或从句如果是一般过去时，主句的谓语动词应该用had done，如果谓语动词是be动词，应用was/were的形式；by引导的时间状语或从句如果是一般现在时，主句的谓语动词应该用shall/will have done或will/shall be形式。

　　By the time he was 14，he had learned advanced mathematics by himself.

　　到他14岁的时候，他已经自学了高等数学。

　　By the time this term is over，we'll have learned 3,000 English words.

　　到本学期末为止，我们将学会3000个英语单词。

　　●用法拓展

　　by的其他用法：

　　表示在……旁，从……旁边，by the fire在炉火旁

　　用于被动语态，表示“被”，It is planted by Tom.由汤姆栽植。

　　依照，依据，如By your theory……按你的理论，……

　　表示方法，手段，by sea乘船，by bus乘公交车

　　表示抓，握的部位，She pulled me by the sleeve.她抓住我的衣袖。

　　即境活用单项填空

　　—Are you still smoking?

　　—No，by next Monday I________for a whole month without smoking a single cigarette.

　　A．will be

　　B．will have gone

　　C．will have been

　　D．has been going

　　4．I have also been put into robots and used to make mobile phones as well as help with medical operation.

　　我被安装到机器人体内，用来制作移动电话，以及帮助他们进行医学手术。

　　●用法拓展

　　(1)关于use的几个用法。

　　be used to doing 意为：习惯于做……be used to do 意为：被用来做……used to do 意为：过去常做而现在不做……

　　(2)enough用作形容词修饰名词时，多后置；作副词修饰形容词或者副词时，要后置，有时可以接不定式构成adj./adv.＋enough＋(for sb.) to do sth. 这一结构，并且可与so＋adj./adv.＋that结构互换使用。

　　即境活用翻译句子

　　①他过去常常早上睡到很晚，但是现在已经习惯早起了。

　　②木材可以用来做桌椅。

　　用so...that改写句子

　　③It's late enough for us to call it a day today.

　　5．Look at the way your face has been washed.

　　看一看你曾经洗脸的方式。

　　●用法拓展

　　本句中包含以way为先行词的定语从句。way作先行词并且在定语从句中作状语时，关系词可以是that、in which或者不填。另外，做……的方式、方法可以用the way to do或者the way of doing来表示。

　　即境活用用关系词完成下面两个句子

　　①I don't like the way ________________(way在定语从句中作状语)he speaks to his mother.

　　②I don't like the way ________________(way在定语从句中作宾语)he gave us in the meeting yesterday.

　　翻译句子

　　③你找到解决这个问题的办法了吗？

　　6．As I have grown older I have also grown smaller.

　　随着我年龄越来越大，我也变得越来越小。

　　●用法拓展

　　as conj.意为“随着”，后面需要跟句子；而介词with也有“随着”之意，但其后面需要跟名词作宾语。

　　I think you become more tolerant of other people as you get older.

　　随着你变老，我认为你变得更能忍受别人了。

　　As prices rose，the demand for higher salaries became more intense.

　　随着价格上升，要求涨工资的呼声变得更迫切。

　　With time going on/by，she became more and more beautiful.

　　随着时间的推移，她变得越来越漂亮。

　　●用法拓展

　　as的其他用法：

　　用作连词时，意为“当……时候；因为；由于；正如；如同；虽然；尽管”，当其表示“尽管”时，引导让步状语从句，常用倒装语序。

　　用作介词，意为“像；如同；作为”

　　用作副词，意为“和……一样”，常用于比较结构中，as...as...

　　用作关系代词，引导定语从句，表示“正如这一点”。

　　She left the house(just)as the sun was rising.

　　当太阳升起的时候，她离开家。

　　As it had started to rain we had to give up the picnic.

　　因为天开始下雨，所以我们不得不放弃野餐。

　　Remember，you must do everything as I do.

　　记住一切按照我说的做。

　　Tired as they were，they walked on.

　　虽然他们累了，但还是继续往前走。

　　As a nurse，you shouldn't be impatient with patients.

　　作为一个护士，你不应该对病人不耐心。

　　He is very careful，as we all know.

　　众所周知，他非常仔细。

　　即境活用单项填空

　　________，Mary couldn't get the work finished.

　　A．Try as she might

　　B．As she might try

　　C．She might as try

　　D．Might she as try

　　答案：A　

　　答案：D　

　　答案：①You should have confidence in yourself. You can make it.　②D　

　　答案：①At no time will we give up.

　　②considered as/to be

　　答案：B

　　答案：C

　　答案：①He used to sleep late in the morning. However, he has been used to getting up early now.

　　②Wood can be used to make desks and chairs.

　　③It's so late that we should call it a day today.

　　答案：①that/in which/不填

　　②that/which/不填

　　③Have you found the way to solve (of solving) this problem?

　　知 能 层 层 练

　　一、单项填空

　　1．About 50 magazines lie on the bookshelf. ________ you can find one for a child of 13.

　　A．Somehow　B．Somewhat

　　C．Otherwise

　　D．Anyhow

　　2．Columbus discovered America but he didn't ________ the new continent.

　　A．examine

　　B．research

　　C．explore

　　D．explode

　　3．The point that you make here is very complicated, and I hope you can ________it.

　　A．explain

　　B．simplify

　　C．shorten

　　D．enlarge

　　4．Her car broke down on her way to the park. ________， she had to ask someone to repair it.

　　A．As a result

　　B．As a matter of fact

　　C．As usual

　　D．As a whole

　　5．Once new difficulties ________ in our new job, we should learn to use our brains to solve them.

　　A．rise

　　B．cause

　　C．raise

　　D．arise

　　6．Our English teacher is very kind to us and ________， she is our friend.

　　A．on the way

　　B．on a way

　　C．in a way

　　D．in the way

　　7．—Flight 302 to Paris ________ until 730 tomorrow morning.

　　—No wonder I hear so many complaints from the passengers.

　　A．put off

　　B．has been put off

　　C．will put off

　　D．had been put off

　　8．Many colleges have taken measures to ________ the cheating of students in exams.

　　A．work out

　　B．find out

　　C．deal with

　　D．go with

　　9．—I have been worried about the possible danger of driving on a railway line.

　　—Do not be afraid; God will ________ us.

　　A．turn over

　　B．watch over

　　C．go over

　　D．look over

　　10．—Any fashion news about skirts?

　　—Yes. This season's short skirts have gained popularity now, although they ________ to be shocking at first.

　　A．had been thought

　　B．were thought

　　C．are thought

　　D．had thought

　　二、用所给词的适当形式填空

　　1．What you're saying is ________(total)ridiculous.

　　2．Tell me ________(true)what you think about it.

　　3．Compared with the ________(universal), a person is too small.

　　4．Try this new dish ________(create) by my grandmother.

　　5．Mother kept ________(mop)the kitchen floor.

　　6．________ (logical) the way he used to deal with the problem is correct.

　　7．The plan was carried out under the chief engineer's ________(person) guidance.

　　8．Money does not always bring ________(happy)．

　　三、用适当的介词或副词填空

　　1．The thief got away because no one was watching ________ him at the time.

　　2．Japan is made ________ of many islands.

　　3．They were very glad to know that help was ________ the way.

　　4．You must deal ________ the problem seriously.

　　5．________ the help of Mary, he caught up with his classmates.

　　6．He went abroad for further study ________ the 1990s.

　　7．The students in our class decided to get ________ during the summer holidays.

　　四、选择合适的词或短语并用其适当形式填空。

　　1．as a result, as a result of

　　①It rained heavily. ________ we had to stay at home for the whole weekend.

　　②________ the heavy rain, we had to stay at home for the whole weekend.

　　2．in a way, in the way, on the way, by the way

　　①________ to school he came across a boy who lost his way.

　　②There is a truck ________ and I can't get through.

　　③Perhaps he should have said nothing, but _____ it was his duty.

　　④________， have you seen my umbrella anywhere?

　　3．watch over, watch out, watch

　　①Jack ________ the snails move slowly on the ground.

　　②________！ There is danger ahead.

　　③The junior girls' basketball team, with Amelia ________ them, came out first in their local contest.

　　写 作 点 点 金

　　写作专题指导四　议论文技巧点拨议论文主要是论述某个道理，阐明某种观点。其特点是：摆事实，讲道理，表明自己的观点和主张。

　　论点、论据和论证是议论文的三要素。论点是作者对所论问题所持的见解和主张；论据是用来证明论点的事实和道理的根据；论证就是用论据来证明论点的方法和过程。一般说来，议论文每段应有主题句(topic sentence)来确定论点。文章结尾往往提出自己的看法、意见和建议，表示对某一现象或论点的赞成或反对。

　　写议论文的注意事项：

　　1．议论文常用以下两种手法进行写作：①先摆明现象，然后就现象发表自己的观点和理由；②先用主题句提出自己的观点，然后围绕主题句说理。

　　2．论点要鲜明，不可含糊其辞；论据要充分，要能够证明你的观点的合理性；论证过程要条理清晰。

　　3．文章安排逻辑性要强，思想内容推理要严密。

　　4．要以理服人，不可只喊口号、说大话。

　　5．议论文主要使用现在时态。

　　6．中学生学习用英语写议论文或者写议论文体裁的书面表达时，不要长篇大论。表明观点、陈述论据、推出结论就可以了。

　　7．写议论文常用下列承上启下的词语：

　　besides另外，再者

　　more over再者，而且

　　on (the) one hand一方面

　　on the other hand另一方面

　　therefore因此

　　however然而，不管怎样

　　what's more还有

　　as we all know我们都知道

　　as you know你知道

　　as everybody can see大家都很清楚

　　in a word/that is(to say)简言之

　　in other words换言之

　　on the contrary相反

　　It's clear that...显然……

　　I think我认为

　　I believe我相信，我认为

　　in my opinion我认为，按照我的看法

　　It's thought that...据认为……

　　generally speaking一般说来

　　for example例如

　　in fact/as a matter of fact实际上

　　示范训练在英语课堂上，你喜欢你的老师授课时只用英语，还是英语、汉语兼用？某英语杂志社就此话题邀请中学生发表看法。请你围绕“How do you prefer your English classes to be taught, in English only, or in both English and Chinese？”这个问题，参考所给要点，选择一种授课形式，写一篇英语短文。

　　注意：

　　1．词数100～120，短文开头已给出(不计词数)；

　　2．参考词汇：atmosphere氛围。

　　I prefer my English classes to be taught in...

　　范例

　　1

　　I prefer my English classes to be taught in English only. As we all know, a good learning environment is vital if we want to study English well. Classes taught in English provide students with such an environment. When English is the only language used in the classroom, students will have more opportunities to practise listening and speaking. Therefore, they will be able to learn more quickly.

　　However, there are also some problems with this teaching method. As we haven't mastered enough English words, sometimes we may find it difficult to follow the teacher. Slow learners may even lose interest in English.

　　Practice makes perfect. To learn English well requires a lot of practice. Therefore, I like my English classes to be taught completely in English.

　　2

　　I prefer my English classes to be taught in both Chinese and English. In my opinion, learning English is a step­by­step process. As middle school students, we only have a small vocabulary. If the teacher can use some Chinese in an English class, we will understand the lesson better.

　　Of course, an English class taught in two languages has its shortcomings. Such a class cannot create a good atmosphere for English learning. Some students will speak Chinese all the time and cannot learn English well.

　　If you want to learn a lesson well, you have to understand it first. To help students understand the lesson better, the teacher should use Chinese from time to time. Therefore, I like my teacher to use both English and Chinese in teaching.

　　答案：A

　　答案：D

　　解析：anyhow“不管怎样；无论如何”，符合题意。

　　答案：